行政处罚信息公开与隐私权保护

行政执法信息是否公开在目前的《政府信息公开条例》中没有明确的答案,学术界和实务界也众说纷纭",隐私"一词由于在我国公法领域不包含个人身份基本信息,故个人身份基本信息不属于不予公开的范畴,但是由于其特殊性,应该区分情况进行公开。首先,应对行政处罚信息作区分处理,违法行为信息应该主动公开,个人身份信息应该由利害关系人依申请公开,媒体在特殊情况下可以申请公开行政处罚相对人的身份信息,一般情况下,应有所限制。     

重塑政府文化:推进行政体制改革的重要思路

政府是政治权力主体的承载者,政府自身的文明程度是政治文明的重要标志.从政治文化的角度考察行政体制改革,可以使人关注那些行政规制背后的主观制约因素,并有助于清理那些影响着政府官员"行政行为"的内在动因.可以说,重塑政府文化对于行政体制改革具有重要的促进作用.     

科学民主化:食品安全规制中的公众参与

如何提升政府应对风险、保障公众健康的能力成为学界与政策实务界的讨论热点。在食品、环境与健康领域的风险规制中,充分保障公共利益似乎尤为困难。因为多种情况之下,风险规制的依据是专家的科学知识,结果仍然会引起公众对于行政政策以及专家的不信任。对此,在行政决策中平衡科学与公众参与两种力量日益重要,即科学民主化的问题,既强调专家的作用,又要使之与公众交流沟通。科学民主化事实上是公众参与的制度化,关于这一问题的研究对中国行政法的发展意义重大。     

Political Donations in Australia: What the Australian Electoral Commission Disclosures Reveal and What They Don't

The transparent disclosure of political donations is an important anti‐corruption measure. However Australia's current disclosure system has been too poor to sustain rigorous empirical analysis by either journalists or researchers. The barriers to analysis lie in the data collected and in how it is disclosed to the public. This article seeks to give an overview of the transparency problems in the disclosures. It then outlines what limited insights can be gleaned about the political donations landscape. It finds that donations are dominated by the federal election cycle, transparently declared donations make up a small and declining proportion of parties’ incomes at 12–15%, and the amount of money going entirely undisclosed is more than 50% and growing. It also finds indications of paying for access and donor strikes being used to punish government that require further research.     

Regulation by litigation: Not so bad?

This is a review essay concerning the book Regulation by Litigation. Utilizing public choice theory as the basis of its analysis, the book presents three case studies designed to demonstrate that regulation by litigation does not serve the public interest. This review essay attempts to show that public choice theory does not explain the decision to use litigation in these cases, that the alleged failure of litigation in these cases might not be failures at all, and that regulation by litigation is not the unmitigated evil the authors of the book suggest.     

Public Information and Regulatory Processes: What the Public Knows and Regulators Decide

Because bureaucratic agencies may be less transparent in their decision processes than legislatures, most states have developed processes to incorporate input from regulated communities and other parties potentially affected by regulations. Administrative agencies may encourage democratic practices to increase legitimacy and accountability of the bureaucracy and improve decision‐making processes. However, rules governing the regulatory process vary by state, with some incorporating more open practices than others. Understanding these dynamics is increasingly important, as the rulemaking process has become central to policymaking over the past several decades, with a large portion of policymaking authority delegated to administrative agencies. Drawing from regulatory documents, rulemaking comments, media coverage, and interviews with regulators in 14 regulatory decision processes across five states, this study finds that while states vary in their approach to providing access to information, there are overriding patterns that reduce the role of citizens and the overall transparency of regulatory processes.     

从流行腐朽政治文化看反腐斗争的严峻形势——对反腐斗争的艰巨性、复杂性、长期性的思考

流行腐朽政治文化已成为社会一大顽疾,腐蚀人们的心灵。党的十七届四中全会对新形势下反腐倡廉工作做出了重大战略部署,然而,流行腐朽政治文化的社会顽疾却令反腐倡廉工作充满复杂性、艰巨性和长期性。在分析了流行腐朽政治文化的内涵和现实意义后,提出了消除流行腐朽政治文化影响的几点思考。     

The Role of Social Scientists in Accelerating Innovation in Regenerative Medicine

The expertise of social scientists is vital in the field of regenerative medicine. By providing a comprehensive framework to include both technology and market conditions, as well as considering social, economic, and ethical values, they can inform policy decisions and influence the rate and direction of progress in new medical research. This paper deals with four potential conditions to which social science should pay special attention and assess: market conditions, technological opportunities, mechanisms of appropriability, and risk regulation of products and practices. The interplay of these factors must be understood as providing the right environment for this paradigm to progress. More empirical evidence is necessary to validate these factors in their international context, and this assigns a pivotal role to these experts.     

Information, Interests, and Environmental Regulation

This study contributes to the understanding of informational approaches to bringing about compliance with environmental regulations with particular attention to differences in the influence of information provided by different information sources. Based on theorizing from a combination of information processing and interest group literatures, we develop hypotheses about regulatees' reliance upon and the influence of different sources of information. We test these hypotheses for Danish farmers' compliance with agro-environmental rules. Our findings show that information plays a role in bringing about regulatory compliance, but its influence is not as strong and is less direct than might be thought to be the case. In addition, we show that not all information sources have the same influence. The findings demonstrate that interest groups have important roles in information provision and legitimization of policies that have often been assumed in the literature but have rarely been empirically examined.     

行政许可的演化与异化——以网吧行业为个案的分析

通过行政许可来管制市场,是现代公共行政的一种重要方式。然而,在某些情况下,行政许可并不能解决市场的弊病,反而带来大量问题,网吧行业的行政许可制度就是一个明显的例子。通过考察网吧行业行政许可制度逐渐膨胀的过程、实际的管制效果、合法性问题以及行政许可制度的实际受益者,可以揭示行政许可制度的实际运行状态,并论证法律控制的重要意义。     

The ‘party‐state’ in Greece and the fall of Papandreou

Revelations of corruption and of maladministration have forced a re‐examination of some of the basic characteristics of the Greek party‐state and party system. The purpose of this article is to examine how the controversies ‐ ‘scandals’ ‐ arose, and to assess their consequences for political development in Greece in the light of the June 1989 national elections. The elections may prove critical for the evolution of the State and the party system.     

以程序规范权力推动湖南省地方政府行政改革

通过实证研究分析湖南省行政程序政策制定路径与实施效果,发现其基本模式是政治动员,通过政治动员推动政策制定与政策实施;《湖南省行政程序规定》的作用是通过规范行政程序推动当地政府行政管理体制改革,是一种新的行政改革路径和改革模式。该政策的实施正向效果非常明显,值得肯定。通过政治动员模式制定和执行政策有许多优势,但也容易政随人走,如何使以程序规范权力的立法精神及推动行政管理体制改革的路径较少依赖脱离政治家而得以持续,需要进行更高层面的立法支持,进行地方人大立法甚至全国性立法十分必要。     

论反腐败中的信息公开制度

信息公开是实现权力有效监督的重要方式,是民众知情权的基本保障,是媒体自由的必要条件,信息公开构成反腐败制度建设的重要内容。美国、日本、韩国等许多国家均通过立法规定了信息公开制度。中国目前规范信息公开的法规主要是《政府信息公开条例》。在政府、民众观念及法律规范方面,中国信息公开都存在亟待完善之处。必须高度重视信息公开问题,从多方面完善中国的信息公开制度。     

言息公开法中的国家安全例外浅议

国家安全例外是信息公开法公开例外的一种。国家安全例外可以细分为国家安全、国家防卫、国际关系和对外承担保密义务的信息。国家安全例外的保护机制有损害测试、公共利益测试、部长否决权制度、存在与否机制等。我国应在未来的信息公开法中对国家安全例外进行立法,通过严格界定国家安全,引入损害测试、公共利益测试和存在与否机制来对国家安全例外进行周到保护,并同时实现信息公开的最大化。     

干部选拔任用中圈子文化的成因、影响与整治

干部选拔任用中圈子文化盛行主要源于传统官僚文化的承袭与市场利益驱动的交织、人事任免权力过于集中、干部的资源依赖与人身依附心理作祟等多重因素。圈子文化一旦渗入干部选任的各个环节,会造成破坏干部选任原则与标准、削弱干部队伍的领导和治理能力、阻碍动议与民主推荐中的制度执行等负面影响。要破除干部选拔任用中圈子文化的束缚与藩篱,在积极正向的政治文化和政治生态中打造忠诚干净担当的干部队伍,就必须构建科学的干部选任标准,优化干部选任制度体系,做实民主推荐强化过程监督,多主体协同培育优良政治文化,同时也要从源头加大对圈子文化的整治力度,防止圈子文化的蔓延和对政治生态的侵蚀。     

国外关于经济增长的政治学研究综述

本文运用文献分析法,从政策选择与政治条件两个维度来梳理国外关于经济增长的政治学理论,并在各维度内对已有文献的观点进行分类归纳。结合文献梳理的成果,笔者提出关于经济增长的政治学研究范式的一些思考。