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1.
The purpose of this study was to identify aspects of family relationships that may protect young children from the pathogenic
effects of family violence. Using a sample of 30 preschool-age children whose mothers were physically abused by a partner,
we investigated the associations between children’s externalizing and internalizing behavior problems and: (1) the quality
of the mother–child relationship, and (2) mothers’ attunement to their child’s sad and angry emotions. Results indicated that
clinician ratings of the mother–child relationship, and mothers’ attunement to their child’s experience of emotion each made
a unique contribution to the prediction of children’s externalizing behavior. These relationships remained robust, even after
taking the severity of domestic violence reported by mothers into consideration. Maternal attunement, however, did not mediate
the relationship between marital conflict and children’s behavior problems. No significant link was found between children’s
internalizing behavior and maternal attunement to their children’s sadness and anger. Additional findings suggested that mothers
with a PTSD diagnosis tended to be less attuned to their child’s experience of sadness.
This investigation was supported by grants from the Irving B. Harris Foundation, the Pinewood Foundation, the Miriam and Peter
Haas Foundation, and a REAC Award from the University of California, San Francisco to the second author. 相似文献
2.
This study evaluated psychometric properties of the Timeline Followback interview—Children’s Exposure to Partner Violence
(TLFB-CEPV), an event history calendar interview designed to assess children’s exposure to daily patterns of intimate partner
violence. Participants were men (N = 107) entering batterer’s treatment, their female partners, and a custodial child (6–16 years). The TLFB-CEPV asked about
days of partner physical aggression and children’s exposure to these episodes, and was administered to partners at pretreatment,
posttreatment, 6 and 12 months. At each assessment, the percentage of days of any child exposure (PAE) and of children’s direct
exposure (PDE) to violence were calculated. Parents completed measures of partner aggression and social desirability; parents,
teachers, and children completed measures of children’s adjustment. TLFB-CEPV scores had excellent temporal stability and
strong evidence of concurrent, discriminant, and criterion validity. Interrater agreement for TLFB-CEPV scores was moderate
at initial assessment, but high at subsequent follow-up interviews.
This project was supported, in part, by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA12189, Fals-Stewart), the Alpha
Foundation, and Old Dominion University. 相似文献
3.
Laura E. Watkins Casey T. Taft Claire L. Hebenstreit Lynda A. King Daniel W. King 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(3):135-140
This study examined the impacts of intimate partner aggression by female Vietnam veterans and their male partners on their
children’s behavior problems (N = 100 children). Veteran and partner psychological distress were also examined as potential mediators of these relationships.
Results indicated that physical and psychological aggression perpetration by both the female veteran and the male partner
was associated with child behavior problems. Contrary to expectations, psychological distress in the veteran and partner was
not associated with child behavior problems and did not mediate the effects of physical and psychological aggression on this
outcome. 相似文献
4.
Ashley E. Owen Martie P. Thompson Anne Shaffer Emily B. Jackson Nadine J. Kaslow 《Journal of family violence》2009,24(7):433-445
This study examined the mediating roles of several family variables in the relation between IPV witnessing and children’s
emotional and behavioral problems among 129 low-income, African American children ages 8 to 12. According to the mediational
model tested, experiencing or witnessing IPV negatively impacted the following family variables: maternal psychopathology,
family cohesion, and relatedness quality, which were subsequently associated with diminished child adjustment. These findings
were stronger when child reports were considered and when the outcome variable was internalizing problems. Findings from this
study support the value of targeting these variables in the development of culturally appropriate child witness interventions
for low-income African American families. Recommendations for future interventions based on study conclusions are offered. 相似文献
5.
This work examines the moderator effect of sex and age on the relationship between different types of exposure to intimate
partner violence (IPV) and child psychopathology and functional impairment. One hundred and sixty-six Spanish children aged
4 –17 years exposed to intimate partner violence were assessed using a diagnostic interview and other instruments for the
measurement of psychopathology and functional impairment. Participants were classified in three groups according to the degree
of exposure: witness (N = 77), involved (N = 63) and victim (N = 26). According to mothers’ self-reports and mother-child combined information, boy victims of IPV showed more mood disorders
than involved or witness boys. There were no other moderator effects of either sex or age. The effect of exposure to intimate
partner violence among children was not dependent, in general, on the child’s sex or age, and this has important implications
for the assessment, treatment, and prevention of children’s exposure to IPV. 相似文献
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8.
Family and social environment may play a part in children’s post-violence adjustment. The goal of this paper is to examine which factors are related to internalizing symptoms in mothers and their children exposed to intimate partner violence. Participants were 208 mothers exposed to domestic violence. Mothers responded using the Conflict Tactics Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and other standardized scales. They also reported on their children’s internalizing symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). For the whole group, children’s CBCL scores were related to higher maternal depression and lower maternal self-esteem. Factors determining internalizing in children varied based upon the child’s race. This study illustrates the importance of factors, such as maternal depression, maternal self-esteem, violence exposure, and social support, in determining whether a child exposed to domestic violence develops internalizing symptoms, and that ecological factors may have different effects on children based on race. 相似文献
9.
Melanie J. Bliss Emma Ogley-Oliver Emily Jackson Sharon Harp Nadine J. Kaslow 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(3):161-171
This study explores 178 low-income, abused African American women’s readiness to change abusive relationships and achieve
safety. We explore stages of change using Prochaska and DiClemente’s transtheoretical model (TM; Precontemplation, Contemplation,
Action, Preparation, and Maintenance). Results reveal that: for abused women, the stages fall along a continuum (versus discreet
and linear stages); abused women are primarily in the Contemplation stage; and multiple factors (perception of current abuse,
number of children in her home, symptoms of general anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], substance use, spiritual
well-being, self-esteem, and social support) affect women’s total readiness to change intimate partner violence (IPV). Current
IPV, anxiety, PTSD, substance abuse, and spirituality were positively correlated with readiness to change, and children in
the home and self-esteem were negatively correlated with readiness to change. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PTSD
and spiritual well-being are positive predictors of readiness to change. Findings contribute to the growing body of literature
supporting the TM as applied to IPV. Results are discussed in terms of applicability to interventionists, policy makers, and
community leaders as they consider the plight of abused women and their efforts towards violence-free relationships. 相似文献
10.
Mbilinyi LF Zegree J Roffman RA Walker D Neighbors C Edleson J 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(5):343-351
Although voluntary enrollment by abusive men in domestic violence perpetrator treatment programs occurs, most men enter treatment
only after they have injured a partner or family member and have been arrested, convicted and sentenced. This leaves a serious
gap for those who engage in abusive behavior but who have not been served by the legal or social service systems. To address
this gap, the researchers applied social marketing principles to recruit abusive men to a telephone-delivered pre-treatment
intervention (the Men’s Domestic Abuse Check-Up—MDACU), designed to motivate non-adjudicated and untreated abusive men who
are concurrently using alcohol and drugs to enter treatment voluntarily. This article discusses recruitment efforts in reaching
perpetrators of intimate partner violence, an underserved population. Informed by McGuire’s communication and persuasion matrix,
the researchers describe three phases of the MDACU’s marketing campaign: (1) planning, (2) early implementation, and (3) revision
of marketing strategies based on initial results. The researchers’ “lessons learned” conclude the paper.
This project is supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1 RO1 DA017873. 相似文献
11.
Parenting characteristics can have a significant influence on how children are affected by family violence. The purpose of this study was to explore the role women’s parenting stress plays in the relationship between exposure to physical and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) and children’s externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Data for this study were taken from three waves of the Illinois Families Study. The final sample included 1,653 children from 805 families. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted across two developmental stages in order to better understand the unique relationships based on child development. For children ages 6–12 years, parenting stress mediated the relationship between exposure to psychological IPV and internalizing behaviors. No direct or indirect pathways between exposure to IPV and children’s behavior problems were found among adolescents ages 13–17. Implications for social service interventions with children and families exposed to violence are included. 相似文献
12.
Karin Verlaine Rhodes Catherine L. Kothari Steven C. Marcus Catherine Cerulli 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(5):355-364
Successful criminal or civil legal system response to assaults against intimate partners (intimate partner violence; IPV)
usually rely on the victim’s participation in the legal process, including having contact with the prosecutor, filing charges,
and/or applying for an order of personal protection. Using data abstracted from criminal and civil legal system records for
a county-wide cohort of 990 female IPV victims over a 4-year period, we examine the impact of having children, and of specific
child factors, on victims’ engagement with the criminal prosecution of their abusive partners and/or seeking a personal protection
order (PPO) in the civil court system. Having children increased victim’s contact with the prosecutor and applications for
PPOs, but did not increase her likelihood of wanting to file or drop charges. Findings support prior work suggesting both
the importance and complexity of children on mothers’ decision-making. Policy makers and service providers may want to assess
survivors’ thoughts about the role children play in their decision-making. Additionally, by offering survivors interventions
to help their children address the impact of IPV exposure, survivors may be more willing to engage with services. 相似文献
13.
Witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) is a frightening experience that affects children’s development and well-being.
This study examines experiences of IPV from the perspective of children. Interviews with 14 children between 8 and 12 years
of age were analyzed using a thematic method. Three main themes were identified: how children talked about abuse of their
mother, described their own actions, and related to or handled memories of violence. Most children confirmed that their mother
had been the victim of abuse, but had difficulties describing these experiences. Narratives were often incoherent and difficult
to fully understand. In contrast, most of the children seemed to find it easier to describe their own actions during violence
and conflicts. Not thinking about IPV was a strategy that aimed at reducing unwanted memories; it is also a strategy that
may obstruct creating a narrative. 相似文献
14.
Children’s Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence: Causes,Consequences, and Coping 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Children’s appraisals of conflictual and aggressive parental interactions mediate their effect on children’s adjustment. Previous
studies have relied almost exclusively on self-report questionnaires to assess appraisals; consequently we know little about
perceptions that occur naturally when children witness interparental aggression. This study employed a semi-structured interview
to assess the thoughts and feelings of 34 children (ages 7–12) whose mothers were receiving services at domestic violence
agencies, and mothers reported on interparental aggression that took place in the home. Children’s thoughts centered on consequences
and efforts to understand why fights occurred. They generally viewed their mother’s partner as responsible for violence, though
a significant number viewed both parents as playing a role. Sadness and anger were more common than anxiety, and children
often attempted to stop or withdraw from fights or both. When asked why family violence occurs, most focused on perpetrators’
lack of control of anger or personal characteristics, but approximately one-third viewed victims as provoking aggression.
These findings support the idea that children actively attempt to understand the causes and consequences of interparental
violence and suggest that their perceptions and interpretations are important for understanding the development of beliefs
regarding the use of violence in close relationships. 相似文献
15.
Children exposed to intimate partner violence are known to experience a number of negative outcomes, including behavioral
and emotional problems; however, possible mechanisms accounting for this relationship are unclear. There is considerable evidence
that parenting stress has a direct effect on child adjustment problems and on parenting behaviors; parenting behaviors, in
turn, have been repeatedly shown to be related to child outcomes. The hypothesis that parenting mediates the relationship
between parenting stress and child behavioral and emotional problems according to Abidin’s (Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21:407–412, 1992) model was tested in a sample of 190 battered women and their 4-to12-year-old children. No support for
mediation was found for either mother- or child-reported outcomes. Parenting stress had a strong direct effect on child behavioral
and emotional problems. These findings have implications for the viability of Abidin’s model, as well as for interventions
with battered women that address parenting stress.
The authors would like to thank the women, children, and staff at the shelters for battered women who participated in this
study. 相似文献
16.
Clifton R. Emery 《Journal of family violence》2010,25(2):173-181
This paper examines two hypotheses about under-reporting in intimate partner violence data. The first hypothesis holds that
significant amounts of under-reporting of intimate partner violence occur due to stigma. The second examines the empirical
evidence behind Johnson’s (Journal of Marriage and the Family 57:238–294, 1995) contention that controversial findings of equal rates of intimate partner violence perpetration among men and women occur
through a combination of heterogeneity in type of intimate partner violence and missing data. E.M. and Data Augmentation are
used to correct for item non-response in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Strong support is found
for general under-reporting; weak support is found for greater under-reporting of male violence. 相似文献
17.
Isabelle D. Cherney Adam J. Greteman Brittany G. Travers 《Social Justice Research》2008,21(4):432-456
This study examined how the need for autonomy may be coexisting with current cultural norms. A total of 264 U.S., 76 Swiss,
and 51 British adults completed two perceptions of children’s rights surveys. The results showed that Swiss and British participants
were significantly more likely to advocate for autonomy or self-determination rights than same-aged U.S. adults. British participants
were also more likely to advocate for children’s self-determination rights than U.S. and Swiss participants, whereas Swiss
adults were more likely to grant children nurturance rights than British and US adults. Generally, parents were less likely
to advocate for autonomy than non-parents. The results are discussed in terms of individualism—collectivism, self-determination
theories, and parentalism. 相似文献
18.
Lynette M. Renner 《Journal of family violence》2012,27(3):177-186
Prior research has provided substantial evidence that child maltreatment and exposure to physical intimate partner violence
(IPV) are associated with increased externalizing behavior problems among children and adolescents. However, little is known
about the effects of exposure to psychological IPV and exposure to the physical abuse of a sibling. Using a total sample (N = 2,572) and subsample (n = 441) of children ages 3–18 years old, the purpose of this study was to assess whether cumulative types of family violence
lead to higher mean externalizing behavior scores and to examine the effects of single types of indirect and direct family
violence on children’s mean externalizing behavior scores. Results confirmed that children who experienced any type of family
violence victimization had higher mean externalizing behavior scores compared to children with no history of family violence;
however, few differences in externalizing behavior scores were found as the number of family violence types increased. Children
who experienced indirect types of family violence (e.g., exposure to the physical abuse of a sibling) had higher externalizing
behavior scores than children who experienced direct maltreatment (e.g., child physical abuse). Findings from this study suggest
that researchers and service providers should adopt a broader conceptualization of family violence victimization and increase
the amount of services provided to children who are indirectly victimized. 相似文献
19.
Hilary G. Harding Diana Morelen Kristel Thomassin Laura Bradbury Anne Shaffer 《Journal of family violence》2013,28(1):63-72
The current study examined the relationship of maternal- and paternal-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) to children’s internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Mother-child dyads (N?=?53; child ages 8–11) reported maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV exposure and measures of child symptomatology. Results demonstrated that: (a) maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV have similar but not identical relations with child outcomes, (b) mothers’ and children’s reports of paternal-perpetrated IPV were positively related, (c) mother and child report of maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV related to child emotional and behavior problems, and (d) emotion dysregulation mediated the link between IPV exposure and child outcomes. Notably, findings differed by reporters. Results support emotion dysregulation as one mechanism through which IPV exposure may lead to child behavior problems, with implications for clinical intervention. 相似文献
20.
Drawing on Connell’s (Gender and power: Society, the person and sexual politics. California: Stanford University Press, 1987; Masculinities. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995) model of gender relations, this paper examines patterns of intimate partner violence among women who have recently left
an abusive partner. In so doing, we attempt to better understand the social structural factors that shape the relations of
power and control in intimate violent heterosexual unions. The data come from the first wave of a longitudinal prospective
survey of 309 women who had left an abusive partner in the previous 3 years. Our data suggest that structured relations of
inequality, namely relations of production, power and cathexis, shape women’s risk of abuse and harassment after leaving,
and do so in ways that shape relations of coercive control. These results have implications for understanding the social context
within which male violence against women occurs, and how this context constrains and/or enables women’s strategies for leaving
and safety.
This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) New Emerging Team Grant #106054 and Institute
of Gender and Health Operating Grant #15156 (Marilyn Ford-Gilboe, Principal Investigator). The authors thank the participants
in the Women’s Health Effects Study. We also thank Julie McMullin, Kim Shuey, and the Health Effects research team for their
helpful feedback. 相似文献