西方社会融合概念探析及其启发

作为西方社会政策研究与实践的核心概念，社会融合概念逐渐引入我国社会政策研究领域并成为我国社会政策研究的重要概念。西方学者关于社会融合概念的分析以及对社会融合行动方案的成功实践。将对我国学者研究当代中国城市流动人口尤其是农民工的社会融合有积极的借鉴意义。本文试图对西方社会融合概念的由来和演变以及社会融合概念对中国的现实意义进行探析。     

当代中国政策议程创建模式嬗变分析

政策议程的研究在当前学术界引起了越来越多的关注,但是已有的研究成果表明,这些理论范式较多地从即时的视阈对政策议程的创建过程进行解释,而缺少历时向度的考察与对比研究,因而只能对某一具体的社会问题如何进入政策议程进行个案式的说明,而不能归纳和概括一个特定时期政策议程创建活动的总体特征和一般规律,当然也就难以从宏观层面对不同时期的议程建构模式进行纵向比较分析。因此,推进研究的深入发展亟需将个案式的解释模型上升为一般化的分析框架,通过对不同历史时期的创建活动进行动态化的梳理和比较,实现由单一向度的分析视角向"立体化"、多维度的研究方向转变。基于这一思考,以探究政策议程创建活动的"情境转换"与"过程变迁"及其内在联系为主旨,以政策议程创建模式为分析单元,提出了体制-过程模型,并以此为工具,以改革开放以来不同历史阶段的政策议程创建活动为考察对象,通过对三种政策议程创建模式的特征、过程及其背景的比较分析,力图在探究我国三十年间政策议程创建模式演进的一般规律的基础上对体制-过程模型的应用进行说明和验证。     

利益集团理论研究综述

基于"西方学者对利益集团的研究、中国学者对利益集团的研究、中国政府对利益集团采取的政策"三个方面,对国际学术界关于利益集团研究的理论成果进行综述。学者们的研究表明,利益集团及其活动对国家政治生活有重要影响,政府需要从理顺关系、科学管理、制度建设等视角对利益集团的发展采取积极的应对政策。     

协商民主优化议程设置的内在机理与实践路径

协商民主是推进民主政治建设和丰富公共治理模式的政治实践。以协商民主优化议程设置,有助于构建开放包容的政治决策体系。协商民主与议程设置在提供落地场景与避免隐蔽议程方面功能互补,以维护人民主体地位为共同价值追求,结合形成具备全过程意蕴的政策制定模式。协商民主从宏观制度建设、基层协商民主实践和数字协商民主机制角度推动公共议程转化为政策议程,使广泛讨论的公共议题得到政治过程的回应。确保政策议程与民意表达间的良性互动,需要建立公共理性与修辞叙事相结合的协商机制,营造开放宽容且回应性强的政策制定环境,完善协商民主议程转化的全过程追踪机制。     

新中国成立70年来政策议程设置的嬗变:政治逻辑及其阐释

政策议程设置是政治过程和公共政策研究的经典议题,政策议程设置最集中体现了国家治理中权力的真实运作,从政策议程设置视角研究国家治理现代化,是一个新的和有待拓展的研究领域。新中国成立70年来,党和国家在建设中国特色社会主义民主政治的进程中,逐步构建了与国家政体相适应的议程设置架构和机制,中国政策议程设置在合法性上回应了党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国三者有机统一的根本政治原则,并在国家治理能力实践中探索和完善了政策议程设置的有效性。理解和阐释新中国成立以来政策议程设置的政治逻辑,探索和构建中国治理话语体系,是我国政治学和公共管理研究尚待推进的知识议题。     

政策议程设定何以驱动:四种典型途径

关于"政策议程如何设定"的已有研究侧重对议程设定影响因素的探讨,忽视了对"政策议程设定何以驱动"这一问题的回答。依据驱动政策议程设定之核心元素的不同,笔者将政策议程设定的驱动分为权力、权利、媒介和事件等四种典型途径。在实践中,四种典型途径各有其内在的机理、优势和不足,为避免政策议程设定中的偏差和失误,特别需要规范权力的运行机制,扩大公民参与的范围和层次,充分发挥媒介"意见市场"的功能,增强决策者对焦点事件的前瞻意识,以提升政策议程设定的质量。     

网络舆论对廉政政策议程设置的影响

议程设置是廉政政策制定过程的重要环节,网络舆论对廉政政策议程设置有着积极的影响,包括丰富廉政政策议程设置的逻辑起点,实现廉政政策议程设置的多元主体互动,促使廉政政策象征性议程向实质性议程转化,加快廉政政策议程设置的进程等。但是网络舆论也可能打造"伪民意",形成"伪议程",给廉政政策议程带来设置难度加大、甚至设置错误议程等消极影响。     

政治传播中的框架效应——国外研究现状及其对中国的启示

本文对国外政治传播领域中广受关注的框架效应的研究现状进行了回顾性分析。文章首先对国外有关框架和框架效应的界定、框架类型的相关文献做了梳理,对西方学者关于框架与议程设置、启动、说服等相关概念的异同进行了述评,然后对框架效应产生的心理机制、影响框架效应的因素、框架效应对民主的影响等方面的文献进行了评析。文章指出,框架理论与议程设置理论存在较大的相似性和重叠,但议程设置理论较少关注公众自身的特性以及在何种情境下媒体信息(或精英话语、政党倾向)会对舆论倾向产生作用,而这些方面恰好是框架研究的重点。文章还指出,框架的心理机制奠基于心理学的前景理论和社会学的信息简化理论。影响框架效应的因素可分为框架自身的特性、受众的特性和框架发生的具体情境三类。文章还介绍了西方学者关于框架效应对民主体制的挑战以及学者们对该问题的回应。在此基础上,文章就国内研究现状进行了评估,认为中国学界需要借鉴和学习国外已有的研究成果,展开更多的以实证为基础的政治传播研究。     

协商民主与政策议程的成功设置

政策议程的成功设置是社会问题得以解决的前提。现实中由于政策议程设置机制或设置模式的原因,一些公众关心的社会问题难以进入政策议程,政府有时提出的政策议程设置主张也遭到公众的抵制和反对。协商民主作为一种决策体制和民主治理形式,用一套制度与程序规范提升政策议程设置内容及过程的合法性,有助于政策议程的成功设置。     

“邻避冲突”中的议程设置——基于R市的实证研究

从公共政策过程的角度,立足于现实的"邻避冲突"案例,使用历时性的分析方法阐释了议程设置的过程与机制,研究发现,在中国大陆与核能开发有关的"邻避冲突"大多源自原有核能政策的垄断。民间群体想要打破政府对议程设置的垄断局面,必须经历核能政策垄断与"混合式"议程设置,公众议程的发起与新议程形象的建立,议程议定场所的选择与管辖权的争夺,议程的扩张与政策垄断的破坏,及"机会之窗"与"焦点触发",最终将自己面临的困境清晰地呈现给政策的制定者。案例表明,现实中自下而上的议程设置还存在诸多障碍:即来自政府方面的阻碍主要表现在体制和机制方面,来自公众方面的阻碍主要是其在参与和主导议程设置的能力上存在缺憾,来自大众媒体方面的阻碍主要是他们对议程话语权的操作和过度的风险放大。优化议程设置的可能性路径是:加强议程开启和沟通的制度化机制建设,建立和完善议程设定场所之间的统筹与协调机制,培育公众在政策参与方面的能力。     

2010年中国政治学研究综述

前些年,不少学者热衷于介绍和研究西方昙花一现的政治理论,自去年以来,这种追风的现象已经趋冷。2010年的政治学研究主要关注了国家理论、政党理论、政治思潮、民主问题、政治学学科和方法论。由此可以看出,中国的政治学研究进一步向传统的研究主题回归,进一步趋向理性。     

案卷排他性原则在我国政府价格决策听证中的确立

案卷排他性原则是现代听证制度的核心。我国目前的价格决策听证制度并没有确立案卷排他性原则,致使政府价格决策听证常常流于形式。案卷排他性原则在我国政府价格决策听证中的确立,不仅具有必要性.而且具有可行性。     

The Rise of Resilience in Education in Emergencies

ABSTRACT

This article explores how resilience as a concept is being increasingly mobilised within the Education in Emergencies (EiE) community. Using content and a close textual analysis, it identifies the concept's growth in prominence within key EiE documents arguing it has been employed to serve a range of different purposes. It contends, however, that dominant conceptualisations of resilience within the EiE community are reflective of a number of shifts around the problem, subjects and purposes of education provision in such conflict-affected contexts. This serves to limit the transformative potential of resilience, particularly in regards to contributing to positive peace.     

Performance of local councils in the collection of revenue in Bangladesh

Local councils in Bangladesh have been provided with several sources of revenue that can be utilized for the maintenance of the councils, as well as the initiation of developmental projects. The union and upazila level councils have fared miserably in collection of such revenue. An examination of twelve upazilas during 1986–90 demonstrates that their performance has been affected by a lack of administrative support for the task, a dearth of adequate knowledge and skills on the part of local leaders and a failure to plan carefully on the part of the government. The Ordinances through which they have been established did not identify realistic sources of revenue nor did they provide guidelines on their utilization. Consequently, collection of revenue is done in an arbitrary and disorganized manner. It is recommended that adequate and appropriate administrative structures are developed and that proper training is provided to enhance the knowledge and skills of local leaders and to enable the councils to perform the task of revenue collection efficiently. Some suggestions are presented to utilize properly the market facilities, which appear to be highly potent sources for the generation of revenue.     

Problems of co-ordination in upazila administration in Bangladesh

The present government of Bangladesh has extensively reformed the administrative system and upgraded the previous thana to upazila (sub-district) to serve as the focal point of development administration. A new tier of local government called Upazila Parishad (UZP) has been created and a large number of functions have been devolved to this institution along with the placement of central government employees at its disposal. The reformers argue that the present system will remove the inadequacies of the previous administrative system and will bring about an improvement in the co-ordination of field services at the upazila level. However, the actual situation represents a totally different picture. The desired integration— both vertical and horizontal—and co-ordination in local level planning is non-existent due to the absence of any clear direction from the central government. Proper co-ordination among the field services in the upazila administration does not exist due to the anomalous relation between the upazila and the national government, including excessive central control; the involvement of multiple agencies of the central government in guiding and supervising; ambiguity in government thinking; the absence of clarification from the ministries concerned and agencies on the timing of different development programmes; and conflict over the allocation of resources. There is also conflict between the different tiers of local government in respect of authority and resources. Relations between public representatives and officials at the upazila level are strained because a clear allocation of authority to political executives is lacking; areas for co-operation among different agencies have not been clarified; and public representatives and government officials lack mutual respect.     

中国政府全面质量管理系统的构建

全面质量管理是一门内涵丰富的管理哲学、管理思想,同时也是一种有效的管理技术和管理工具,全面质量管理在企业中的应用取得了重大成效,西方国家将全面质量管理应用于政府部门同样取得了明显的效果.中国同样具有推行政府全面质量管理的基础条件,通过开展政府全面质量管理的基础性工作,树立"顾客导向",建构政府内部持续改进机制,建立政府全面质量管理质量保证体系,将全面质量管理的管理理念和管理方法引入中国政府部门.构建中国政府全面质量管理系统,从而提高政府工作绩效和公众的满意度.     

An analysis of mechanisms used by CSOs in the promotion of community participation in governance in Kenya

Civil society organizations (CSOs) are often perceived to provide the magic bullet to complex societal problems including alternative approaches that ensure good governance. Fresh new research is therefore needed due to the prevailing paradox of escalating governance challenges in Kenya despite CSOs efforts to address the same. This paper specifically seeks to understand mechanisms that CSOs use as they seek to intervene in governance issues in Kenya. It links persistent poor governance happening at the counties to inadequate mechanisms used by CSOs. It argues that CSOs have not been bold enough to confront poor governance but, instead, have used superficial mechanisms with little outcomes. They have particularly focused on providing trainings and creating awareness and have shied away from more direct engagement with poor governance such as monitoring utilization of public funds. The study methodology involved a survey, focus group discussions, and in-depth face to face interviews. The tools used included a survey questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion guide and In-depth Interview guide. Among the recommendations are that CSOs need to go beyond creating awareness and trainings and engage with governance issues more directly using well-tried mechanisms.     

The Reform of the Local Administration in Spain in Terms of Population

Spanish Local Corporations are playing an increasingly important role in the provision of public services without reducing their function of consolidation and structuring of the current sociopolitical system. This reality implies an increase in their need of financial funds without new compensation resources. Also, there is a certain tendency to loose population in many counties along with a greater organic and territorial dispersion that accelerates their financial weakening. This makes necessary to find management alternatives ensuring the appropriate provision of local public services and thus the Local Corporation reform becomes an alternative. In this context, the present paper approaches the analysis and the results based upon a territorial balance criterion on the population and its distribution, aiming ultimately to design an indicator able to measure the need of the Spanish local government structure according to its population and the size of its municipalities. This indicator might measure the regional impact to any variation both in the distribution of its population and in the number of municipalities.     

全球化背景下经典文化教育的价值取向

全球化对我国教育的冲击是深刻的,经典文化教育是应对挑战所必需的选择之一。经典文化具有时代性、开放性和包容性,对成就一个人以及提高整个国民素质都有重要的意义与价值。经典文化教育在学校教育应有所作为。     

工科院校英汉双语教学中英语运用度

文中通过＂英语运用度＂这一指标对双语教学模式进行了划分,通过对在工科院校双语教学中的实际教学效果对比研究,对制约双语教学中英语应用度的各项因素进行了详细研究分析,阐述了工科教学时开展双语教学工作应解决的重要问题和解决问题的措施,并给出了＂英语运用度＂的最佳取值范围。