西伯利亚大铁路建设中的供应建筑材料之争

西伯利亚大铁路修建过程中需要大量水泥、钢轨及钢轨扣件等建筑材料,为此在欧俄和西伯利亚建筑材料工厂之间展开了激烈竞争。除乌拉尔、俄国南部和中央地区工厂外,西伯利亚工厂在铁路修建期间出现了前所未有的生铁产量高峰期。为西伯利亚大铁路供应建筑材料是俄国实现工业高涨的一个重要因素。     

朝鲜半岛与东北亚铁路运输网络连接

朝鲜半岛的军事对峙使得东北亚的铁路运输网络处于区段断绝状态，为了把朝鲜半岛铁路同亚欧大陆铁路网连接起来，目前大体有四条线路可供选择。从经济和技术层面看，选择“TKR—1＋中国东北铁路＋俄西伯利亚铁路”是最佳途径，但存在换装障碍；俄罗斯目前正积极向朝鲜、韩国推荐“TKR-3＋西伯利亚铁路”方案，以实现自身利益最大化；而朝鲜从自身安全考虑，坚持TKR-4的立场，可见，东北亚各国在铁路运输网络连接问题上产生了激烈的竞争。针对这种情况，中国政府和企业应对朝鲜铁路现代化进行积极投资，并对亚欧大陆桥中国路段进行更大力度的投资，同时，可以考虑构架另一条亚欧大陆桥。     

西伯利亚大铁路对俄国东部地区经济社会的影响

西伯利亚大铁路的修建使俄国东部地区的社会生活发生了显著变化。它促进了东部地区的移民，引发了两次移民运动的高潮；随着铁路的修建，东部地区的居民点数量大幅增加；西伯利亚大铁路管理局作出了在东部地区建立社会基础设施的尝试。     

俄苏学者对封建时期俄罗斯人占居西伯利亚问题的研究

俄罗斯人占居西伯利亚问题同征服西泊利亚问题密切相关，正是通过移民占居使“异族人”的西伯利亚逐步变成了俄国的组成部分，从而完成了对西伯利亚的最后征服。一、十月革命前时期的研究早在17世纪就有人注意到占居西伯利亚的历史问题。专制政体的拥护者IO·克里扎尼奇第一个提出在西伯利业殖民中政府的决定作用的观点。他称政府的政策是“驱逐人民到关厢去”①。18世纪的贵族史学认为存在两种占居外乌拉尔的形式：军事一政府的和实业的形式，其中第。种形式具有绝对决定的意义。r·。·米勒指出，征服西伯利亚汗国后追求“软黄金”——貂…     

复兴西伯利亚大陆桥:日本谋求大国利益的新视点

西伯利亚大陆桥是世界上最早的大陆桥,它不仅架起了横跨俄罗斯通向欧洲的桥梁,也成为促进日俄商务往来的重要通道,在20世纪70-80年代成就了日俄商贸发展史上的一段繁荣,赢得“日俄商务大动脉”之关誉。然而,俄罗斯经济转轨后,大陆桥铁路货物运输步入低迷期。经由西伯利亚大陆桥的日俄商务活动也经历了长达十年的停滞。普京总统上台后,俄罗斯经济全面恢复,东北亚各国利用西伯利亚大陆桥的铁路货物运输规模不断扩大。值此之际,日本国内复兴西伯利亚大陆桥的声音再度高起。     

俄罗斯东部交通运输战略

我非常感谢此次论坛的组织者对我的邀请,并感谢给我提供了此次发言的机会。顺便说一下,这是我第一次来到中国。我想向大家介绍的是俄罗斯东部地区的交通运输战略问题,主要涉及的是铁路和管道运输方面的战略问题。在我准备发言稿的过程中,安德烈·科尔茹巴耶夫给我提供了许多帮助,他也参加了此次论坛。早在120年前俄罗斯远东地区就开始修建铁路。1885年,第一条穿越乌拉尔至西伯利亚的铁路开始修建。20年后,也就是1905年包括中东铁路在内的西伯利亚大铁路开始运行。由赤塔至符拉迪沃斯托克的路段在中国境内基本被“取直”了。当时,哈尔滨作为…     

西伯利亚铁路委员会在俄国东部地区开发中的作用

西伯利亚铁路委员会成立于1892年，1905年结束其使命。在西伯利亚铁路委员会的领导下，西伯利亚大铁路的修建顺利展开。此外它还肩负着组织、安置移民，主持对俄国东部地区进行科学研究的重任。西伯利亚铁路委员会在19世纪末至20世纪初俄国东部地区开发中发挥了重要作用。     

西伯利亚大铁路：过去、现在、未来

东西走向的西伯利亚大铁路横穿亚洲大陆 ,是欧亚铁路中最长的一条 ,具有重要的政治和战略地位。它穿越俄亚洲部分所有最重要的经济区 ,保证西伯利亚与远东同俄亚洲部分所有最重要的经济区以及欧洲地区的直接联系。西伯利亚大铁路是复线铁路 ,全长约 1万公里 ,它西起莫斯科的雅罗斯拉夫火车站 ,东到符拉迪沃斯托克。它的 0— 1 777公里路段位于欧洲 ,1 778— 92 89公里路段位于亚洲。欧洲路段占铁路全长的 1 9.1 % ,而亚洲路段占 80 .9%。到 1 999年 1月 1日西伯利亚大铁路有886 8公里路段实现了电气化 ,占铁路总长的95.5%。其中 5990公里路…     

西伯利亚大铁路修建中机车供应状况述评

西伯利亚大铁路建设和运营需要大量机车，此时的俄国机车制造业正在迅猛发展。但由于俄政府的歧视政策，运往西伯利亚大铁路的机车总体数量少，新旧机车比例极不合理，旧机车常常超期服役，部分新机车不适合路况。在机车供应之争中，波罗的海地区机车生产厂家稳居首位，中央地区、南部地区的厂家也不甘示弱。机车辛迪加工厂在西伯利亚大铁路总供货中所占比例高达四分之三。西伯利亚大铁路在提高老牌机车制造厂的生产能力、推动俄国机车制造业技术进步等方面发挥了一定作用。     

有关俄罗斯的小资料

俄罗斯总面积１７０８万ｋｍ２．其亚洲部分面积为１３４０万ｋｍ２以上．占国家总面积的７９％；欧洲部分面积为３６０万ｋｍ２、占总面积的２１％左右。按地理范畴，通常把俄罗斯划分为３部分：欧洲部分３４７万ｋｍ２、乌拉尔地区１８６．５万ｋｍ２．西伯利亚和远东地区 １     

中东铁路与近代牡丹江地区城镇的兴起

牡丹江地区的城镇化是东北亚研究中的一个重要环节。中东铁路是区域城镇化的关键动力。在铁路带动下,人口大量集聚,土地、森林、矿产等多种自然资源得以开发,农、工、商业有了长足发展,为城镇经济增长奠定基础。同时,铁路货运量的增长又加速了商品的流通和贸易的发展,使区域商品市场得以建立,城镇亦随之兴起,并呈现出一些迥异于本区其他历史时段城镇化的特点。     

广西参与高铁经济带建设的策略分析

2014年年底广东、广西、贵州三省区将签署建设高铁经济带框架协议,高铁经济带建设正式来临;高铁是一柄双刃剑,既能给广西带来战略地位的提升、产业升级、推进开放发展等机遇,也可能导致广西资源人才流出加剧、竞争压力加大、被边缘化等挑战;广西必须正视高铁带来的正负影响,积极应对,围绕高铁站点加快城市建设,发挥好旅游资源优势促进旅游业升级发展,打造以高铁为引领的综合交通网,优化高铁沿线产业布局来推进产业升级发展,实施差异化特色化的发展策略来推进新型城镇化发展。特别是要在体制机制建设和改革创新方面敢于先行先试,要加大制度组织保障,加大政策优惠力度。     

Opinion Formation in Social Media: The Influence of Online News Dissemination on Facebook Posts

ABSTRACT

This study aims to explore the influence of online news dissemination on public opinion in social media and examine what factors determine the influence. Online news stories (N=51) from 37 sources and Facebook posts (N=317) on the construction of Africa’s first modern international railway line, the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway line, were retrieved between June and November 2017 for the period April 11, 2012 to November 30, 2017. Comparative content analysis of online news and Facebook posts revealed that there was positive correlation between frame repetition by news media and prevalence of the frame in social media opinion. The results showed that there were statistically significant associations in the presence of positive as well as negative frame tones between news articles and Facebook posts. However, the relationship in the use of neutral frame tone between news and opinion was not significant. Regarding composition, short news stories exert more influence on social media opinion than longer news articles, as indicated by negative correlation between news article length and its influence on opinion. Overall, the results suggest that online news dissemination strongly influences opinion formation in social media.     

俄罗斯铁路的改革与发展

随着俄罗斯铁路改革规划的推进,必将在俄罗斯的铁路系统引起巨大的变化。俄罗斯铁路通过政企分离,股份制改造,部分企业私有化,引入竞争机制,改善企业管理,提高经济效益,扩大融资渠道等,使俄罗斯铁路进入新的历史发展时期,并将在经济全球化进程中,更好地发挥国际铁路通道的作用。     

Translation in cross-cultural research: an example from Bolivia

Translation raises ethical and epistemological dilemmas inherent in cross-cultural research. The process of communicating research participants' words in a different language and context may impose another conceptual scheme on their thoughts. This may reinforce the hegemonic terms that Development Studies should seek to challenge. The article explores the idea that a reflexive approach to translation can not only help to overcome the difficulties involved in cross-cultural research, but also be a tool with which to deconstruct hegemonic theory. It addresses the epistemological and political problems in translation, techniques of translation, and the impact of translation on the author's own research, which is used to illustrate some of the ways in which translation can support deconstruction and highlight the importance of building a framework for talking with rather than for research participants.     

More than a token gesture: NGOs and trade unions campaigning for a common cause

With the passage of the 1999 Asylum and Immigration Act in the UK, a system of vouchers for all new asylum seekers was to be introduced from April 2000. These vouchers were widely regarded as iniquitous in that they discriminated against an already vulnerable sector of society. A unique coalition between two NGOs (Oxfam GB and the Refugee Council) and a trade union (the Transport and General Workers' Union—TGWU) led to a concerted campaign against the voucher scheme that included a range of media work, political lobbying, and public awareness raising. The voucher scheme was eventually scrapped. This article draws various practical lessons on how to develop successful collaborative relationships across different social sectors. The author concludes that the principal lesson is not that NGOs must work with trade unions, but that by working with others, united by a common goal, they can challenge injustice effectively and make a difference to people's lives.     

Measuring and comparing party ideology in nonindustrialized societies: taking party manifesto research to Africa

Despite a growing interest in African parties, no comparative analyses of African party manifestos have been undertaken to date. This study applies the Manifesto Research Group's (MRG/CMP) coding scheme to a complete set of manifestos in three countries. The study's main aim is to determine whether a research tool that has been seminal in the study of Western politics can be used to advance the study of political parties in nonindustrialized societies. In a first step, the article examines the extent to which African manifestos advance programmatic ideas. The results show great differences across parties and time. The study subsequently investigates how parties position themselves on a right–left spectrum; it further outlines which policy categories African parties stress most. Finally, it examines the stance of individual parties on specific policy issues. The study argues that the MRG coding scheme can contribute to a much more nuanced analysis of African parties.     

国际集装箱运输推动西伯利亚铁路运输发展

西伯利亚铁路国际集装箱运输近年来稳定增长,推进了西伯利亚铁路的基础设施的现代化建设。作为重要的欧亚大陆桥,西伯利亚铁路面临着其他线路的竞争和自身软硬件的不足等问题,同时也面临着重要的发展机遇。     

Economic and Security Interests in Southeast Asia

Despite worries that ASEAN is becoming weak, the organization remains as strong as it ever was, given the parameters of its design. Its member countries still tightly embrace the organization's principles, the “ASEAN way.” But simple adherence to those principles can be problematic. ASEAN countries, whose national economic and political interests collide, often appeal to the same principles to back their positions. That tends to pull ASEAN in different directions. Great power policies, particularly those of China and the United States, now exacerbate the situation. At the same time, ASEAN's reliance on multilateral consensus has made it difficult to reconcile real differences among its member countries or develop unified regional responses. That can be seen in issues from the Xayaburi dam on the Mekong River to the South China Sea. The ease with which ASEAN's principles can come into conflict and its consensus-driven decision- making can become deadlocked clearly marks the limits of the “ASEAN way.”