美国全球军事战略调整对亚太安全的影响

冷战结束以来,美国曾三次对海外驻军进行局部的、小规模的调整。“9·11”事件爆发后,美酝酿大规模军事调整。2004年8月16日,美国总统布什正式宣布,将在10年内完成对海外20万驻军和700个军事基地的重新部署,内容包括整编和关闭大型军事基地、增设小型军事基地和临时军事设施、重组军队结构、裁汰冗员、加强装备力量,等等。这次调整有三大特点:一是美战略重心出现     

安全维度转向:人的安全

人类安全观念正经历着急剧的变革,由联合国提出的“人的安全”新概念,打破了以国家为中心的传统安全观,预示着国际政治安全维度的人文转向。国家可能成为维护安全的主要手段,而不再是维护安全的最终目的。人的安全将人及其群体置于安全保障的核心,强调“免于匮乏”和“免于恐惧”的自由,保护人的生命和尊严不受侵犯。尽管人的安全这一概念现在还存有争议,但不容忽视的是,人的安全正在获得越来越多的国家和国际组织的支持和认同,并在外交实践中取得了显著进展。     

全球环境安全问题综述

工业文明发展积累到一定程度,工业增长与环境之间的矛盾就会日益突出。庞大工业机器的轰鸣运转为人们创造各种财富和便利的同时,也带来了各种污染和公害,许多不发达国家更是陷入贫困和环境恶化的双重困境。20世纪80年代始,人们逐渐意识到,气候异常、臭氧层损耗、生物多样性减少、     

Deterritorialisation: Reconceptualising Development in the Pacific Islands

Development, as an idea and an industry, is premised on the assumption that all states have the ability to raise the material wellbeing of citizens. For many this appears to be working but the ideal is problematic for a sub-set of the world's smallest countries: the Pacific Island states. These states have sought to develop conventional export trade-based economies but are disadvantaged in this, and in service sector development, by a combination of well-known factors, including resource bases, size and location. By default, migration has become a least-worst development option for many island peoples and governments, involving engagement with the periphery and contributing to income generation and poverty alleviation. This deterritorialisation presents an alternative to mainstream development theory and practice in its current state-centric form, and emphasises the emerging significance of non-state approaches to development.     

全球信息网络安全动向与特点

20 0 1年全球信息安全领域三大动向是 :黑客技术与病毒技术相结合使网络安全面临新的难题 ;防范网络恐怖攻击已成为国际社会关注的重点 ;“9·11事件”后美国加大打击网络恐怖活动的力度。三大动向也对我国信息网络安全保障提出了挑战。     

冷战后中俄战略关系的演进——以安全共同体为方向

冷战结束以来,中俄战略关系开始了由安全困境向安全共同体的结构性转变。这突出地表现在三个层面上:边界划定奠定了中俄战略合作的地缘之基、上合组织夯实了中俄战略合作机制之本、联手反霸塑造了中俄战略合作的全球之维。展望未来,在新安全观的引导下,中俄战略关系一定会更上一层楼。     

Avoiding Strategic Inertia: Enabling the National Security Council

The next Administration will want to examine the last 15 years of strategic performance to improve sound strategy options and to promote timely re-assessment and adaptation of approved policies and strategies. Building off of two recent studies of U.S. decisionmaking and policy implementation at the strategic level, this article examines proposals to enhance the quality of policy making and implementation oversight mechanisms at the National Security Council. Major recommendations are offered to improve interagency planning and the creation of an inter-agency community of national security professionals.     

Pursuing Security in Cyberspace: Strategic and Organizational Challenges

This article argues that the United States government should be acting rapidly to decrease the risks the country is running in cyberspace. While the private sector has a critical part to play in enhancing the country's cybersecurity posture, the government also has a necessary role. It is on the government's role that this article focuses. The article begins by discussing the characteristics of cyberspace. Next, the challenge of cybersecurity is explored through a risk management model that addresses, in turn, threats, vulnerabilities, and potential consequences. Finally, the article lays out some of the characteristics of an effective government response, which help to illuminate a few of the strategic and organizational challenges that will have to be overcome to improve the country's security in the cyber realm.     

The Global Strategic Picture in 2012

The international strategic landscape was highly volatile and complex in 2012, and there were a number of salient features worthy of special attention. These salient features will likely persist as basic trends of the global strategic picture in the coming five to ten years.     

人类安全:概念与内涵

该文对"人类安全"的概念与基本内涵做了系统梳理,分别介绍了联合国、人类安全委员会、各国政府和国际组织以及学术界对"人类安全"的不同理解和阐释,并归纳总结了国际社会围绕着联合国发展计划署的界定所展开的批评和辩护.作为非传统安全观的重要基石,"人类安全"所包纳的理念虽非首创,却是一种新的诉求、一个新的视角、一套整合的理念,是一个集大成的富有意义的概念,它综合体现了千百年来整个人类所崇尚的"以人为本"的博大情怀和孜孜以求的"天下大同"的终极目标.     

Analysis: Reconceptualising transitional justice: embedded and distanced justice

This article argues that transitional justice ranges from the very personal and local to the global and structural, spanning processes and outcomes, clear demands, compromises and contracts. It explores this diversity using the framework of ‘embedded justice’ and ‘distanced justice’, and the case studies of South Africa, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. The argument draws on Fletcher and Weinstein (2002) to argue that justice needs to be embedded within and to engage the communities, cultures and contexts of conflict. A recent article by Sieff and Vinjamuri (2002) is used to advocate decentralisation. Transitional justice debates have generally overlooked justice, and human rights, as manifest in political, economic and social processes whilst privileging the law, and dismissing the potential of locally generated and embedded justice. The article argues that achieving the correct balance requires a shedding of naïve faith in, and the transformation of, both local and international justice, and the contexts within which they operate, whilst seeking to build on their complementary capacities and legitimacies.     

The Global Strategic Situation in 2014: A Turbulent Year

The author considers that 2014 was a year of confusion and disorder. The world experienced a series of destabilizing events: global geopolitical tensions further intensified with the endless conflicts in Ukraine, the Islamic State emerged in force; West Africa saw an Ebola outbreak; and oil prices plummeted. We will not be able to extricate ourselves out of this chaos unless we can transform the existing flawed global order and rules. The U.S. and other big powers should take up more responsibilities and play a more constructive role in global governance.     

9/11 and Global Strategic Stability

In the past ten years since 9/11, terrorism has become a growing threat to international security, and to people’s lives and property. Increasing incidents of terrorism have underlined the fundamental structural flaws in the international system, showing that American hegemony has reached a certain limit. Not only have the major security concerns of the United States changed, but existing international strategic relations have also been shaken. This has directly affected global strategic stability.     

美国全球战略的重心转移

布什政府面对非传统威胁上升的严峻形势,调整了美国的全球战略。在新战略中,美虽未完全放弃推行了50多年的“遏制”战略,但由于恐怖主义威胁显现,今后相当长时期内难以再将主要矛头对准其他全球力量中心,而是要与其加强合作,应对非传统威胁。同时,美将纷繁复杂的国际问题简单化,提出“先发制人”或试图通过改变他国社会制度来实现反恐目标,这将给国际关系带来不确定因素。     

论当前国际军备控制与裁军形势

长期以来,国际军备控制机制得到国际上的广泛参与和普遍遵守,但由于种种原因,军控机制存在着严重的脆弱性和执行的复杂性。当前在军备控制领域,一方面是美国总统奥巴马无核武器的倡议在国际上引起强烈反应,另一方面是朝核、伊核问题前景扑朔迷离,核武器、核材料、核技术扩散形势严峻。此时,美俄两个核大国重启核裁军进程,促使其他核国家也为核裁军、保证核安全采取积极行动,形势有了转变。联合国安理会在促进国际军控、防止核扩散方面也可以有所作为。人们期待2010年的核不扩散条约取得成果。     

日本与印度:构筑"全球战略伙伴关系"

2007年8月21-23日,日本首相安倍晋三在近200人的企业代表团的陪同下,对印度进行了为期三天的访问,兑现了对印度50亿美元投资项目的承诺,并向印度提供了30多亿美元的低息官方发展援助贷款,受到了印方高规格的接待.