康德“自在之物”简论

在康德哲学中,“自在之物”一直是一个争论较多的概念。如何认识和评价它,迄今仍然众说纷纭,莫衷一是。弄清这个基本概念的含义,对于把握康德哲学的认识论、不可知论等一系列问题具有重要意义。 什么是康德的“自在之物”呢?首先,它是指独立于意识之外、作为感性来源的客观存在。康德在谈到“自在之物”时指出:“作为我们的感官对象而存在于我们之外的物是已有的”。“它意味着实在的对象的存在”。康德对于客观事物的存在,从来不加怀疑。他说:“‘先验’一词不是就我们的认识与物的关系而言,只是就它与认识能力     

康德人格概念的内涵演进及其哲学意义

在1781年前后，康德接受了理性心理学的人格概念，它有着两方面的规定：一是保持灵魂自身号数上同一的统觉的先验统一；二是意识到自身是同一的经验性实体。在《纯粹理性批判》第二版，康德强调人格性概念的实践运用，由此实现了人格概念的内涵从理论哲学向实践哲学的根本性转变。从《道德形而上学的奠基》到《实践理性批判》，康德除了进一步表明人格是以人格性作为自己的规定根据的这一思想外，还将人格概念置于不同的“关系”范畴下揭示出由一般实践理性向纯粹实践理性逐步进阶的自由范畴。到了《道德形而上学》，康德对人格概念的解释进入到“模态”的范畴层面，明确其实质就是“归责”。深入地把握人格概念的丰富内涵，对于准确理解康德哲学的实质无疑具有重要的理论意义。     

康德哲学的离散与交互：语言知性能力之派生

现代西方哲学一个重要的特点．在于将语言提升到非常重要的位置．各个哲学流派都很重视对语言的哲学考察，把语言哲学看作其他哲学学科的基础。同样地，作为德国古典哲学的奠基人，康德对后世的影响是重大的，康德哲学在西方哲学史上起着“承前启后”的作用。康德在其学说中认为语言更多地只属于人的知性能力引导下的人的产物，是次一级的．而不是与人的理性、知性、感性能力一样被当作一种原初的能力。本文尝试发掘康德的语言观，并从康德语言哲学与当代语言哲学的离散与交互这个角度进行解读康德语言哲学的强大生命力。希望能对欧洲大陆的语言哲学研究有所启发和裨益。     

马克思主义哲学变革的真实意蕴

马克思主义哲学从根本上异质于传统哲学,扬弃了实体主义的理论范式,建构了对作为内在性之主体性的实践根基。在这个意义上,马克思主义哲学的革命性变革才是可能的。康德先验哲学“哥白尼式革命”的主旨是反实体主义的思维方式,但为一次不成功的尝试。黑格尔哲学强调思想不仅是纯粹思维,而且是对象性事物的自身,向后倒退回至前康德的形而上学。马克思的实践唯物主义承续了康德的努力,初腾哲学运思之全新地平线。     

论康德先验论中的革命因素

康德哲学超出前人学说之上的哲学创见便是他的先验论。康德先验论是在欧洲唯理论和经验论哲学基础之上产生出来的一种具有哲学革命意义的“批判哲学”。强调主体的认识形式、结构、自身及其在认识过程中的能动作用,由阐述先验逻辑而将辩证法引入认识论领域,揭示认识的普遍必然性同人的社会性的关系,是康德先验论中的革命因素。     

浅谈康德之“图型”说

本文通过对于康德哲学系统中的核心概念——“图型”的分析与阐述,阐明了“图型”说沟通了感性与知性领域、实现了感性经验向先天综合知识的转化的重要意义,并以“图型”说为切入点,阐释了康德的先验哲学体系在哲学发展史上的变革性意义.     

从哲学到哲思——中国哲学对哲学当代存在形态的启示

哲学的存在形态问题是关涉如何理解和研究哲学的重要问题。在西方传统哲学“终结”之后哲学将以何种形式存在？西方现代与后现代哲学给出了一些回答，但这些回答尚未形成共识。中国传统哲学的“蕴含性”存在形态对于理解当代哲学的存在形态问题具有深刻的启示意义。对于这种启示，通过考察传统哲学的词性，可以形成一种新的理解：哲学将以“哲思”的形态存在。     

论休谟对康德的影响

从康德哲学的思想来源看,休谟对康德哲学的产生起了至关重要的作用。休谟哲学是康德哲学的出发点,休谟的因果经验是康德哲学的星星之火,休谟哲学的提示打破了康德的教条主义迷梦,使康德走向批判哲学的成功之路。     

论马克思主义实践哲学对亚里士多德主义与康德主义的超越

20世纪晚近以来,亚里士多德主义与康德主义的双峰对峙构成了西方政治哲学的主流话语。在前者看来,人类实践的依据是绝对化的“共同体”,这是一种思辨的客体形而上学;在后者看来,为人类实践立法的是先验的“自我”,这是一种先验的主体形而上学。无论前者还是后者,由于它们都在实践之外预设了一个实体化的本体（“共同体”或“自我”）,造成了主体与客体的截然两分,因此都不是真正的实践哲学。而按照马克思主义的观点,实践法则既非来自亚里士多德式的“共同体”,亦非康德式的“自我”,而是来自于人类的对象性活动。以这种实践观为基础,马克思主义重构了人类社会的本体性存在,创建了真正的实践哲学。这种实践哲学扬弃了人与世界之间的二元对立,克服了传统本体论哲学（亚里士多德主义与康德主义）所造成的客体与主体、共同体与自我之间对立的理论弊端,从而能为两者的当代传人社群主义与自由主义之间自上个世纪晚近以来悬而未决的论争提供一种可能的解决方案。     

论康德实践理性“二律背反”的由来和解决

论康德实践理性“二律背反”的由来和解决温纯如“二律背反”作为康德哲学的辩证法对人类辩证思维的发展曾起到巨大的作用。如果说康德纯粹理性的“二律背反”揭示了人类理性本身产生矛盾的必然性，把辩证法引入认识领域；而实践理性的“二律背反”揭示出道德与幸福的矛盾...     

NUMBERS

正1.98 mln units China’s auto production in May,down 4.4 percent from April6 mln Number of highemission vehicles that China plans to remove from roads in 2014 to reduce pollution3.85 mln tons Amount of carbon emission quotas that     

Beijing Embraces APEC 2014

正On November 5-11,China hosts in Beijing the 2014 APEC Economic Leaders’Week,including the Concluding Senior Offi cials’Meeting,the 26th APEC Ministerial Meeting,and the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting.During the Leaders’Week,China also hosts the APEC CEO Summit,APEC Business Advisory Council Dialogue with Leaders,and Leaders’spouse programs.     

Shanghai–Asia's City of Style

正AT Paris Fashion Week Fall/Winter 2014-2015 in March,Chinese celebrities fitted out in gorgeous gowns featuring Eastern fashion styles attracted much kudos.As China advances further onto the world stage,Shanghai is leading the fashion charge.U.S.-based Global     

Sino-Swiss FTA Pushes Bilateral Relations to New Heights

正CHINA and Switzerland signed in July 2013 the Free Trade Agreement(FTA)in Beijing,so marking the culmination of more than two years of negotiations and legal processes.The f irst free trade pact between China and a country in continental Europe,the agreement came officially into effect on July 1,2014.China Today held an exclusive interview with David Braun,head of the Economic,Financial and Commercial Section of the Embassy of Switzerland in China,to discuss the FTA in greater depth.China Today:What is the signif icance of the FTA for     

A Change of Game Plan

正The low-price strategy is losing ground in China’s home appliance market while industrial upgrade offers the only way out By Zhou XiaoyanAt midnight on April 14,over 2,000 an-gry workers of Galanz Group,a homeappliance maker,violently smashedeverything in the canteen,workers’dormitory,production lines and supermarkets in a Galanz     

INFORMATION

正Business Lunch at Barolo For a tasty change of pace during your busy day,why not stop by and enjoy a leisurely lunch at our snazzy eatery Barolo?It’s the perfect place to meet with friends,work colleagues and business associates.Whet your midday appetite with our traditional antipasto buffet,followed by a main course of your choice from the selection of     

China's CSR on the Global Market Fast Track——An Interview with Xu Zongxiang,vice president of China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corporation Limited(CSR)

正IN mid-December,the last round of procurements of tramcars and subway trains in China’s mainland for 2013 was completed alongside the release of the bid result for trains for the northern extension of Shanghai Metro’s Line 11.China South LocomotiveRolling Stock Corporation Limited(CSR),the larg-     

Economic Transformation through Industrial Restructuring

ON the morning of November 24,2013,the Hebei provincial government took action to demolish 10 shaft furnaces and 16 converters at eight steel and iron plants in Tangshan,Handan and Chengde,reducing the overcapacity of iron production by 4.56 million tons and steel production by 6.8 million tons.Prior to this,by the end of October 2013,the province had cut down on steel and iron overcapacity by 2.38 million tons.Steel and iron has long been a pillar industry for the Chinese economy;however,it has become common practice to cut down overcapacity of the industry.The government work report released at the First Session of the 12th National People’s Congress explicitly stated that efforts should be made to promote the transformation of the nation’s economic growth mode and accelerate industrial restructuring.Structural adjustment to the steel and iron industry now epitomizes China’s wider economic transformation.     

Government Consults Legal Counsel

正Various departments hire advisors to ensure rule of law By Wang Hairong Guo Xiaomin,deputy chief of Chongchuan District of Nantong,east China’s Jiangsu Province,has formed a habit of consulting the district government’s legal advisor before approving documents.     

Stemming the Slump

正In a bid to boost the sagging housing market,China has relaxed lending rules for home buyers By Zhou XiaoyanWang xingli is a realtor in Beijing.Instead of resting during the seven-day National Day holiday(October 1-7),he followed a jam-packed schedule spent bustling