ASP动态网站信息电子取证方法

本文综述了对于asp类型网站的电子取证知识及应用技术。分别从ASP网站结构、IIS信息及日志文件的获取、网站文件内容的取证、后台数据库信息的获取几个方面展开进行介绍。     

信息时代下的预防性保全证据公证

一、保全证据公证的先天优势 预防性保全证据公证主要是通过计算机获取并保全电子证据。是保全证据公证的一种。目前，关于计算机取证尚无统一定义．计算机取证方面著名专家和权威人士Judd Robbins对计算机取证做如下界定：“计算机取证不过是将计算机调查和分析技术应用于对潜在的、有法律效力的证据的确定和获取。”取证专家Reith Clint Mark认为计算机取证是“从计算机中发现证据的技术和工具”。     

论“电子警察”取证的合法性

电子警察是道路交通管理部门用以获取道路交通违法行为信息，获取违法证据的交通技术监控设备。在目前电子警察广泛运用的同时，电子警察记录、固定违法行为证据是否具有合法性．尚没有形成广泛的共识。本文首先分析了电子警察取证的特征、与交通警察取证的区别，以及交通警察取证的本质；其次。论证了电子警察的法律地位，提出电子警察是交通管理部门设置、代表交通管理部门、代替交通警察记录、固定交通违法行为证据的拟制人的观点；最后从电子警察取证的法律依据、取证的形式、取证的种类以及程序方面论述了电子警察取证的合法性。     

构建我国计算机仿真取证标准的思考

得益于虚拟仿真技术的发展,计算机仿真取证目前已在我国悄然兴起,其可以很大程度上弥补传统静态取证证据获取能力之不足,但由于适用环境条件不成熟,仿真取证的司法应用问题一直未能解决。有鉴于此,从技术、法律和程序三个方面分析了仿真取证司法应用过程中亟待解决的问题,同时对仿真取证的法律、技术和程序标准的内容进行了系统构思。     

民法学视野中的非法取证行为

非法取证行为是指有权调查收集证据的公安司法官员违反法定程序，使用违法手段获取证据的行为。本文从非法取证行为中主体的“过错”分析，民法理念看非法取证行为的举证责任分配，程序性靠寸裁与“不当得利”等三个方面，以民法学为视角论述了非法取证行为。     

视频取证技术研究进展

由于近年来多媒体采集设备和影像处理工具的普及和广泛应用,人们可以轻易对图像和视频进行篡改。利用恶意篡改的图像和视频进行敲诈勒索的案件日益增多,判断监控系统拍摄或者网上下载的图像和视频的原始性和真实性成了迫切需要解决的问题。之前的研究工作多集中在图像取证领域,对视频取证的研究近几年刚刚开始。和图像相比,视频数据量大,数据格式复杂,存储压缩因子高,对取证算法的计算要求高;不过,由于视频在编码方式、时空特性、篡改手段上都有着鲜明的特点,视频取证有更为丰富的研究内容和更为广阔的应用前景。研究人员利用视频采集和压缩编码过程中的特性,以及篡改手段带来的痕迹,对视频篡改检测方法进行了相关探索,取得了一些成果。先前的综述文献大都集中在图像取证领域,只有少数细节涉及到视频取证分析,本文对视频取证技术进行了综述。鉴于某些图像取证技术可用于视频单帧图像取证分析,本文第一部分首先介绍了图像取证相关技术如相机参数、压缩和物理几何不一致取证等。接着对已经提出的视频取证技术,按照采集、压缩和篡改方式进行分类,对它们的原理和优缺点进行了综述,并对反取证技术的相关研究工作进行了介绍。第二部分重点介绍视频采集过程以及辨识视频采集设备的一些方法。第三部分对因编码参数、编码标准以及压缩次数等视频编码过程的不同而遗留的痕迹进行了探讨。第四部分将介绍基于检测视频采集和编码痕迹不一致的取证分析方法,以及揭示篡改遗留痕迹的方法。图像视频压缩检测取证方法的发展始终伴随着相应反取证方法的研究,因此第五部分对视频反取证方法做了介绍。视频取证已经逐渐成为一个研究热点,得到越来越多的研究和关注,仍有许多未知的领域等待更加深入的研究和探索。     

移动电话电子数据获取及取证分析

移动电话装载了大量电子数据,这些数据往往成为查找犯罪线索、发现犯罪、证明犯罪的重要证据来源。本文将就移动电话电子数据取证进行研究,探讨移动电话的电子数据获取和取证分析的方法和程序。     

论行政程序中的秘密取证

秘密取证是行政执法机关在公开取证难以实现的情况下,获取证据材料,了解事实真相,维护行政相对方合法权益的重要手段。它产生和存在于行政法治实践,并且符合现代行政法的价值追求。为了准确适用秘密取证,必须科学分析其概念、特征和功能,掌握秘密取证的界限,并注意把握秘密取证与相关法律规定的关系。     

论计算机犯罪中电子证据的界定及取证规则

计算机犯罪中的证据可以看作是传统证据内容与电子化表现形式的统一。在计算机犯罪证据取证过程中存在着关键证据获取、合理取证、证据综合提取、证据保存等问题，针对这些问题，有必要进一步完善电子证据取证的一般原则和具体规则。     

浅论数字取证及其发展趋势

数字取证涉及法学、刑事侦查学和计算机科学等学科,因而要从这些不同学科的角度及其互相关系等方面进行研究。数字取证研究的内容包括数字取证技术、数字取证程序及规范、数字取证法律。本文介绍了数字取证的概念及特点,分析了数字取证的现状,并对数字取证技术进行了重点描述,最后总结了数字取证的发展趋势。     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of phosphorus species in clandestine methamphetamine laboratory samples

The clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine is a spreading epidemic. Manufacturing methods are constantly changing, necessitating the implementation of new analytical tools to identify materials from these labs. Characterization of phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite ions is necessary to distinguish the various phosphorus-iodine manufacturing methods that are popular methods for reducing pseudoephedrine to methamphetamine. This work describes a capillary electrophoresis method to separate acetate, azide, bromide, carbonate, chlorate, chloride, chromate, fluoride, hypophosphite, iodide, nitrate, nitrite, perchlorate, phosphate, phosphite, sulfate, sulfite, and thiocyanate. The CElixerOA 8.2 dynamic coating system was modified by lowering the capillary temperature to 15 degrees C and using an acid flush between runs to remove adsorbed materials. This allows detection of ions down to between 10 and 30 parts per million with percent relative standard deviations of normalized migration times under 0.1%. This method is a valuable tool for the characterization of phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite in routine analysis of clandestine methamphetamine manufacturing evidence and has a broader application in other areas of forensic analysis.     

The Role of Fantasy in a Serial Sexual Offender: A Brief Review of the Literature and a Case Report

Abstract: Extensive research has attempted to elucidate the role of fantasy in sexual offending. In this paper, the authors summarize the main results of the literature, especially the contents, themes, dynamics, etiopathogenesis, and potential functions of fantasy in sexual offending. Further, the authors analyze the case of a serial sexual offender who assaulted 39 women. The forensic‐psychiatric assessment revealed that his fantasies of forced sex, sexual coercion, and dominance, which were linked to narcissistic personality organization and functioning, were the primary drive mechanism in his crimes, because he imagined himself in the role of the aggressor, identified with the power associated with the role of perpetrator, and was sexually aroused by such images of omnipotent control of the victim. In conclusions, the authors suggest that fantasies of sexual aggression, coercion, and dominance of women may stimulate grandiosity and omnipotence and, in a minority of cases, may lead to sexual offending.     

A Retrospective Study of the Investigation of Homicidal Childhood Asphyxial Deaths

As one of the leading causes of traumatic deaths in newborns, infants, and young children, there is no anatomic or microscopic feature that is pathognomonic for asphyxial deaths. Instead, pathologists rely on investigation information, including confessions and/or witness statements, and potential evidence at the scene. Twenty cases of homicidal newborn, infant, and young children asphyxial deaths were reviewed, which included death and police investigation reports and autopsy reports, as well as histology slides of lung sections. This series of homicidal asphyxial deaths highlight that, in a vast majority of such cases, the final cause and manner of death rulings are dependent on confession by the perpetrator. Furthermore, this series highlights the possible role of histology to help forensic pathologists better certify asphyxial deaths. Finally, this series emphasizes important investigation points and considerations at autopsy during the investigation of asphyxial deaths in newborns, infants, and young children.     

人权与公民权之异同

人权和公民权是两个关系非常密切的概念,它们既有相同之处,又有细微差别。它们的共同点表现为:起源相同,社会基础和制约条件相同,内容基本相同,价值取向和理论基础相同。它们的区别体现在:主体不完全相同,适用范围不同,属性不同,表达方式的差异,实施和监督机制的差异,救济途径的差异。     

The effects of four different solvent vapours on the restoration of obliterated stamp markings from five different wooden surfaces

The stamp markings on wooden surfaces, which are placed on trees and products including antiques, indicate the status of trees and involve identifying data regarding the products. Such markings are obliterated either to facilitate illegal logging or to conceal product information. Despite the wide literature on the restoration of obliterated characters on metal and polymer surfaces, the recovery of defaced characters on wooden surfaces appears to be understudied. Several reference texts in the forensic marks’ examination literature suggest that water, water vapor, and alkaline solutions are useful in restoring the abraded markings on the wood. Since there does not seem to be any experimental study proving such success, this study aimed to fill this gap. This study conducted experimental research by using water, ethanol, ammonia, and chloroform to recover the scraped characters on samples obtained from walnut, beech, spruce, oak, and cedar trees. The cold-stamped characters, which were defaced at varying depths, were restored using vapor and liquid phases of four solvents. While the vapor phases of water, ethanol, and ammonia yielded good outcomes on all types of wooden surfaces, the liquid phases did not seem to be useful in the revisualization process. The response of the vapors, which varied between 62 and 220 s, depended on the type of wood. The restoration technique developed in this research offers the possibility of on-site usage, easy application, utilization of low-cost solvents, rapid recovery, and effectiveness on various wooden surfaces. Overall, the restoration methodology used in this research appears to be fruitful in retrieving identifying information on wooden samples.     

江苏现代化的目标和进程

本文从江苏省具体情况出发,设计了包含经济发展、经济结构、基础设施、人口素质和生活质量５个方面的现代化指标体系,并以此为标准,对江苏省现代化进程作出分析、判断,提出在２０２０年全面实现现代化的三个阶段性目标。在此基础上,提出了江苏省实现现代化目标的４大战略,即国际化战略、科教兴省战略、区域共同发展战略和经济市场化战略     

社会转型期俄罗斯的公共所有权制度——兼论公共所有权与私人所有权的制度关系

上世纪90年代以来形成的俄罗斯公共所有权制度,在其主体、客体、权能、实现路径,及其调整社会生活范围、比重等方面,都经历了与社会转型同步的变迁。其中的重要线索是：在延续公共财产民法整体调整传统方法的前提下,围绕实现公共利益的根本目标,回应公共财产客体功能的特殊性及由此产生的法律调整方法特殊性要求,吸收与改造了大陆法国家“公产”与“私产”二分体制,构建了由俄罗斯特色的公共所有权向私人所有权循序过渡的类型序列。     

Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines V: Determination of the variability of the optimised method

This paper is the fifth in a series of six in relation to the development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamine [L. Aalberg, K. Andersson, C. Bertler, H. Borén, M.D. Cole, J. Dahlén, Y. Finnon, H. Huizer, K. Jalava, E. Kaa, E. Lock, A. Lopes, A. Poortman-van der Meer, E. Sippola, Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines I. Synthesis of standards and compilation of analytical data, Forensic Sci. Int. 149 (2005) 219-229; L. Aalberg, K. Andersson, C. Bertler, M.D. Cole, Y. Finnon, H. Huizer, K. Jalava, E. Kaa, E. Lock, A. Lopes, A. Poortman-van der Meer, E. Sippola, J. Dahlén, Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines II. Stability of impurities in organic solvents, Forensic Sci. Int. 149 (2005) 231-241]. The third paper [K. Andersson, K. Jalava, E. Lock, L. Aalberg, Y. Finnon, H. Huizer, E. Kaa, A. Lopes, A. Poortman-van der Meer, M.D. Cole, J. Dahlén, E. Sippola, Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines III. Development of the gas chromatographic method, Forensic Sci. Int., in press] dealt with the optimisation of the gas chromatographic and detection methods whereas the fourth paper [K. Andersson, K. Jalava, E. Lock, Y. Finnon, S. Stevenson, L. Aalberg, H. Huizer, E. Kaa, A. Lopes, A. Poortman-van der Meer, M.D. Cole, J. Dahlén, E. Sippola, Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines IV. Optimisation of sample preparation, Forensic Sci. Int., in press] concerned the optimisation of the extraction method prior to GC analysis. This paper is a study of the optimised method in order to determine its stability. Investigations of within and between day variations were carried out in four laboratories. Moreover, variations between laboratories were also determined. Both flame ionisation detector (FID) and MS detection were used. One laboratory studied nitrogen-phosphorous detector (NPD) detection as well. For this task, 12 batches of amphetamine were prepared. Six of them were synthesised via the Leuckart route, three via the nitrostyrene route and three via the reductive amination route [A.M.A. Verweij, Impurities in illicit drug preparations: amphetamine and methamphetamine, Forensic Sci. Rev. 1 (1989) 2-11]. Taking into account all studied target compounds and the average results from four laboratories, the within day variation was around 6% for FID and 5% for MS, the between days variation was around 10% for FID and 8% for MS. For NPD detection, within day variation was 5% and between days variation 9% (only one laboratory). Finally, the inter-laboratory variation was about 12% for FID (four laboratories) and 10% for MS (three laboratories).     

‘Legal Critique’: Elements for a Genealogy

While teachers and students of law tend to take for granted that critical legal campaigning originates in the late 20th century, many historians suggest that the summons of law and its state of accusation before the tribunal of critique dates back to the days of the Enlightenment. I am arguing, in contrast, that, in the West, the history of legal critique is by no means shorter than the history of law; that Western legal evolution embraces and supposes anti-legalism or ‘antinomianism’ since the days of early Christianity and throughout; that, conversely, an adequate assessment of Christianity must stress its character as an anti-institutional, anti-legal, and anti-religious campaign; that the standard view of Humanism, Enlightenment, and Modernity, which tends to foreground their antagonism to Christian institutions and to deny their nature as instantiations of the Christian campaign, misses the crucial point both about them and about Christianity (and, implicitly at least, about geopolitics); that key concepts of political modernity thrust their roots, not only and not most importantly into Political Theology, but rather into Saint Paul’s legal ‘new deal’; that, far from giving rise, as intended, to a deactivation of law, Paul’s action has resulted, instead, in the interlinking build-up of a militant denial of law on the one hand, and an emerging intensification of law on the other hand. Let the reader be warned that the article strings together a bouquet of snap-shots from a work in progress.