刑法中义务冲突的解决

解决义务冲突应先将刑法中的义务与刑法中的利益严格区别开来,义务冲突绝不等同于利益冲突,因此不能以衡量利益大小的利益基准来衡量义务等级的高低.在刑法规范层面,应当基于义务基准来衡量义务和解决义务冲突,而这有赖于在刑法价值维度对秩序价值优先的坚持.     

试析我国宪法中的言论自由在刑法中的规制

本论文试图评析我国现行刑法对表达自由的规制和保护的现状,并得出结论认为我国刑法没有很好的贯彻言论自由的保护精神.第一,从在现行刑法的425个个罪中,挑选出47个与表达自由相关的个罪.第二,确定评价的精神和具体原则.第三,得出结论认为我国刑法没有很好的贯彻言论自由的保护精神.     

包容性刑事法治国之构建与提倡——刑事法治国基本模式之冲突与出路

刑事法治国包含形式的刑事法治国与实质的刑事法治国。两者的冲突体现为刑法规范的可预测性或安定性与刑法规范的妥当性之间的对立,并在中国的刑事立法与司法两方面展开,成为法治国建构中的最大难题。对于形式的与实质的刑事法治国的取舍问题,不可过于置重其一,而应采取以形式法治国为主、实质法治国为辅的两者兼并吸收的包容性刑事法治国模式。在坚持形式正义优先和形式合理性的前提下,以实质正义为价值基础对刑法规范进行合目的性的实质解释,以此为基点,在中国的刑事立法与司法层面展开刑事法治国的建构。     

论《决定》与《刑诉法》第120条之冲突适用

全国人大常委会《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》,确立了我国司法鉴定管理的有关基本制度,是规范我国司法鉴定的最新法律。它实际上废止了《刑诉法》)第120条关于重新鉴定的规定。但有的司法人员、省级政府指定医院对此仍存在不同认识。应从法理上讨论《决定》与《刑诉法》第120条的冲突与适用。     

我国刑事司法中法律评价与道德评价的冲突论

本文从刑事法律与道德的一般关系出发,阐述了刑事司法中法律评价与道德评价的关系,认为道德评价对司法人员的法律评价存在着一定的影响;文章分析了刑事司法中的法律评价与道德评价冲突的原因和方式,认为刑事法律评价与道德评价的冲突实质上是法律文化与道德文化的冲突,这种冲突在我国司法实践中有三种不同的表现方式;文章同时分析了司法实践中对于刑事法律评价与道德评价冲突的二种不同的协调方式及其利弊。     

民间借贷融资中民刑交叉适用的冲突与协调

金融犯罪案件多涉及民刑交叉问题,采用“先刑后民”原则往往容易忽视当事人的意思自由及处分权,对民事争议中的私权完全不重视。导致附带民事诉讼的审理“过场化”。基于私人财产权优先的学理基础,金融领域民刑交叉案件中的“民商先行”既为了加强对金融民商实体法的运用．更为了缓和金融刑法重刑主义。赋予民间借贷融资中贷款人诉讼选择权。让贷款人在刑事诉讼之前选择是否适用民事诉讼,即实行“先民后刑”。对于民间借贷融资中的民刑交叉适用,应当秉持刑法具有的内敛品格,实现从金融违法行为的“刑法依赖”到“非刑法依赖”的转变。     

Ambiguity and Conflict in the Implementation of Evidence Law in Criminal Matters: a Study of the United Arab Emirates Jurisprudence

Due the lack of the law of evidence in criminal matters in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), it is important to address the issue of the rules of evidence in the UAE where Sharia criminal law is applied along with enacted law of Criminal Procedural Law. The courts’ decisions contradicted each other because of the differences of opinions among the law schools exist in Islamic law in one hand and between the Sharia criminal law and enacted law in the other hand. Further, the Criminal Procedural Law does not state the rules of evidence in clear manner to judges and individuals. The lack of stated rules and procedures and what evidence could be accepted and what cannot are not definite in the UAE legal system. The article will argue that because of the differences in the opinions related to the admission and acceptance of the evidences exist among the Islamic law schools and between the Sharia law and enacted law, the court decisions have contradicted each other and create ambiguities in the field of the evidence in criminal law. The Islamic jurists have different opinions about evidence in fornication crimes, Qasama evidence in qisas, and women and non-Muslim testimonies. Such differences affect the Union Supreme Court decisions. Therefore, the UAE legislator must enact the law of evidence in criminal matters in order to reduce the contradiction between judges’ opinions, clear ambiguities, and protect individual rights as it did with civil and commercial matter.     

暴力与屠杀:刑法上的“敌人”还是刑法上的“不人道”

法律对屠杀问题的回应,始终在两种模式之间徘徊:一种是以国家刑法为给养来源的刑法上的敌人模式,另一种是源于国际刑法的刑法上的不人道模式。后者更适合屠杀的定性标准,它暗示了在大量死难者面前,对人性的否定。建立刑法上的不人道模式需要回应三个方面的问题:第一,罪的含义;第二,归责;第三,惩罚的实质。首先,根据《国际刑事法院规约》第7条,我们至少可以认为反人道模式中被保护的人性包含着两个相辅相成的要素:每个人的特殊性,以及每个人都平等地归属于人类共同体。其次,在归责问题上,我们不能满足于只制裁处于权力链条最顶端的人,还必须考虑等级体系的所有级别。最后在惩罚实质上,我们不仅要在刑罚制裁上考虑惩罚的本质,而且还需要从修复以及协商的角度看待这一问题。文章最后指出,刑法上的不人道模式成为一个可以实现的、普世的理想,尚需国际法与国内法的合作以及各个学科之间的协力。     

The Case for a Rational Reconstruction of Consent in Criminal Law

This article argues for consistency in criminal law and the need for 'rational reconstruction' of the law where necessary to achieve this. It focuses Parliament's failure to respect the need for consistency by passing a statutory definition of consent in the Sexual Offences Act 2003 which appears to apply only to sexual offences. As a result, the law on consent risks being a patchwork of statute and ad hoc case law, without any overarching principle to deal with new situations and different offences. The consequent lack of certainty, accessibility, predictability and fairness is compared to the standards of the European Convention on Human Rights. The statutory definition of consent in the context of the sexual offences is assessed critically as a model which could be used in offences against the person and property offences. The article concludes that until Parliament responds to the need for certainty and consistency by legislating on consent, there can be no rational reconstruction of consent under the Sexual Offences Act 2003.     

新《律师法》与《刑事诉讼法》的立法性冲突及化解路径——兼论我国法律适用规则的完善

新<律师法>与<刑事诉讼法>存在立法性冲突,导致新<律师法>施行后的执法性报复.学术界和实务界对新<律师法>的法律效力见解不一.根据<宪法>、<立法法>等规定,全国人大与其常委会的关系不能成为确定新<律师法>与<刑事诉讼法>法律位阶关系之根据.全国人大与其常委会不属于<立法法>中的同一机关,但"视为"同一机关具有现实合理性.全国人大常委会法制工作委员会对新<律师法>法律效力的答复存在形式上的不妥当性与内容上的不合法性.应通过个案解决的立法技术以及法律适用规则的完善,为新<律师法>与<刑事诉讼法>的立法性冲突提供解决对策,也为国内法律冲突提供制度化化解路径.     

Reclaiming Fundamental Principles of Criminal Law in the Darfur Case

According to the authors, the Report of the UN Commission ofInquiry on Darfur and the Security Council referral of the situationin Darfur to the International Criminal Court (ICC) bring tolight two serious deficiencies of the ICC Statute and, moregenerally, international criminal law: (i) the systematic ambiguitybetween collective responsibility (i.e. the responsibility ofthe whole state) and criminal liability of individuals, on whichcurrent international criminal law is grounded, and (ii) thefailure of the ICC Statute fully to comply with the principleof legality. The first deficiency is illustrated by highlightingthe notions of genocide and genocidal intent, as well as thatof joint criminal enterprise. The second is exposed by drawingattention to the uncertainties and ambiguities surrounding suchnotions as recklessness and dolus eventualis, and in additionto the frequent reliance in both international case law andthe legal literature on customary international law and looseconcepts such as proportionality. The authors finally pointout that if the ICC tries to operate as a real criminal courtunder the rule of law and shows sensitivity to the rights andinterests of the accused, US fears of politicized prosecutionwill diminish.     

论刑法适用上的个案解释

刑法的适用离不开法官对刑法的具体解释,这种适用时,法官根据刑法的规定结合具体案件作出的解释我们叫它个案解释。研究个案解释的性质、原则、效力及影响法官进行刑事案件个案解释的因素等问题。     

防治"非典"中适用刑法存在的法律冲突

在防治非典中,对传染病防治法第35条所列行为,医疗保健人员、国家机关工作人员、政府卫生行政部门工作人员的严重玩忽职守行为在适用刑法时所存在的法律冲突,并分别提出解决这些冲突的建议。     

Religious Motivated Hate Crimes: Reporting to Law Enforcement and Case Outcomes

Relative to non-bias motivated crimes, hate crimes have much graver consequences for victims and their community. Despite the large increase in religious hate crimes over the past decade relative to all other hate crime, little is known about these types of crimes and the factors associated with both reporting to law enforcement and case outcomes. Utilizing the National Crime Victimization Survey and National Incident-Based Reporting System datasets, this study examines the relationship between victim, offender, and incident characteristics on reporting to law enforcement and case outcomes. Most religious hate crimes are not reported (41.3 %) in part due to perceptions of law enforcement’s perceived response. Of the violent incidents that are reported, the vast majority do not result in the arrest of an offender (22.2 %). Whereas only a small number of variables related to the seriousness of the offense are associated with both reporting and arrest, these exhibited large effect sizes.     

建立刑事诉讼中证人免证特权制度之探微

证人免证特权制度的建立有其利弊。无论我国古代的法律制度还是世界上多数国家均规定有这项制度。出于“两利相较取其重,两害相较取其轻”的价值权衡,在我国刑事诉讼中建立证人免证制度,并结合我国的具体司法实践,去其弊、取其利,在追求法律公正的同时,维护社会的平衡和稳定。     

Religious Tolerance and Freedom in Continental Europe

The author analyses the problems faced by Continental Europe's legal systems as a result of the appearance of the so-called new religious movements. He is of the opinion that the expected change towards the achievement of full legal neutrality regarding the religious phenomena cannot be based on the sole assumption that each and every religion deserves protection. In fact, he considers that any system of equality should be aimed at protecting the legitimate expression of the individual's free will; that is to say, neither a particular religion nor all of them, but the person considered as a citizen, regardless of whether he believes or not.     

从“黄碟案”看刑法的界限

“轰动一时的“黄碟案”虽然落幕,但是该案所涉及的法律问题并没有全部解决,仍然吸引着人们的视线.新浪网进行的网上调查显示,13972人就“夫妻在家看黄碟是否违法”发表了意见,其中13343人(占95.5％)认为“不违法”,367人(占2.63％)认为“违法”,其余的人则“说不清楚”;12649人就“警察进入张家搜查黄碟是否合法”进行投票,其中11874人(占93.87％)认为“不合法”,而492人(占……