Putting Canada in a Comparative Context: Still the Multiculturalist Unicorn

In a very respectful response—titled with a classic rhetorical question: “Does Canadian Multiculturalism Survive through State Repression?”—Phil Ryan supports most of the arguments that Emma Ambrose and I laid out in our article “Canadian Multiculturalism and the Absence of the Far Right.” However, he does question two particular claims: (1) that the Canadian state represses critique of multiculturalism and (2) that there are no other supply-side factors to explain the absence of the far right in Canada. In this short response, I will argue, first and foremost, that Ryan perceives Canada too much through an exclusively Canadian lens, exaggerating the tolerance of the Canadian state for far-right discourse as well as the criticism of multiculturalism by the Conservative Party of Canada.     

“大变革时代”与美国全球战略的重塑

随着“后危机时代”、“后拉登时代”、“后撤军时代”、“后威权时代”、“后美国时代”等多个时代特征同时开启、相互叠加,世界正进入前所未有的“大变革时代”。为迎接这一严峻挑战,奥巴马政府有意识地推进美国全球战略的重塑,并取得了一些成绩。但由于客观形势的高度复杂性、战略思维的主观局限性及国内政治的持续困扰等因素,其全球战略重塑并不一帆风顺,并存在明显缺陷。     

北非中东政局剧变及其主要国际涵义

2010年底起于突尼斯、2011年以来迅速扩散的北非、中东动荡引起了世界广泛关注,其发生的根源、发展趋势及其影响、对中国的启示及中国的应对也是目前我国政界、学界集中探讨的热点问题。当前中东变局的深层根源是什么?骨牌效应会扩散到哪里?会不会改变中东政治力量对比甚至重塑中东战略格局?会不会影响全球战略态势?中东变局对中国的经济影响与战略影响如何?中国从中东变局的发生根源及其影响中可得到些什么启示?围绕这些问题,中国现代国际关系研究院《现代国际关系》杂志社于2011年3月10日举办了题为当前北非、中东变局及其影响的学术研讨会,来自北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学、中共中央党校、国防大学、北京航空航天大学、北京外国语大学、南开大学、中国社会科学院及中国现代国际关系研究院的20多位专家学者与会。他们从不同角度就上述问题展开了热烈而深入的探讨。现将部分与会专家学者的主要观点辑录如下,以飨读者。     

The International Community and Bosnia-Herzegovina

The article discusses the most considerable challenges faced by Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) over the past few years and outlines how many of them have been addressed through partnership and cooperation between BiH and the international community. It draws lessons from this cooperation for the general conditions necessary for successful international intervention and engagement, comparing the interventions in BiH and Iraq. It argues that BiH has made substantive progress in reconciliation and reconstruction and that it is now a modern and peaceful state orientated towards the goal of Euro-Atlantic integration. The article assesses some of the remaining obstacles to progress, in particular the paradoxically problematic role of the Office of the High Representative in BiH.     

从国际法角度看国际恐怖主义的界定问题

“9·11”国际恐怖主义事件将联合国和整个国际社会的反对恐怖主义斗争推向了高潮。然而 ,在国际法上虽然有一些具体的打击个别恐怖主义行为的公约但却不存在一个普遍接受的国际恐怖主义的定义。这是因为国际法学界对于是否有必要做出一个综合性的“普遍同意的定义”存有较大分歧。联合国组织在与国际恐怖主义行为进行斗争的同时也尝试着界定这个概念 ,但都没有成功。界定国际恐怖主义的主要困难是它具有较强的政治性 ,一些问题 ,例如国家恐怖主义、民族解放运动等等 ,都为界定工作带来实际困难。实际上 ,没有一个综合性的定义并不妨碍对具体的国际恐怖主义行为进行打击。     

富有传奇色彩的国际金融家索罗斯

乔治·索罗斯①(George Soros)作为一个国际金融炒家、慈善家、经济学家,是一个极富争议的人物,特别对亚洲来说更是如此,人们对由他引发的亚洲金融危机至今仍记忆犹新。索罗斯的一生与众多重大历史事件有关:20世纪80年代,索罗斯通过其基金会网络深深卷入了苏联东欧的历史巨变;9     

国际狮子会

国际狮子会作为一个全球性的慈善服务组织，在性质上与人权、环境和人道主义援助等类型的非政府组织有所不同。它是第一个在中国大陆设立分会的国际非政府组织，中国分会的成立不仅标志着中国参与国际非政府组织活动的新开端，而且成为中国与国际非政府组织关系发展中的一个里程碑。     

The International Criminal Court on trial

This article assesses the structure and operation of the International Criminal Court by setting out a case for the defence of the Court, a case for its prosecution and a verdict. Defenders of the Court suggest it has had a positive impact because: it has accelerated moves away from politics and towards ethics in international relations; it goes a long way towards ending impunity; it is a significant improvement on the previous system of ad hoc tribunals; it has positive spill-over effects onto domestic criminal systems; and because the courage of the prosecutor and trial judges has helped to establish the Court as a force to be reckoned with. Opponents of the Court see it as mired in power politics, too reliant on the United Nations Security Council and on state power to be truly independent; failing to bring peace and perhaps even encouraging conflict; and starting to resemble a neo-colonial project rather than an impartial organ of justice. The verdict on the Court is mixed. It has gone some way to ending impunity and it is certainly an improvement on the ad hoc tribunals. However it is inevitably a political body rather than a purely legal institution, its use as a deterrent is as yet unproven and the expectation that it can bring peace as well as justice is unrealistic.     

第三部门与国际政治

冷战结束以来 ,国际政治行为体日益多样化 ,其中非政府间国际组织 (第三部门行为体 )已经日益演变成为一类具有重要意义的国际行为体 ,在国际政治舞台上有其独特的重要作用和影响。对第三部门行为体的研究 ,不仅是准确反映国际政治发展的一种客观需要 ,而且有利于推动国际政治研究范式的革新 ,具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。     

The Governance of the Chaotic International Security

After the Cold War ended,former traditional security threats withered while non-traditional ones sprouted.More recently as both traditional and non-traditional security threats bloom,concern spreads over whether international security governance can be effective.Worse still,major Western countries' zeal for global governance has cooled,while they turn from being advocates of global governance to obstacles,making the future dimmer.     

冷战后传统主义思潮的回归及其影响

传统主义思潮回归是一种周期性出现的历史现象,其每一次出现都会对当时社会的政治文化甚至整体结构产生重大影响。冷战结束以来,在世界范围内以民族主义、宗教原教旨主义、文化保守主义为代表的传统主义思潮再次呈现出某种回归迹象,其所引起的诸多国际政治效应正日渐显现。     

The Decade of International Engagement in Afghanistan

As a result of the Bonn and Tokyo Conferences when extensive international engagement began in Afghanistan in early 2002,hopes rose high that now peace and stability would be restored in this war ravaged country.Given the scale of the commitment and excitement demonstrated by the international community to combat terrorism and help Afghanistan in its overall reconstruction process,it appeared that extensive political and economic activities would soon revive that would help in ending the decades-long miseries of the poor Afghan nation.In the immediate aftermath a significant performance was also recorded in some spheres,such as: On diplomatic front,it helped finish Afghanistan' s acute isolation among the world nations that it was faced with during the Taliban rule.     

“天安号”事件与国际危机管理

2010年3月26日发生在朝鲜半岛西部海域的韩国“天安号”反潜护卫舰爆炸沉没事件,韩国政府认定为朝鲜攻击所致。韩国对事件的认定有着明显的政治主导意识和政治倾向,企图使朝韩危机从双边扩大为地区多边甚至超地区的国际危机演化,这将为美国谋求扩展在东亚的战略利益提供机会。国际危机管理是国家在维护国际安全稳定中经常面对的课题,如果美韩坚持把实现自身的战略利益作为危机管理的目标,朝鲜半岛危机则始终存在继续升级的危险。     

俄罗斯国际组织外交的几个特点

俄罗斯的国际组织外交颇具特色。自普京就任俄罗斯总统以来,俄罗斯的国际组织外交又有了新的发展。本文选取了俄罗斯与联合国、世贸组织、欧盟和独联体这几个最具代表性的国际组织关系发展的特点,以及对非政府组织政策的变化,从政治、经济和区域性等几个层面对其进行了分析,认为充分利用与合作、主动融入世界经济、积极争取区域主导权是俄罗斯国际组织外交的三个鲜明特点。     

浅析文化在国际关系中的作用

文化在国际关系中的作用随着冷战的结束而突显出来。本文从国家、国际和全球三个层面来具体分析文化在国际关系中的作用。在国家的层面上 ,文化既是一个国家制定政策的背景 ,又是国家实力的一部分 ;在国际层面 ,文化是霸权国家和反霸权国家间斗争的重要方面 ,与国际合作和国际冲突有非单向的关系 ;在全球层面 ,全球化催生的全球文化对国际关系会起到良性的作用。最后 ,探讨了中国在国际关系中可资利用的文化资源。     

试论英国国际组织外交的演变

本文比较全面地对英国国际组织外交的发展演变做了考察,将英国的国际组织外交分为借助国际组织支撑衰退中的大英帝国、以国际组织外交支撑三环外交、以及积极推进国际组织外交促使英国成为全球中心三个阶段,并逐一分析和研讨。在此基础上,对当前英国国际组织外交的新趋势作研究和分析,并进一步探索后冷战时期英国国际组织外交的国际动因及其作用与不足。     

"非典"对当前国际关系的影响

近来,“非典型肺炎”在全球范围内蔓延,成为继2001年“9·11”袭美事件以来又一大震撼世界的非传统国际热点问题。“非典”的冲击和影响已超出一般意义上的卫生防疫范围,波及到世界政治与经济;超出了任何一国的国内问题范围,是当前牵动国际关系大局的一个突出因素。     

邓小平理论的国际影响

今年8月22日是伟人邓小平诞辰一百周年。邓小平理论是马克思主义与本国国情与时代特征相结合的产物。毛泽东曾经提倡"古为今用"和"洋为中用",并树立了"古为今用"的榜样。历史证明,邓小平不仅是"洋为中用"的典范,而且以其远见卓识影响世界,创造了"中为洋用"的业绩。邓小平逝世时国际社会对他的光辉一生纷纷做出评价。日本《时报》1997年2月26日发表大公撰写的纪念文章,称颂"邓小平的理论和决策,不仅使中国人民受益,而且惠及亚洲,惠及整个世界";"邓小平的影响力,不仅超越他生活的时代,而且超越他生活的国度"。我觉得,这个评价是很有见地,也是非常公允的。邓小平理论的内涵十分丰富,本文侧重从国际角度就其影响谈几点认识。     

The Dynamics of Enlargement in International Organizations

Most international organizations (IOs) expand their membership over the course of their lifespan. Although these enlargements tend to be heralded as normatively positive — for the IOs themselves, for the new members, and for cooperative outcomes more generally — expansions can also lead to conflicts in the organization. What conditions lead to enlargement rounds that reshape an organization in unexpected ways? We argue that, depending upon the diversity of the initial group of countries, members may vote to admit new entrants that can tilt organizational decision-making in unexpected directions. We anticipate fewer enlargements with lesser impact on the character of the organization among organizations that have either a smaller range of founding members or a relatively even initial dispersion. We develop an agent-based model that accounts for the complex decision-making environment and social dynamics that typify IO accession processes. The model helps us explain how the nature of decision-making in organizations can shift following enlargement, likely changing the organization’s output and goals.