试论我国传统治边观念的核心——“守中治边”与“守在四夷”

"守中治边"与"守在四夷"是我国古代大多数封建王朝治理边疆的核心思想,同时也是制定各项边疆治理计划的基础。在封建统治者的眼中,"守中"之地与"四夷"之地有明确的划分;多数封建王朝所追求的理想境界,就是国家繁荣安定,边疆没有战事发生,让国家的疆土能够完整,从而在边疆地区实现"守在四夷"。主要从"守中治边"与"守在四夷"之间的关系切入,并且对其所产生的影响做出探析。     

中国共产党领导边疆农垦的历史经验

边疆农垦是中国共产党为了开发边疆、建设边疆和保卫边疆,在边疆地区建立起来的社会主义大农业和与之配套的教科文卫等社会事业。五十多年来,中国共产党为推动边疆农垦持续、稳定和健康发展,进行了大量的探索,并在这方面积累了丰富的经验。     

国家视阈里的中国边疆观念

作为国家疆域之边缘性部分的边疆,是在客观现实基础上经过主观认定而确立的,是构建的产物。边疆的构建、调整和治理都受到既定边疆观念的深刻影响。边疆观念是国家总体治理中地理空间管理的重要内容,在国家政治文化中占有重要位置。中国自秦汉之际确立边疆之后,便形成了具有特定内涵的边疆观念。边疆观念不仅对边疆的确定、调整和治理发挥着重要影响,而且自身处于不断的演变之中,形成了一个边疆观念演变的过程。今天中国的发展,面临着与过去完全不同的内部状况和外部形势,需要对传统的边疆观念进行重新审视和相应的调整,构建适应国家发展需要的边疆观念,进而形成恰当的边疆战略,从总体上规划国家发展的地理空间格局,促进边疆治理和国家整体发展。     

我国边疆牧区振兴的战略意义和实现路径

边疆牧区是我国传统牧业生产区、少数民族聚居区、低收入人口集中区和草原文明发源地,其幅员辽阔,战略地位显著。推进边疆牧区振兴,实现牧区现代化,对稳边戍边维护国家安全,铸牢中华民族共同体意识,全面实现乡村振兴,进而推进中国式现代化具有重要意义。新征程上推进边疆牧区振兴,要加强和完善党对边疆牧区工作的全面领导,积极引导和促进牧区城镇化的健康发展,推动牧区畜牧业高质量发展,用科技创新和人才资源支撑实现边疆牧区现代化。     

清代云南边疆民族地区教育发展的社会历史背景北大核心

清代云南边疆民族地区教育得到很大发展,形成一套较为完整的教育体系,培养了一批数量可观的封建知识分子群体,少数民族社会逐渐发生嬗变。清初平定三藩之乱后,云南经济社会进入长期稳定发展的轨道,持续性的移民群体来到云南边疆及其造成的影响,大规模改土归流的善后需要,云南边疆多元民族社会与文化与已经建立起来的一元政治结构不相适应,需要建立一元化的文化传播格局等,共同构成了清代云南边疆民族地区教育发展的社会历史背景。     

清代闽浙总督郝玉麟治闽述略

郝玉麟是清代前期较为著名的封疆大吏,历任云南提督、广东总督、福建总督、闽浙总督等职.在福建总督及闽浙总督任上,他设法平息台湾土著谋乱、有效控制社会治安、着力赈济受灾民众,多次得到朝廷嘉许.却因荐举不力、治下不严而坐失官身.     

制衡与牵制:南京国民政府治理边疆的政治策略——以边疆行政区域的新规划为中心

整合边疆政治,使边疆与内地在近代化背景下进一步融合,是南京国民政府实现民族国家构建所面临的挑战之一。南京国民政府分别将甘肃分设宁夏、青海,内蒙地区分设察哈尔、热河、绥远三省,西康亦设省,是民国时期边疆行政区域的重要变革。南京国民政府这一行政区域新规划的实践,与社会舆论切合,客观上消解了边疆地方实力派的压力,起到了制衡与牵制作用,有利于推动中央政府对边疆的社会控制,提高边疆各省区的行政效率,并通过空间管理的重新布局抵御外国势力的干涉,是国民政府行使国家主权的体现。但由于国民政府对边疆控制的有限性及谋划不周全,一些边疆地区新的行政区域规划,反而加剧了边疆地区的社会矛盾。     

浅析特纳“边疆学说”

弗里德里克·杰克逊·特纳(Frederick Jackson Turner)是美国著名历史学家。1893年他因在芝加哥召开的历史协会上宣读其著名论文《边疆在美国历史上的意义》而一举成名,打破了美国历史学前辈"生源论"体系,创建了边疆学派,从而使"边疆学说"在美国学术界引起极大反响,奠定了"边疆学说"理论基础。考察"边疆学说"兴起背景以及对特纳"边疆学说"的拙见。     

美国边疆治理的政策体系及其借鉴意义

边疆治理是国家对边疆问题的解决,在世界边疆发展史上,美国对西部边疆的开发与治理是在民族国家内部进行的首次大规模、综合性的边疆治理实践。美国的边疆开发与治理不仅对美国自身的发展和强大,而且对整个世界政治、经济、外交格局的形成,都产生了深刻的影响。分析美国边疆治理的政策体系,反思其成功之处和存在的问题,对于我国当代的边疆治理具有重要的借鉴意义。     

前苏联边疆治理的教训及启示

当今中国,边疆问题呈现复杂态势,如何治理好中国边疆已成一个重大课题.基于"他山之石,可以攻玉"的认识,本文试图从前苏联边疆裂变的大致经过、前苏联在治理边疆民族问题上所实行的政策入手,探讨前苏联边疆治理的教训和启示,以期望有益于我国的边疆治理大业.     

Political struggles on a frontier of harm reduction drug policy: geographies of constrained policy mobility

This article contributes to the conceptualization of how policy models circulate by analysing the ‘frontier politics’ that occurs when a mobile policy meets resistance and constraint. We argue that advocates of harm reduction drug policy operate within a constrained political–institutional environment, but one that is not closed or predetermined. We make the argument in reference to struggles over harm reduction drug policy in Surrey, BC, a suburban municipality in Greater Vancouver. Thus, even at frontiers, policy change may occur, even if slowly, incrementally, or cautiously. In conclusion, we reconsider questions of constrained mobility, policy assemblages, and frontier politics to reflect on the character of, and possibilities for, policy change.     

Reducing the energy consumption of Indian iron and steel industry through enhancing energy efficiency: Role of regional coordination

This article aims at estimating the energy efficiency of the iron and steel industry in production theoretic approach. Taking a regional perspective, we have done a meta‐frontier analysis combined with the slack‐based measure of data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results depict huge energy efficiency gap exists across four regions. The northern region is the best performer under group frontier than meta‐frontier DEA. South and west regions are relatively well‐performed under meta‐frontier than group frontier while the eastern region performs moderately well under both frontiers. The results show the significant energy efficiency improvement opportunities available across regions can be realised through technological advancement and energy management.     

政治学行政学前沿:研究路径与方法论

前沿是一个学科发展的新趋势、新思潮、新分支、新主题和新方法,代表了学术研究方向性的创新思想、观念、原理和体系。研究政治学、行政学理论前沿,可以从具有重大时代意义的话题、社会广泛关注的难题、学界集中研究的论题、政府部门的治理命题中去把握,应当在创新性强的实践中去体验和阐发。研究理论前沿是为了创造前沿性思想。按照学术的成长规律、演化规律和整合规律,运用目标分析、比较研究、趋势分析、多学科交叉研究等创新研究方法论,研究政治学、行政学理论前沿,可望从中打开学术创新的“窗口”。     

Spacefaring Logistics Infrastructure: The Foundation of a Spacefaring America

The American spacefaring dream, which envisions average Americans being able to safely and routinely travel to and work in space, remains the American public's benchmark for measuring progress in America's human space enterprises. This article begins with a brief review of the ideas and developments that led up to the formation of the American spacefaring dream in the late 1950s. It continues with discussion of how building new logistics infrastructure capabilities has enabled America to lead the world in opening new physical and technological frontiers and why this provides a successful model for fulfilling the American spacefaring dream of opening the space frontier. The article concludes with the identification of specific planning objectives to guide the development, construction, and operation of an integrated American spacefaring logistics infrastructure.     

汉语西传--以晚清时期英语世界汉语教材为中心1

晚清时期西方人掀起了汉语学习的第二次高潮，在这100多年的时间中，他们编写了卷帙浩繁的汉语教材，这些教材类型丰富，从不同的角度可以划分为以下几个类型：翻译型教材和自编型教材、口语教材和书面语教材、综合类教材和单项知识技能类教材、官话教材和方言教材等等。类型众多的汉语教材反映了不同阶段、不同形势、不同学习者的需求，它们不仅是汉语教育史上的巨大财富，也为我们当今的汉语教学和汉语教材编写提供了可资借鉴的宝贵经验。     

The Emergence of the Citizen Concept in Modern China: 1899–1919

The term “citizen” was translated into Chinese in the early 20th century, which showed a striking feature of “translated modernity”. By creatively translating citizen into guomin, intellectuals of the late Qing and the early ROC (Republic of China) imagined different roads of Chinese nation-state building. In the late Qing period, “citizen” was translated from the perspective of statism. By doing so, they intended to build a powerful sovereign state by changing people’s servile thoughts and arousing their modern citizen consciousness, so a nation-state rather than citizenship rights was their real goal of translating the concept. Considering the early ROC could not be a powerful nation-state, intellectuals of the early ROC changed the statist strategy and translated “citizen” from the perspective of “individualism”, which aimed to build a more liberal nation-state by cultivating people’s consciousness of individuality and utilitarianism. The translation of “citizen” in the late Qing and early ROC periods reflected the phenomenon of “translated modernity” which often appeared in the process of political modernization in colonial countries. That is, in order to shake off external oppression and establish an independent nation-state, intellectuals often resorted to the translation of important political concepts. The newly translated terms form new power redistribution, political ideology, and political imagination which promote the development of political modernity.     

大力提升警情处置能力之管见

当前,铁路治安形势和安全维稳形势比以往更加复杂,警情发生接连不断,处置难度越来越高,因此,铁路公安机关要立足现实斗争和实战需求,不断更新警情处置理念,始终做好应急准备,规范指挥处置流程,严把重点关键环节,健全应急联动机制,切实做到及时高效处置。     

Social humanities

With the rise to eminence and influence of scientists in recent years the distinction between scientific judgment and the judgment of scientists has been increasingly blurred. In particular, the meaning and definition of the social sciences and of their auxiliary or more applied disciplines has become confused. On the one hand, several value-centered undertakings such as policy analysis or planning have laid claim to status as sciences, while on the other hand, social scientists have increasingly attacked the legitimacy or reasonableness of the goal of value-free social science. Scientific publicists further confuse the discussion by arguing for the discovery of a value-free, scientific basis for society in which applied science equals policy. The result has been to damage the effectiveness of both scientific and nonscientific efforts, and to confuse the relationship of their activities in the minds of those who regularly feel compelled to cross a variety of scientific and nonscientific frontiers.     

Nation‐building or ethnic fragmentation? Frontier settlement and collective identities in Israel

The paper analyses the evolution of collective identities from a critical geographical perspective, and argues that certain territorial practices associated with nation‐building and state‐building projects may actually sow the seeds of social and ethnic fragmentation. The analysis focuses on the impact of ‘internal frontier’ settlement in settler societies and highlights the key role of space, place and social control policies in the formation of ethnic and social identities. These identities are shown to be shaped, reshaped and reproduced during the processes of settlement, migration, segregation and inter‐group territorial conflict. Within that theoretical framework, the paper explores the case of Israel, and the impact of the settlement and spatial planning in the Galilee region on the formation of regional collective identities. The analysis shows that the process of settling the frontiers has given rise to ethnic, social and institutional fragmentation, particularly between Palestinian‐Arabs, Mizrahi Jews and Ashkenazi Jews. These divisions may— paradoxically—undermine the very nation‐building and state‐building projects that had instigated the settlement of the internal frontier.     

明清之际中国人的科学观--以徐光启为例

明清之际以徐光启为代表的中国思想家对待科学的态度,和当时到中国来的西方传教士是不相同的;当时中国思想家的科学观,未必都是西方文化刺激的结果.徐光启等人的科学哲学思想及其方法论,远远超出当时来华的西方传教士之上,甚至可以和同时代西方的培根、伽里略、笛卡尔等大思想家相提并论.