俄罗斯的防救灾体系

作为世界上灾害事故频发的国家之一。俄罗斯对于本国的灾害响应工作十分重视。俄罗斯不断加强俄罗斯联邦紧急状态预防和响应统一国家体系（UEPRSS）和俄联邦民防、应急与减灾部（BVERCOM）的发展整合。规范应急响应的制度和程序，努力打造及时、正确的灾害管理体系。     

城市运行中防灾减灾的应急管理研究

对城市灾害进行了分类,总结其危害性,并分析了城市灾害的致灾机制;阐述了城市灾害应急管理程序"四阶段"的关系及内涵;从城市灾害的预防和准备、灾害响应、灾后恢复与评价三方面对城市灾害应急管理措施进行了探讨.认为加强防灾意识、灾害监测与预警、制定应急预案、演练应急预案是做好城市灾害预防与准备的重要组成部分;为做好城市灾害的响应工作应成立应急机构和指挥中心、启动应急预案、按照一定程序处理灾害,并及时认真对应急管理进行总结和评价.     

国家林业局关于印发重大外来林业有害生物灾害等3个部门应急预案的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市林业厅(局),内蒙古、吉林、龙江、大兴安岭森工(林业)集团公司,新疆生产建设兵团林业局,国家林业局各直属单位:我局制定的《重大外来林业有害生物灾害应急预案》、《重大林业生态破坏事故应急预案》、《重大沙尘暴灾害应急预案》,已经国务院审议通过并确定为《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》的部门预案,现予印发,自印发之日起实施。附件:1.重大外来林业有害生物灾害应急预案2.重大林业生态破坏事故应急预案     

城市应急管理系统功能与GIS功能应用

城市安全事故、灾害、突发重大事件多发和危害增加对城市乃至整个国家所造成的损失越来越大，各类城市应急管理系统，在有效应对突发事件，迅速做出应急响应辅助决策方面不可或缺。本文综述了目前城市应急管理系统的基本功能，阐述了地理信息系统（GIS）功能在城市应急管理系统设计开发上的基本应用。[编者按]     

日本防灾减灾法律对策体制对我国的启示

一、日本防灾减灾的法律对策体制(一)防震减灾应急管理法律体系健全完善.日本是一个自然灾害多发国家,因此政府十分重视防灾、减灾工作,并不断总结经验,逐步形成了特色鲜明、成效显著的应急管理法律体系.《灾害对策基本法》是该国防灾抗灾的根本大法,有“抗灾宪法”之称,对防灾理念目的、防灾组织体系、防灾规划、灾害预防、灾害应急对策...     

人工智能时代下，应急管理体系的发展之道

正应急管理部成立之后,中国的综合应急管理体系从强调全灾害管理走向重视全过程管理,这是新时代国家应急管理创新发展的主逻辑。从体制上看,新时代应急管理创新发展的关键是建立和完善以应急管理部为牵头组织的多主体协同网络。从机制上看,新时代应急管理创新发展的关键是流程重塑,从准备、预防、减缓、响应和恢复五个环节全面优化应急管理的运行机制。第一代应急管理体系的主要特点是分灾种管理。从体制机制来看,分灾种管理主要有四个特征。一是不完整单部门负责制。例如,水利部门主要负责洪涝灾害的防范和应对,气象部门主要负责气象灾害     

气象灾害预警信号发布与传播办法

[文(令)号]第16号令[公布日期]2007.6.12[类别]行政法.气象[施行日期]2007.6.12第一条为了规范气象灾害预警信号发布与传播,防御和减轻气象灾害,保护国家和人民生命财产安全,依据《中华人民共和国气象法》、《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》,制定本办法。第二条在中华人民共和     

政法要闻

(2005.1.21-2005.2.20)突发公共事件应急预案获原则通过经过一年多时间的努力,国家突发公共事件总体应急预案、105个专项和部门预案以及绝大部分省级应急预案编制基本完成,全国应急预案框架体系初步建立。1月26日,国务院常务会议审议并原则通过了《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》。该预案是全国应急预案体系的总纲,规定了国务院应对重大突发公共事件的工作原则、组织体系和运行机制,对于指导地方各级政府和各部门有效处置突发公共事件,保障公众生命财产安全,减少灾害损失,具有重要作用。     

灾害应急管理需科技保驾护航——以发达国家为例

科技是灾害应急管理的重要基础和保障。从国际视野审视发达国家的灾害应急管理,可以看到,发达国家十分重视科技支撑体系建设,认真思考和总结发达国家灾害应急管理科技支撑体系的建设经验,将有助于中国灾害应急管理科技保障平台的构建与完善。文章针对我国应急管理科技保障现状,特别提出了当前及今后大的战略思路和工作重点:首先,要为完善灾害应急管理提供科学认知;其次,要为提高完善应急管理水平提供技术支撑;第三,要为提高完善灾害应急管理事件快速反应和应急处理技术的支持;第四,要建立健全共享信息的灾害应急管理科研体制。     

基于KAA模型的大学生应急能力探索性研究

当前,校园公共危机已趋于常态化,客观认识大学生的应急能力及其影响因素非常必要。基于"知-能-行"(KAA)行为模式,客观分析了大学生的应急行为特征,从内因和外因两个维度建立了EBM应急行为模型。依据EBM应急行为模型,运用要素型鱼刺图分析方法,分析并给出了影响大学生应急能力的6个关键要素(应急体适能、风险认知、应急技能、应急行为、救援组织、灾害情景)和17个次因要素,以期为提升大学生危机事件应对水平提供有益的参考和借鉴。     

Disaster management,risk reduction and international disaster response laws in the Commonwealth

This paper considers the existence and use of disaster risk management laws across the Commonwealth. It commences by considering approaches to risk management and disaster response. It reviews international and regional disaster law, policy and tools. The paper examines national disaster risk management laws through the lens of a typology of laws, based on the complexity and scope of the disaster risk reduction and response system. It makes recommendations for Commonwealth countries relating to review of disaster laws, implementation of international frameworks, and the inclusion of disaster risk reduction, recovery, climate change, quality standards and the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence in disaster laws.     

Avoiding the emperor’s prophecy: a case for the primacy of emergency management in criminal justice and human security studies

Recent events have illustrated the reciprocal nature of the relationship between emergency management actors and law enforcement agencies. Emergency management and disaster studies, as fields of practice and academic scholarship are inherently interdisciplinary. Primary among the fields impacting their development is criminal justice. This relationship is confirmed as criminal justice departments continue to include specialized Homeland Security curriculum. However, even as universities and colleges around the country are integrating emergency management into traditional criminal justice programs, there remain gaps in recognition of the unique practical skills and perspectives disaster scholars bring to criminal justice programs. In many ways, disaster scholarship complements existing law enforcement-focused programs by expanding the breadth of what is considered public or community safety. During each phase of the disaster management cycle (preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation), emergency management research highlights the assistance of volunteer community disaster response organizations that are utilized to assist victims and survivors, and to distribute necessary aid and information. This essay provides a discussion of the linkages between emergency management, disaster studies, and criminal justice, and supports a call for a broadened, integrative approach to human security that fully recognizes the role of each.     

Assessing sheriff’s office emergency and disaster website communications

Sheriff’s offices are an integral component of the public health emergency preparedness and response system in the USA. During a public health emergency or disaster, sheriff’s offices need to communicate with people affected by the event. Sheriff’s office websites are logical sources for information about disaster preparedness and response efforts. No prior research evaluates emergency preparedness and response resources available through sheriff’s office websites. The current research is a national study of sheriff’s office websites to assess the availability of information relating to emergency preparedness and response. A content analysis of 2590 sheriff’s office website homepages was conducted to determine the presence or absence of nine communications elements important to people seeking information during an emergency or disaster. We found that 71.9% of sheriff’s office website homepages include links to agency services and programs, but only 6.5% provide links to emergency preparedness information. The findings of the study are useful to assess emergency preparedness and the amount of response information available, as well as to identify opportunities to improve sheriff’s office website homepages.     

The contribution of DNA to the disaster victim identification (DVI) effort

As part of the disaster victim identification (DVI) response to the 2009 Victorian bushfires disaster, a number of scientific disciplines contributed to the human identification process--forensic pathology, anthropology and odontology, as well as fingerprinting and DNA profiling. The DNA laboratory received 182 post-mortem (PM) samples from 120 DVI cases and 236 reference samples corresponding to 163 missing persons (and two non-DVI cases). DNA analysis yielded full DNA profiles for 102 DVI cases and 190 ante-mortem (AM) samples (relating to all 163 missing persons), respectively. Subsequent comparison of DNA profiles, through direct and kinship matching, resulted in the submission of 76 DNA reports to the DVI Reconciliation Centre which assisted in the identification of 67 deceased. This paper describes the contribution of DNA analysis towards the DVI response to the 2009 Victorian bushfires disaster.     

风险社会语境下的俄罗斯生态安全立法

近年来，生态安全作为一种全新的国家安全观日益受到国际社会的广泛关注。俄罗斯是较早进行生态安全立法实践的国家，在生态安全理论研究、生态安全立法体系化以及生态安全保障制度构建等方面都有可圈可点之处。俄罗斯生态安全立法理论及实践的经验可以为我国立法发展及应对生态安全问题提供学理上的参考和可借鉴的实证路径和范式。     

Concept of “Semi-Protected Natural Areas” in Environmental Law of Russia and in the Post-Soviet Space: Discussion Questions

The article proves that environmental law of Russia and the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) includes a rather wide legal category, which the authors suggest calling “semi-protected natural areas”. It contains land plots, which occupy an intermediate position between common lands and specially protected natural areas (wetlands, water-protective zones, soils included in the Red Data Book of Soils, wilderness areas), as well as between common lands and ecological disaster zones (sanitary protection zones). Further doctrinal research and normative consolidation of this category will allow improving the legal regime of these areas, including existing restrictions and bans in the field of economic and other activity, filling existing legal gaps, forming a more adequate system for counteracting modern environmental threats, including expanding the arsenal of legal means in the field of protection of the environment.     

Post-Hurricane Katrina Racialized Explanations as a System Threat: Implications for Whites’ and Blacks’ Racial Attitudes

This experiment drew upon theoretical perspectives on group and system justification to examine whether exposure to media coverage arguing that racism was responsible for the ineffective Hurricane Katrina disaster response affected White and Black Americans’ intergroup attitudes. Consistent with a system justification perspective, Whites exposed to video clips arguing that the hurricane Katrina disaster response was due to racism displayed greater racial ingroup attachment and ingroup love compared to Whites exposed to videos conveying that the government’s incompetence was to blame for the disaster response. In contrast, Blacks displayed strong levels of ingroup attachment and ingroup love across both video conditions. This research highlights how insights from social psychology are valuable in understanding psychological responses to social justice-related events, such as the tragic response to hurricane Katrina.

The Power of Mutual Repulsion

The lecturer reflects on Russian-Ukrainian relations, emphasizing their subjective or psychological aspect. He argues that proximity is not conducive to cooperation but instead generates mutual repulsion. Respectful—albeit not friendly—cooperation, however, would be a rational response to certain threats faced by both Russia and Ukraine.     

俄罗斯恐怖主义犯罪问题研究综述

近年来,俄罗斯恐怖主义犯罪问题的研究逐渐受到国内外学者的关注。我国学者对此问题的研究起步较晚,成果多集中在恐怖主义的根源、应对措施和相关立法等方面。俄罗斯的相关研究成果比较丰硕,为我们从多学科、多角度研究俄罗斯恐怖主义犯罪问题提供了可资借鉴的参考。