我国公益法律的概念和发展

公平正义是社会主义法制的价值追求。有效的公益法律制度是实现社会公平正义和"法律面前人人平等"宪法原则的重要保障。公益法与公益诉讼已有多年的发展历史,体现了对弱势群体的保护和对公共利益的维护。我国已经出现了包括法律援助、法制宣传、公益法律服务体系、民间公益法律服务组织、公益诉讼、公益立法建议在内的各种公益法律服务形式,现在应当进行系统的研究,以促进公益法律制度的建立。     

充分发挥司法行政职能作用努力为社会主义新农村建设服务

建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务,是新时期解决“三农”问题的重大战略举措。司法行政机关是建设社会主义新农村的一支重要力量,在社会主义新农村建设中应当发挥四项基本作用:一是对发展农村经济的服务作用;二是对实现农村依法管理的保障作用;三是对提高广大农民群众民主法治意识的促进作用;四是对农村矛盾纠纷的化解作用。当前和今后一个时期,首都司法行政工作为社会主义新农村建设服务的主要思路和措施是:着力拓展农村法律服务,全面加强针对农村的法律服务力量,建立和完善村、乡(镇)两级公益法律服务平台,进一步扩大我市农村地区法律援助的覆盖面,探索建立将农村各类弱势群体的法律服务纳入法律援助范畴的机制。全面加强农村人民调解工作,完善农村人民调解工作组织体系,大力加强乡镇专职调解员队伍建设,努力打造一支专业化、职业化的调解力量,努力调处疑难复杂矛盾纠纷。探索和推广在农村集贸市场、旅游景点和外来人口聚集区建立专门的调解组织。深入开展农村法制宣传教育,注重农村普法的趣味性和实用性,促进“送法下乡”和“法制文艺进乡村”工作经常化、制度化。充分利用电视、广播、网络、报刊等现代传媒开展法制宣传,鼓励和扶持民间法制宣传、法律服务机构开展公益性法制宣传,努力扩大宣传教育的覆盖面,增强宣传教育的吸引力。     

进一步强化司法行政基层工作为构建社会主义和谐社会作出新贡献

司法行政基层工作是司法行政延伸到基层的所有职能和工作的统称，是整个司法行政工作的基础，担负着为广大基层群众提供法律服务、法制宣传和法律保障的重要职能，具体承担人民调解、社区矫正、安置帮教、司法所建设、法律援助、法制宣传、法律服务等各项业务工作，是化解和调处矛盾纠纷、维护社会稳定的前沿阵地，也是防止矛盾激化的“第一道防线”。     

英国社区法律服务与法制宣传教育情况概览

英国社区法律服务与法制宣传教育情况概览陈俊生应英国英中文化协会邀请，由司法部法制宣传司司长刘一杰为团长的赴英考察组一行８人，于１９９７年６月２３日至７月１日对英国社区法律服务、调解制度、法制宣传教育进行了实地考察。考察组走访了大法官部、事务律师协会、...     

深化法制宣传教育进社区的探索与思考

新形势下的法制宣传教育工作具有普及法律知识弘扬法治精神、培养法治观念、引导法治行为的作用法制宣传教育进社区作为"法律六进"的重要组成部分之一,是区域法治建设的基础性工作,也是增强社区居民法律意识和法律素质、推进基层社会管理法治化的前提。如何深化法制宣传教育进社区工作,努力在全社会形成崇尚法治、遵循法治、弘扬法治的良好氛围,更好地服务和保障社会管理创新,是当前法制宣传教育工作所面临的重大课题。     

推进县级司法局法制工作的调查与思考——以浙江省为例

县级司法局作为司法行政体系中最基层的组织机构，担负着为广大人民群众提供法制宣传、法律服务和法律保障的重要职能，其作用不可低估。法制工作是县级司法局整体工作的重要组成部分，开展好法制工作，对于县级司法局加快推进依法行政工作进程、完善内部监督机制、提高执法水平、促进整体工作的规范化都具有重要意义。     

整合职能资源 发挥职能优势 提高司法行政服务保障科学发展能力——浙江省司法行政系统贯彻落实科学发展观的实践体会

改革开放特别是党的十六大以来，在中国特色社会主义事业的不断发展过程中，各级司法行政机关充分履行法制宣传、法律服务和法律保障职能，为维护社会稳定、推动经济发展、促进社会公平、服务保障民生作出了重要贡献，生动展现了科学发展观的真理力量。笔者结合浙江省司法行政系统贯彻落实科学发展观的实践，就整合职能资源、发挥职能优势、提高服务保障科学发展能力，谈一点体会。     

北京市律师协会公益法律服务中心揭牌

根据中华全国律师协会《关于开展建立律师协会公益法律服务中心试点工作的通知》精神，经九届北京律协第二十六次会长会议研究，北京市律协决定组建北京市律师协会公益法律服务中心。公益法律服务中心是北京律协组织全市律师、律师事务所和专业委员会为社会提供专业法律服务的公益性志愿服务机构。     

美国版权法中图书馆复制权的例外规定——第108节的历史考察

复制是作品得以传播和利用的重要途径之一,也是作者和其他版权持有人实现其与作品传播相关经济权利的重要方式。作为履行文献信息采集、加工、存储和传播职能的社会公益性文化服务机构,图书馆的复制行为对满足社会文化信息需求、维持版权人私权与公共利益之间的平衡发挥着重要作用。为保证图书馆履行这一公共职能,法律应当对其实施的复制行为规定某种程度的豁免权利。本文从历史的角度,简要回顾了20世纪初以来美国有关图书馆复制权的民间协议和立法演变过程,并对现行美国版权法第108节有关图书馆复制权的例外规定作了分析和介绍。     

北京市法律援助基金会项目简介

自2006年起，北京市法律援助基金会围绕全市司法行政中心工作进行项目设计，开展了农村公益法律服务体系建设项目和民间公益法律服务机构扶助计划项目。经过几年来的不断发展与完善，两个项目得到了社会各界的广泛关注与认可，为保障弱势群体的合法权益，维护首都社会和谐稳定发挥了积极的作用。     

法律理性与法律的技术化

现代法律制度的每一个建构性要素及其运作过程的每一个环节,都表现出很强的技术性特征,这使得法律成为一种典型的社会技术。法律技术铸成了法律的确定性,使法律规范系统化;它划定了行为合法与不法的界限,使人们对自己的行为后果更有预期。可以说,技术化是法律理性在形式方面最重要的表现,而实践的特点决定了理性必然是形式理性与实质理性的统一,作为法律价值的载体和法律目的的支持系统,法律技术本身也是法治的基本条件之一。因此,法律的技术性特征及其意义应当受到重视,法律技术的功能也有待于我们加以深入地研究。     

法理和情理

情感并非只能是任性的和不公正的,并非不能作为法律价值的终极来源.从中国儒家的传统哲学思想出发,一种"中和"的情感是可能通过修身渠道获得的,它可以称为情理.以修身作为治国根本,实质上是奠定社会形而上的价值基础的根本.情理可从修身中被发现,并进入日常生活的正义认知中.在法律推理中,情理可以弥补现代法律的价值亏空.     

Legal Theory for Legal Empiricists

There is a widespread view that one does either theory or empirical work, and that theory and empiricism represent distant concerns, opposing worldviews, and perhaps distinct mentalities or personalities. This prevalent view has deep roots and is also the result of pragmatic and understandable tendencies toward division of intellectual labor. Against this view, this essay suggests that the relations between theory and empirical study ought to be understood as more intimate and that making legal theory an explicit focus can improve empirical scholarship. We pursue this claim by articulating a basis for legal theory and by showing how that basis illuminates both the application and design of empirical research on law. Legal theory, we argue, follows jurisprudence in interrogating the law as a set of coercive normative institutions. The upshot of this approach is a recognition that an interdisciplinary analysis of law must rely on both a theory (explicit or implicit) of the way law's power and its normativity align and an account of the way in which this discursive cohabitation manifests itself institutionally. We thus argue that legal theory is necessary in order to draw fruitfully on empirical research and further claim that legal theory provides guidance both for setting up an empirical research agenda on law and for designing research into specific topics.     

Legal Positivism and Legal Disagreements

This paper deals with the possibility of faultless disagreement in law. It does this by looking to other spheres in which faultless disagreement appears to be possible, mainly in matters of taste and ethics. Three possible accounts are explored: the realist account, the relativist account, and the expressivist account. The paper tries to show that in the case of legal disagreements, there is a place for an approach that can take into account our intuitions in the sense that legal disagreements are genuine and at times faultless.     

法律发展与法律知识化

法律发展首先必须面对合法化与价值诉求问题，而这一切又无不与作为基础的法律主体的知识立场密切相关。如何谋求“法律知识化”、话语合法化以及法律主体的价值立场的有效运作，是法律文明、有效发展的必要途径，也是法律发展话语摒弃规则主义弊端制约而建构自我所不可回避的挑战。从西方国家的经验看，现代法治的确立与以理性化为核心的法律知识化过程密不可分，法律知识化由知识对法律的关系提升、扩展为一种法律观，再由一种法律观落实为一种价值观、方法论，并由此引导法律主体追求和建设一种新的法律文明。更为重要的是，“法律知识化”使法治成为近代法律发展的本质性，把知识化原则导入法律发展领域，从而实现了法律发展的革命性变革。     

Legal Principles and Legal Theory

Current legal theory is concerned with the presence of principles in law partly because they are at the core of Dworkin's criticisms of Hart's rule of recognition. Hart's theory is threatened by the possibility that the identification of some principles follows an extremely relaxed rule of recognition, or even no rule at all. Unfortunately, there is no conclusive test to ascertain what is the case in actual practice. On the other hand, the evaluative arguments which support Dworkin's proposal of principled adjudication are forceful but not conclusive. Moreover, since ultimate controversy over values is plausible, judicial discretion may sometimes be inevitable.     

Legal Transplants and Legal Downloads

Online legal education has the potential to address a global audience. But little attention has been paid so far to the question of how teaching methods developed in one jurisdiction interact with the substantive law of another legal system. This paper challenges the assumption of the independence of substantive law and law teaching on the basis of a comparative evaluation of online law tutorials in Scotland and Germany. It concludes that the transplanting legal education, as transplanting substantive law, can have unpredictable consequences.     

Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory Revisited

This article deals with the relation between a theory of law and a theory of legal reasoning. Starting from a close reading of Chapter VII of H. L. A. Hart's The Concept of Law, it claims that a theory of law like Hart's requires a particular theory of legal reasoning, or at least a theory of legal reasoning with some particular characteristics. It then goes on to say that any theory of legal reasoning that satisfies those requirements is highly implausible, and tries to show that this is the reason why not only Hart, but also writers like Neil MacCormick and Joseph Raz have failed to offer a theory of legal reasoning that is compatible with legal positivism as a theory of law. They have faced a choice between an explanation of legal reasoning that is incompatible with the core of legal positivism or else strangely sceptical, insofar as it severs the link between general rules and particular decisions that purport to apply them.     

Global Legal Interaction and Legal Cultures

Abstract . The legal discourse of a steadily growing European legal community and universal legal harmonization is misleading since it abstracts completely from the cultural dimension of law which consist of patterns of interpretation and behavioral routines with respect to law. The article makes use of abundant literature in administrative sciences, international management research and socio-psychological studies in Intercultural Communication in order to propose indicators for a comparison of legal cultures in the areas of European legal integration, international commercial transactions and international lawyering.