以制度创新推动扶贫开发工作的历史性发展

贫困问题是一种与人类社会发展进程相伴生的社会现象，绝对贫困与相对贫困此消彼长，不论是在比较富裕的发达国家，还是在经济相对落后的发展中国家，都没有真正解决贫困问题。改革开放以来，尤其近10年来，我国扶贫开发工作取得了显著成就。     

试析亚洲“四小龙”的老人问题

今年是国际老人年。在发达国家 ,老人问题已经引起了政府和全社会的重视 ,老人社会保障体系也日趋健全 ,老人们过着比较有保障的晚年生活。在发展中国家 ,老人问题逐渐成为一个较为严重的社会问题 ,发展中国家政府和人民必须对这个问题给予足够的重视。     

泰国历史上的封建制与奴隶制

泰国历史上是否经历一个奴隶制占主导地位的发展阶段,即我们通常所说的奴隶社会阶段?这是一个尚有争议的问题.本文通过对泰国古代社会的演进及其特点进行分析后认为,在后来我们见到的封建社会出现之前,泰国的历史上并不曾有过一个奴隶社会阶段.但是,在泰国封建关系形成和发展的过程中,并没有完全取代或排斥奴隶制因素.相反,随着社会的进一步发展,早先处于萌芽状态的奴隶制因素也得到了相应的发展,甚至可以说,奴隶制真正作为一种剥削制度,是由于封建关系的确立和封建统治者贪欲的扩大及其对广大人民日益加重的封建剥削而进一步引发起来的.     

2012：民生问题面面观——民生财政与国民幸福

国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大五次会议上作政府工作报告时强调，切实保障和改善民生。把保障和改善民生作为政府工作的重要任务。要做到这一点，就是要以解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题为重点，高度关注民生热点问题，切实为人民群众排忧解难。     

目前越南南方民族民主革命中的工农联盟問题

不論在任何一个革命阶段里,工农联盟問題仍是头等重要的问题。没有工农联盟,就沒有民族統一战綫,就没有革命的胜利。今天,越南南方民族解放陣线正以牢固的工农联盟为基础,把广大的各阶层人民团結在自己的周围,把南方革命从胜利推向另一个胜利。     

苏联东欧国家在党群关系方面的教训

代表“最广大人民的根本利益”的实质是如何处理党与人民群众之间的关系,既是马克思主义的一个基本理论问题,也是共产党人的一个实践问题,贯穿于社会主义革命和建设的始终。搞好党群关系不是常常挂在嘴边上的说教,而是时时关系到群众切身利益的实事。不能以党和国家的名义,借口人民群众根本的或长远的利益来搞大而空的事情,从而伤害人民群众具体的切身利益。“公仆”和“主人”之间出现了严重的错位现象,不仅影响了党群关系,由此产生的党群之间的矛盾与冲突甚至成为苏东社会主义国家遭受重大挫折的主要原因。     

国家安全视角下的英国气候政策及其影响

目前,国际社会已经就气候变化及其对人类社会的影响基本达成共识,但很少有国家将气候变化问题提升到国家安全层面,更不用说采取实质性行动应对气候安全问题。英国在这方面走在了绝大多数国家前面,它不仅将气候变化问题纳入《国家安全战略》,而且还在实践中通过对外援助等方式,增强发展中国家特别是相对贫困的国家应对气候变化的能力。虽然其中不乏出于保障本国贸易和能源安全等方面的考虑,但不可否认,英国的行动和努力为推动国际社会重视气候变化与安全的关系问题发挥了重要作用。     

印度贫困农民的状况及政府的努力

印度农村贫困人口约占农村人口总数的70%以上.虽然印度政府每年都制定各种消除贫困的计划,向表列种姓、表列部族和落后阶层提供各种福利和援助,使得贫困人口在人口总数中所占百分比由50%以上降至36%,但贫困人口总数并没有大幅度减少.贫困问题仍然困扰着印度政府和人民.     

印度克拉拉邦基础教育制度考察

在分析发展中国家基础教育发展战略的文献中,印度克拉拉邦的基础教育发展模式常常被人们称为"支持导向"模式.本文的目的就在于分析克拉拉邦的这种基础教育发展模式的成就与存在的问题,并探讨形成这种发展模式的深层原因.通过对克拉拉邦基础教育模式的分析,本文认为中国有能力实现基础教育从"增长触发"战略向"支持导向"战略转型,但成功实现转型的关键在于全社会都能真正意识到享受基础教育是人的基本权利之一.     

为祖国独立民主和人民幸福生活加强团結、坚持斗争!

就在他儂继沙立大盜統治政权的短时間里,泰国人民就看透了他儂政府的真实面目。它和沙立政府一样把国家出卖給美国,同样是窃国殃民的独裁卖国政府。卽使他儂政府采取两面政策,对人民进行种种欺騙和威胁,但人民并沒有陷入它的圈套,相反地,自从他儂取得政权以来,人民群众一直在以各种形式进行坚决的反复的英勇斗爭,而且这一斗爭正日益向高潮发展。     

THE URGENCY OF LAND AND AGRARIAN REFORM IN RWANDA

The challenges which lie ahead for post-genocide Rwanda's economic,social and political development are closely related throughthe issue of land. The pressure from a high rate of populationgrowth, added to the paucity of economic opportunities outsidethe agricultural sector, is forcing people off the land andinto poverty. Society is under extreme stress. Over the lastdecade the fabric of Rwandan society has been torn, resultingin ethnic and social divisions which culminpted in the eventsof 1994. Since then, new groups have entered the competitionfor land. Decisions concerning land and agrarian reform willunavoidably benefit some groups within this fragmented societywhile disadvantaging others. This article approaches the landproblem from two perspectives: first, by situating its socio-economicdimension in a deeper historical context and second, by consideringit as a specifically contemporary socio-political problem. Thearticle discusses the latest proposals for land and agrarianreform. While pressure on land has, over time, weakened socialbonds, it remains doubtful whether the government has the politicalstrength—in the present unstable national and regionalpolitical climate—to carry out the necessary reinforcementof communal bonds which economic development appears to require.     

‘The Bedoun’: Kuwaitis without an Identity

The Bedoun (stateless/without nationality) in Kuwait constitute a controversial concurrent social, political and legal issue, which was and still is the subject of heated political debate, a vivid example of social conflict, and a platform of extensive legal deliberation concerning its thorny dimensions. The problem of Bedoun is not only politically and socially complex, but it has its problematic legal dimensions, which have made it, since the 1950s, a complex and chronic problem. The recent growing interest in addressing the issue and the extensive strife to determine its degree of complexity and entanglement could be ascribed to the margin of freedom enjoyed in Kuwait more than the rest of the Arabian Gulf states, since active social and political participation constitute the pillars of the democratic system in Kuwait, in light of the growing political and media freedoms and the focus on the Bedoun as a marginalized community legally, politically and socially. Therefore, the current problem of Bedoun constitutes the strongest internal concern for the Kuwaiti authorities and people after the external threats, especially because it has always been ignored or treated as a security issue at times. This study seeks to shed light on the issue of Bedoun to decipher its causes and its historical development until it became a pressing issue at government and community levels in the State of Kuwait. The study will avoid the complex legal and social complexities of the issue     

从泰国军人干政看发展中国家政治制度危机

军事政变不仅是一种军事行动,更是一种政治行动.本文试图通过对泰国军事政变的分析,探讨在发展中国家军人干政的原理.本文认为,政变的发生取决于一个国家的社会结构因素和政治制度因素,其中政治参与的无序化与领导人退出机制的不完善是引发军事政变的最重要原因.虽然军人干政在历史上曾经起过积极作用,但在现代社会,军人干政已经不适应甚至危害民主政治的发展.为解决这个问题,发展中国家应该从调整社会结构、扩大政治参与和提升政治制度化水平等三个方面持续地付出努力.     

ICTs for poverty reduction in Thailand

It is believed that the main causes of poverty in Thailand are the lack of knowledge and management skills. This belief is confirmed by the UN's Millennium Development Goals in which Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) are identified as suitable instruments for poverty reduction. If people and communities are empowered with ICT to access information and knowledge, they can use these tools as a base for education, analysis, thinking, and problem solving. Using ICTs can also lead to the creation of a knowledge-based society for accelerating broad-based growth and for poverty reduction. In this paper, the author provides a number of practical examples from the study "IT for Poverty Reduction" in Thailand, carried out by the National Electronics and Computer Technology Center. With an appropriate sequencing of the projects, as planned and experienced by Thailand, several interesting results can be obtained. The author concludes that use of ICT to create opportunities and develop potential to increase revenue for the people and communities will positively drive the developing economies.     

‘Things are not working now’: poverty,food insecurity and perceptions of corruption in urban Malawi

ABSTRACT

Malawi is one of the world's least urbanised countries, but its cities are growing rapidly and poverty in urban Malawi is becoming a prominent political issue. Food insecurity is a widespread manifestation of urban poverty in Africa, especially in informal settlements. This article is based on in-depth interviews with food insecure residents of Lilongwe’s informal settlements who, when asked why they were food insecure, overwhelmingly pointed to the Cashgate corruption scandal as a cause. There have been many political corruption scandals in Malawi, but the Cashgate scandal, which was revealed in September 2013 and reverberated throughout the political culture, has been among the most prominent and consequential of these scandals. The article seeks to contribute to literature on the political dimensions of urban food security in Africa while also presenting a way of understanding corruption from the point of view of vulnerable people whose lives have been directly and indirectly affected.     

泰国的禁毒运动

制毒、贩毒和吸毒是当今世界最大的公害之一。它跟艾滋病、恐怖主义一样,是人类的大敌。目前全世界毒品的种植、生产和消费仍呈蔓延和发展的趋势,毒品问题已成为全球性的问题,几乎没有一个国家能幸免于难。地处世界著名毒源“金三角”的泰国,更是在劫难逃,长期受到毒品的危害和困扰,可以说,毒品已成为泰国国家安全与稳定的主要威胁之一。他信政府自2001年2月上台执政以来,把禁毒作为与脱贫、治贪并列的三大施政目标之一。他信认为,毒品是泰国当前的大敌,防毒反毒是政府的当务之急,提出了向“毒品宣战”的口号。近三年,由于措施得力,行动果断,所以扫毒工作战果累累。泰国政府禁毒的成功将不仅造福于全体泰国人民,也将为整个亚洲乃至全世界的禁毒斗争做出历史性贡献。     

Einkommensreich – verm?gensarm? Die Zusammensetzung von Verm?gen und die Bedeutung einzelner Verm?genskomponenten im europ?ischen Vergleich

Recently, a growing number of researchers claim that income is only one dimension of social inequality. Neglecting wealth as a more profound measure of an entity??s financial situation can lead to a misleading or even wrong understanding of social inequalities. This article examines the relationship between income and wealth among elderly people in 13 European countries and tries to answer the following two research questions: Are the income-rich also the asset-rich? And what is the composition of wealth within different income groups? The analyses show that higher wealth often goes along with higher income, whereas a high income does not necessarily correlate with high wealth. Instead, in relation to the amount of wealth they possess, the asset-rich do not dispose of a high income. This may be an indicator that income is not the most important mechanism for the accumulation of wealth in the upper part of the wealth distribution. In general the wealth portfolio of asset-rich households is much broader and therefore less ??crises-prone?? than of the asset-poor. Homeownership is the central component in the wealth portfolio of households. For the lowest income quartiles it is often the only meaningful asset. Summing up, the previous income-based definition of poverty and wealth proves to be inadequate. Analyzing wealth in addition to income, it may turn out that the often proclaimed problem of old-age poverty has been either under- or overestimated.     

少子高龄化对日本经济的影响及启示——基于劳动力供给的视角

随着日本少子高龄化问题的不断加剧,日本经济受到严重影响,尤其对日本劳动力市场带来巨大挑战。目前,日本劳动力供给数量不足、年龄结构老化、年轻人失业率上升等问题日益凸显,女性劳动力、外国劳动力供给数量的增加虽然对劳动力不足有一定的弥补作用,但不能从根本上解决问题。日本政府一直高度重视少子高龄化带来的问题,并且积极采取措施解决劳动力供给不足现状,促进经济增长。对于少子高龄化速度不断加快的中国来说,为避免出现与日本相似的劳动力供给问题,政府应采取促进经济发展、落实全面放开二胎政策、完善社会保障制度、发展老龄产业等措施,防止未来中国劳动力供给不足问题的出现。     

习近平关于加强党的政治建设的理论探析——基于《摆脱贫困》的研究

习近平在宁德地区工作期间大力推进闽东地区经济发展、脱贫致富,同时也十分重视抓党的政治建设,强调必须坚持马克思主义的指导地位,增强为人民服务的党性观念;加强党的政治领导,充分发挥党组织的核心作用;从严治党,清廉从政,把廉政建设引向深入;坚持走群众路线,练好密切联系群众这个基本功。习近平在宁德期间关于党的政治建设的理论思考,对于当前中国共产党加强党的政治建设具有十分重要的时代价值。     

The viability of the welfare state in Botswana

ABSTRACT

Vulnerability, mainly manifesting in poverty, economic risk and insecurities of life, is a universal problem. There are huge pockets of vulnerability in the developing world, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan African states provide social welfare goods to address vulnerability. Social welfare programmes cost money, hence, there is a need to consider issues of sustainability, particularly, given constrained revenue envelopes. Similarly, while Botswana has posted developmental successes, there are vulnerabilities such as poverty, unemployment and income inequality which demand intervention through welfare programmes. Thus, the objective of this desktop study was to discuss the state's response to vulnerability. It concluded that Botswana funds welfare programmes. However, there are affordability challenges, mainly, a constrained post-2007 fiscal space calls into question the viability of the welfare state. The general lesson from the case is that while the welfare state goes to the heart of the social contract, its viability must be guaranteed through reforms.