知识产权法的制度创新本质与知识创新目标

创新是知识产权法的历史过程与时代使命。知识产权法的创新意义,表现在其本身的制度创新与所追求的知识创新两个方面。知识产权法产生、变革和发展的历史,即为科技、文化创新与法律制度创新相互作用、相互促进的历史。理想的知识产权制度应是持续激励创新的制度,也是自身不断创新的制度。现代知识产权法存在可能发生的"制度风险",影响或制约着创新发展目标的实现。国家与社会事务的管理者具有"政治企业家"的角色担当,作为创新制度的最大供给者,应在知识产权法的主体意识层面、制度设计层面以及社会运行层面作出理性反思和积极应对。     

科技、经济、法律协调机制中的知识产权法

在法律制度体系中 ,知识产权法与科技、经济有着特殊的联系。它是近代商品经济与科学技术发展的产物 ,也是私法领域财产“非物质化革命”的结果。知识产权制度的构建 ,出于知识财产化与产权制度化的合理要求。它的产生与发展 ,是一个科技创新与制度创新的过程 ,也是科技、经济、法律协调发展的过程。     

创新驱动发展与知识产权制度变革

以知识产权制度为载体的创新驱动发展战略是十八大报告以及十八届三中全会所确立的国家战略。以创新驱动发展为己任的知识产权制度是创新发展战略、国家竞争战略和强国富民战略。创新驱动发展战略的实施必须依靠知识产权制度不断革故鼎新。国内外经验证明,创新驱动发展一直引领着知识产权制度的变革。我国知识产权制度发展经历了被动立法期、被动调整期和适应期,现在已经迈入主动调整期。展望未来,我国应以创新驱动发展打造知识产权制度升级版,为方兴未艾的第六次科技革命提供制度支撑。     

完善科技创新法律制度的几点思考

当前我国的科技创新法制建设取得了显著成效,初步形成了一整套与科技创新活动有关的法律规范,但仍然存在重政策、轻法律等问题;科技创新离不开法律制度的保障,科技创新是一个不断进步的动态过程,为其提供保障的法律制度也需要不断创新、完善。     

论我国科技创新法律制度的不足与完善

随着我国建设“创新型国家”战略的提出,科学技术发生着日新月异的变化,大量创新成果不断出现.法律做为调整社会关系的重要制度在规制科技创新方面目前不够完善,造成许多创新成果得不到法律保护、法律适用困难等问题,严重影响了人们的创新积极性,甚至阻碍了科技的发展.因此,完善我国科技创新法律制度十分必要.本文通过分析我国当前科技法制存在的问题,提出了相应对策,试为科技创新寻求完善的法律保护制度.     

我国农村土地制度变迁的路径依赖及其创新

建国后,我国农村土地制度几经变革,最终确立了集体所有、农户经营的家庭联产承包责任制,这是制度变迁的路径依赖发挥作用的结果。而我国农村土地制度进一步的演进及其创新仍要受到路径依赖的推动。本文依据制度变迁的路径依赖理论,分析了家庭联产承包责任制的确立和演进,在此基础上进一步提出了我国农村土地制度的创新模式及其基本框架。     

论技术创新的制度条件

经济发展不仅是技术条件的函数，而且受制度条件的制约，技术的进步与创新需要一系列相宜的制度条件：市场制度、产权制度、激励制度和避险制度等。要加快技术创新步伐，就必须在清规立制、制度创新上多下工夫。     

我国消费者保护法律制度变迁的经济分析

我国消费者保护法律制度是适应市场经济发展的需要而不断变迁和创新的一种制度安排。"潜在利润"是制度变迁的内在原因,制度"企业家"、政府部门、消费者组织等是推动制度变迁的重要力量,从以政府为主维权向支持消费者投诉的转化应成为制度变迁的方向。     

新中国律师收费制度的变迁

律师收费制度是一国律师制度的重要内容,也是影响律师制度发展与完善的重要因素。自从新中国成立以来,我国的律师收费制度经历了一个变迁过程,这种变迁是我国政治经济发展在不同时期的客观反映,并实实在在地影响着我国律师制度的发展与完善。     

对法律制度的一种经济学理解

依据新制度经济学的定义 ,法律作为政府按一定程序有意识创造的一系列正式规则 ,也是一种制度安排形式 ,且在全部制度形式中居于核心地位。法律制度主要通过激励、配置、保险和约束的作用 ,向人们提供旨在建立一种秩序的服务。法律制度变迁和创新是法律制度的供给者或决定者与接受者或需求者在制度市场上交易法律制度这一特殊商品的过程。法律制度本身也是一种重要的资源。     

地方科技进步立法与科技创新规律的协调研究

科技创新对社会的发展起着巨大的促进作用,地方科技立法要促进科技创新的发展必须遵循科技创新规律,符合科技进步的内在要求。但目前地方科技立法与科技创新规律不协调的状况依旧存在,地方科技进步立法须作进一步完善,须充分发挥科技人员的积极性,加大投入,促进科技成果的转化,鼓励可持续创新。     

浅论提升吉林省科技创新能力

党的十八大报告指出：科技创新是提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑,必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置.同样,提高科技创新能力也是促进区域经济可持续发展的重要动力源泉.目前,吉林省正处经济转型发展的关键时期,因此,加大政府对科技创新的支持力度、充分发挥企业自主创新的主体作用、建立产学研合作体系等是提升吉林省科技创新能力的重要途径.     

Innovating from big science research

Increasing scientific knowledge demands technological breakthroughs beyond industrial innovation activity. Using this as a basic motivation for R&D collaboration between industry and big science, the paper reports a systematic approach to exploit the technological treasures embedded in experimental basic research. Based on a systematic technology breakdown and mapping of each technological trajectory with possible application areas, the method enables one to direct joint efforts on the most prominent research topics. Yet, to achieve this active partners are needed to enter the innovative conversion process to turn scientific ambitions into commercial products. Some industrial companies practicing active R&D strategy have realized this, and the paper outlines some cases where the product innovation, is not the only motivation to enter big science collaboration. Putting all this together, and knowing the severe financial and political pressures the major scientific research labs are facing, the paper defines the practical procedures needed to initiate the process which eventually leads to better technological return from fundamental research.     

我国科技评价法律制度的反思与重构

尽管我国科技事业取得了很大发展，但是科技评价法律体系的缺乏在一定程度上导致了科技领域自主创新能力不足。因此，建立起与科技创新相适应的科技评价制度势在必行。     

The Politicization of Science and Technology: Its Implications for Nanotechnology

The development of nanotechnology intensifies challenges to the traditional understanding of how to pursue scientific and technological knowledge. Science can no longer be construed simply as the ideal of the quest for truth (i.e., "pure science"). Science has become the source of economic power and political power. In this paper, I argue that nanotechnology is a cardinal exemplar of "this politicization." At the same time, I assert that this new scientific ethos offers the possibility of a better integration of ethical and philosophical reflections at the core of scientific and technological development.     

Transforming the Post-Soviet Research Systems Through Incubating Technological Entrepreneurship

For many years the Soviet Union and the Eastern block countries (member countries of the former Warsaw pact) had been considered as the main military competitors of the western countries buttressed in their struggle against the West by their economic and scientific resources. The Warsaw pact countries had high levels of R&D investments, a large number of researchers and engineers, and diverse research facilities. On the other hand, output indicators (patent applications, number of papers, scientific citations, etc.), and especially the rates of technological innovation were not so impressive. This paper analyzes the sources of these differences with special attention to the functions played by science and technology (S&T) programs in the formerly communist societies of Europe and Russia. The dynamics of changes in the R&D potential in these countries are considered along with ways and possible scenarios of convergence towards the national systems of innovation of developed western economies. Special emphasis is assigned to the constructive role that technology transfer and commercialization processes along with the use of a network of virtual incubators and the promotion of technological entrepreneurship, can play in fostering a socio-economic renaissance in Eastern Europe and Russia.     

Towards a Policy Framework for the Use of Knowledge in Innovation Systems

Policies meant to stimulate knowledge intensive innovation, should be based on a sound and realistic view how knowledge, especially scientific and technological, is used in innovation processes, and the workings of the innovation system and the complex flow of knowledge within it. Report is given on recent attempts in the Netherlands to formulate a policy framework that avoids basic assumptions of linear models of innovation. Instead, the framework is based on the interactive and cyclical ways knowledge is used in innovation systems. In case studies it is shown that application of the framework may help in analytical clarification. It is argued that it is important to introduce the framework on an intermediary level in policy making for two main reasons. Firstly, it enables to abstract from the institutions in the research infrastructure and to bring the discussion on such a level that the philosophy behind those institutions can be questioned. Secondly, the framework brings coherence in the discussions what should be done and why. The latter particularly applies to strategic discussions, such as resource allocation between science inspired by ‘science itself’ or ‘science inspired by society.’     

论科学技术发展对法律的影响

科学技术发展对法律有影响深远,但是也有许多限制。科学技术发展促进了法律的深化,集中体现在科技法及其重要组成部分的知识产权法的产生和发展上。科学技术发展又从人与自然关系的高度,促进生态法的诞生与发展。     

关于吉林省科技人才开发的基本构想

科学技术是第一生产力,而科学技术的直接创造者和载体是各级各类科技人才,因此,对科技人才的开发与利用十分重要一、芩文在分析目前吉林省科技人才队伍存在的问题及原因的基础上．结合吉林省振兴吉林老工业基地的实际以及对人才的需求情况．提出了吉林省科技人才开发的基本构想。     

科技法律责任的特性与制度优化

科学技术在为人类社会带来便利的同时也带来了许多科技风险.在风险社会中完善的科技法律责任对科技社会法律治理、科技法律体系化建设、传统法律责任体系突破、科技强国建设以及科学技术标准化发展都具有重要意义.通过对中国现有主要科技基本法律文本的分析,可以看出中国现行科技法律责任体现为三大传统法律责任的综合,且其中行政法律责任占据主导地位.风险社会,行政法律责任主导的科技法律责任制度并不足以有效应对科学技术活动过程中产生的科技风险,致使无法实现科技活动的有效法律治理.为此,建议转变传统的行政法规制的科技立法理念,引入私法自治理念,加强科研人员权利保障.与此同时,为全面促进科学技术活动中的科技法律责任制度建设,建议在科技研发、成果转化以及成果应用等各个阶段严格遵循技术标准化和专利许可的控制策略,以对风险社会中的科技法律责任进行补充和完善,从而实现科技法所具有的调整科技活动的根本价值目标.