Hybrid Warfare,International Negotiation,and an Experiment in “Remote Convening”

The authors are leading a multinational effort to understand the effects of “hybrid” warfare on international commercial negotiation. The start-up process is itself essentially a negotiation, among about forty individual practitioners and scholars with very diverse backgrounds, over whether and how they will work together. In a pandemic, a key risk is that the necessary cooperation and trust will be harder to build, particularly among professionals who are dealing with security-sensitive issues and who have never met each other. This article discusses the current necessity of replacing the in-person model for eliciting such cooperation which the authors had developed previously for large collaborative projects, and describes a “remote convening” replacement process.     

Cultural Considerations When “Setting” The Negotiation Table

Four major considerations involving cultural issues and pre-negotiationwere discussed at this session. They are: how language serves as a methodfor accessing culture; how and by whom interventions might take place;social identity and the sources of distinctions among people; and methodologicalchallenges posed by cross-cultural issues. The essay concludes witha series of questions for future researchers which emerged from the discussionat the session.     

Hostage Diplomacy: Britain,China, and the Politics of Negotiation, 1967–1969

During the radical phase of the Cultural Revolution in 1967–1969, China's violation of the diplomatic norms of the international community reached an unprecedented level. Two dozen British diplomats and private citizens on the mainland became de facto hostages of their host government. In response to China's hostage-taking, the British government preferred quiet diplomacy to extreme retaliation such as a rupture of diplomatic relations and economic sanctions. It focused on negotiations through minimal publicity and reciprocal gestures. But in China, the British found a culturally different negotiating partner that was obsessed with principles rather than details. Through a step-by-step negotiating approach recommended by the Sinologists in the British Mission, London was finally successful in securing the release of its detained nationals. The lesson of Britain's quiet diplomacy was a culture-sensitive approach to negotiation and the ability to separate the hostage question from the wider political and economic relationship that would facilitate the resolution of future hostage crises.     

Is Unilateralism Always Bad? Negotiation Lessons from Israel's “Unilateral” Gaza Withdrawal

Using the 2005 unilateral Israeli withdrawal from Gaza as a case study, this article exposes an apparent paradox: circumstances may exist in which an outcome that serves the interests of parties to a conflict cannot be achieved through bilateral negotiation but can be achieved by unilateral action. Although the withdrawal was seen at the time as serving the interests of both the Israeli government and the Palestinians, we argue that the same result could not have been achieved through bilateral negotiations. “Behind‐the‐table” internal conflicts on each side would have made it impossible for the leaders to agree on the scope of these negotiations. Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's success in implementing his Gaza withdrawal was attributable in significant measure to his ability to maintain ambiguity about his long‐run plans for the West Bank. Only by focusing attention on Gaza was he able to build the necessary coalition to implement the controversial move. The Palestinian leaders, on the other hand, could never have agreed to come to the table to negotiate about Gaza alone — they would have insisted that the scope of any negotiations address a broad range of final status issues. In this article, we identify some of the lessons that the Gaza example teaches regarding the utility and limits of unilateralism as well as the benefits and potential costs of employing ambiguity as a strategy to help accomplish a controversial move. Finally, we also explore the aftermath of the withdrawal and its many missed opportunities for improving the outcome. We suggest that, even when acting unilaterally, leaders should carefully consider the probable impact of their actions on the internal conflicts of their adversaries.     

How Valid Is Negotiation Research Based on Student Sample Groups? New Insights into a Long‐Standing Controversy

Although a considerable amount of research has examined the impact of experience on negotiation behavior and performance, we still know very little about the usefulness of student samples in negotiation research because most studies have compared the performance of inexperienced students with those who had received some kind of extensive negotiation training or with experienced professional negotiators(s). Against this background, we investigate whether the results obtained from trained student samples are generally similar to those of professional negotiators. Generally, our data confirm our hypotheses that students with some negotiation training and experience perform better than untrained student negotiators and that they are not significantly outperformed by professional negotiators. From this, we conclude that many questions in the field of negotiation research can be effectively tested by using trained students as experimental subjects.     

Simultaneous in Growth and Different in Problems

Lu: On many occasions, politics and economy are in the same strain. Economic life is the only process that runs through history and undergoes environmental changes. World economy is the only world system. In today's world, the closer ties among various countries in e- conomy cause the complexity of political and foreign affairs. Last year's world economy took on a new feature. According to past experiences, when the economy in a region turns better, problems will usually arise in another regi…     

Invest in Guizhou,Invest in the Future

Guizhou Province is a place rich in recourses with great development potential. Due to various reasons, Guizhou is out of people's knowledge scope for a long time. Moreover, its unique economic advantages and development potential are not known. Actually, Guizhou enjoys lots of favorable conditions, some of them are unique to itself compared with other provinces. The following is some of the details.Firstly, Guizhou has a very special location. In many people's mind, Guizhou is a place far …     

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ＮｅｗｓｉｎＢｒｉｅｆＭｒ．ＷｕＸｕｅｑｉａｎ，Ｖｉｃｅ－ｃｈａｉｒｍａｎｏｆＣＰＰＣＣａｎｄＰｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｏｆＣＡＦＩＵ，ｏｎＪａｎｕａｒｙ２１，１９９４ｍｅｔｗｉｔｈＭｒ．ＹａｍａｍｏｔｏＫＯＩＣＨＩ，ｗｅｌｌ－ｋｎｏｗｎｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｐｈ...     

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ＮｅｗｓｉｎＢｒｉｅｆ￥ｂｙＬｉＪｉｎ（１）ＡｔｔｈｅｉｎｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣＡＦＩＵ．Ｄｒ．ＯｌｏｆＪｏｈａｎｓｓｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｏｆＵｍｅａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＫｉｎｇｄｏｍｏｆＮｏ...     

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ＮｅｗｓｉｎｒｉｅｆｂｙＬｉＪｉｎ１．ＡｔｔｈｅｉｎｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＵｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ，ｔｈｅＭｏｒａｌＲｅａｒｍａｍｅｎｔＯｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ５－ｍｅｍｂｅｒ...     

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(1)AttheinvitationofCAFIU,a3-memberdelegationoftheJordanianAssociationforInternationalAffairsvisitedChinafromJuly7to15,1998.ThedelegationwasheadedbyMr.AWADAL-KHALIDI,whowasaformerJordanianstateminister.ThiswasthefirstdelegationtheAssociationhassenttovisitChina.TheJordanianguestscametoestablishcontactsandcooperationwithCAFIU,tolearnaboutChina'sdomesticandforeignpolicies,reformandopeningup,andtohaveanexchangeofviewsonotherissuesofmutualinterest.DuringtheirstayinBeijing,MadameHeLu…     

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ＮｅｗｓｉｎＢｒｉｅｆｂｙＬｉＪｉｎ（１）ＡｔｔｈｅｉｎｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣＡＦＩＵ，Ｍｒ．ａｎｄＭｒｓ．ＢｉｌＬｅｅ，ｆｒｉｅｎｄｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＡｕｓｔｒａｌｉａｎＲｏｔａｒｙＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ，ｖｉｓｉｔｅｄＣｈｉｎａｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅ...     

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ＮｅｗｓｉｎＢｒｉｅｆｂｙＬｉＪｉｎ１．ＡｔｔｈｅｉｎｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣＡＦＩＵ，ａ３－ｍｅｍｂｅｒｄｅｌｅｇａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅＳｐａｒｋｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌＣｏｍｐａｎｙｈｅａｄｅｄｂｙＭｒ．ＴｏｓｈｉｄａｄａＴａｋａｇｉ，Ｄ...     

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ＮｅｗｓｉｎＢｒｉｅｆ１．Ｍｒ．ＳｕｚｕｋｉＨｉｄｅｊｉ，ＳｅｃｒｅｔａｒｙｏｆＭｅｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅＨｏｕｓｅｏｆＲｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｓ，ＴａｋｅｕｃａｉＴａｋｅｓｈｉ，Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ－ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｏｆｔｈｅＪａｐａｎ－ＣｈｉｎａＥｃｏ...     

Experience in Ruhr

ＥｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｉｎＲｕｈｒＳｏｎｇＣｈｅｎｇｙｕＲｕｈｒＧｅｂｉｅｔ，ｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎＮｏｒｄｒｈｅｉｎＷｅｓｔｆａｌｅｎＬａｎｄｏｆＧｅｒｍａｎｙ，ｉｓｆａｍｏｕｓｆｏｒｉｔｓａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｉｒｏｎａｎｄｓｔｅｅｌａｎｄｃｏａｌｉｎｄｕｓ...     

Minorities in China

<正>I visited China last October at an invitation from the Chinese Association for International Understanding. During that visit I had the priviledge of visiting the minority village of Yi in ChuXiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. After visiting the said village and staying overnight observing their habits culture etc,     

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(1) Mr. Zhang Xiangshan, Advisor tothe Chinese Association for InternationalUnderstanding (CAFIU for short), metwith Mr. Shiranishi Shin Ichiro at requeston April 3, 2000. The latter is Councilmember of the Japan-China Association.(2) On April 4, CAFIU Vice-PresidentYu Wen met with and hosted a dinner inhonor of Mr. Kaminski, who is ExecutiveVice President of the Austria-China Friendship Association and was on a visit to China.Mr. Yu Wen expressed thanks on behalf ofCAFIU P…     

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(1)AttheinvitationofCAFIU,Mr.&Mrs.JohanssofromthePoliticsDepart-mentoftheUmeaUniversityofSwedenandMr.PaulDredessonfromtheWisconsinU-niversityofUS,visitedBejingfromJanuary7to12.(2)Mi.WangJinsheng,SecretaryGeneralofCAFIU,metwithMr.YasudaFumio,DirectoroftheBeijingOfficeoftheJapaneseInternati0nalExchangeFbundatboonJanUarylO.BohsidesmpedthewiShofstrengtheningtiesforfuforemption.(3)onJanwl2,Mi.wangJdegodwithMi.HerbeJess,MiniseroftheGerInanEmbasst0Chin,andCXtendedthankstotheGer…     

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Ｎｅｗｓ　ｉｎ　ＢｒｉｅｆＮｅｗｓｉｎＢｒｉｅｆ￥ｂｙＬｉＪｉｎ（１）Ｍｒ．ＪａｍｅＬａｃｓｏｎ，ＣｈｉｅｆＥｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅｉｎｃｈａｒｇｅｏｆＳｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔＡｓｉａＡｆｆａｉｒｓｏｆｔｈｅＰＬＡＮＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ，ｖｉｓｉｔｅｄＣｈ...