共查询到14条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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Using Dasymetric Mapping for Spatially Aggregated Crime Data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
With availability of crime data to the public via sources such as the Uniform Crime Reports, and increasing geographic information system (GIS) capabilities for mapping crime, macro-level studies of crime have advanced knowledge of how crime is distributed over large areas. Choropleth mapping, commonly used in macro-level studies, visually displays data by assigning the number of crimes or crime rate to the corresponding spatial unit and using different shades or textures for each value or classified values creating a thematic map. However, crime incidents or crime rates are not dispersed evenly within spatial units, and choropleth mapping masks the underlying nuances of the distribution. Artificial boundaries, along with variations in the size of the unit of analysis, can further distort the true distribution of crime. Dasymetric mapping provides a methodology for refining the distribution of crime within a spatial unit. It does so by using additional data, such as land use and census data, to provide a realistic estimate of how crime may be distributed within the units of analysis. Dasymetric mapping is also useful in creating density maps to reveal clusters of crime normally masked with choropleth maps. This paper will show how dasymetric mapping can estimate the spatial distribution of aggregate level residential burglary within political boundaries in Massachusetts based on land use and housing data. 相似文献
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论视频监控的犯罪预防功能及犯罪侦查价值 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
各国的犯罪预防理论发展至今,已经形成了比较完善的犯罪预防体系,主要包括司法预防、社会预防和情景预防三种模式。在我国的犯罪预防体系中,向来重视司法预防和社会预防,而对情景预防关注不够,情景预防措施尚不完善。作为一种对犯罪的干预,视频监控是一种对情境犯罪的干预,研究发掘其在犯罪预防中的作用对完善犯罪预防体系具有重要意义。同时,视频监控系统在犯罪侦查方面也具有重要作用。 相似文献
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Janet Warren Roland Reboussin Robert R. Hazelwood Andrea Cummings Natalie Gibbs Susan Trumbetta 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1998,14(1):35-59
This study, derived from a sample of 108 serial rapists (rapes=565), examines the relationship between demographic, crime scene, and criminal history variables and the distance traveled by serial rapists in order to offend. The pattern of offenses perpetrated by each of the 108 serial offenders as it relates to his place of residence is also analyzed in terms of known characteristics of the offender and his offenses. The theoretical focus of the study integrates premises derived from criminal investigative analysis, environmental criminology, ethnographic geography, journey to crime research, and criminal geographic targeting to explore the cognitive symmetry between the how and the where of serial sexual offenses. These components or dimensions of serial crime are explored in an attempt to aid law enforcement in their investigation of hard-to-solve serial crimes. 相似文献
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Measuring the Geographical Displacement and Diffusion of Benefit Effects of Crime Prevention Activity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The displacement of crime is an important criminological phenomenon. However, while there has been theoretical discussion of this issue in the research literature, there has been little in the way of either standardized empirical work that investigates the incidence of displacement or in the development of techniques that can be used to measure it. In the current paper we discuss a new technique, the weighted displacement quotient (WDQ), that was developed to measure the geographical displacement of crime. A critical feature of the rationale is that displacement can only be attributed to crime prevention activity if crime is reduced in the target area considered. Thus, the WDQ not only measures what occurs in a buffer (displacement) zone but also relates changes in this area to those in the target area. Part of the appeal of the measure is that it can be used either with aggregate or disaggregate crime data and for any geographical boundary selected, provided the appropriate data are available. In addition to detecting displacement, when detailed data are available, the technique can also be used to identify where the effect was most prominent. The WDQ can equally be used to measure the diffusion of benefit of any crime prevention activity. A series of examples are presented for illustration purposes. 相似文献
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恶意欠薪罪若干问题探究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
把《刑法修正案(八)》第41条新增设的罪名定位为恶意欠薪罪,不仅更为形象、生动与简洁,更加符合本罪的犯罪构成,而且还能够全面反映本罪的本质属性。恶意欠薪罪的现有立法规定尚有不明确之处或根本性缺陷,应予以解释或改进。其中,应把本罪的主观方面解释为"恶意",把本罪的客观方面限定为"情节犯",以合理划定本罪的犯罪圈。同时,还应舍弃客观的处罚条件,而采用一种二元化犯罪模式,以有效遏制恶意欠薪行为。 相似文献
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提供虚假财会报告罪是一种面临特定伦理基础的法定犯,也是国家通过刑法重建市场信用规则 的一种手段。该罪保护的法益(即犯罪客体)是一种超个人的社会法益,即公司的信息公开制度。 因此,提供虚假财会报告罪犯罪构成模式应由结果本位向行为本位转换,同时,在定罪时也要考 虑量的因索,处罚最值得处罚的行为。 相似文献
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论环境犯罪严格责任原则之有限适用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
环境犯罪是否适用严格责任是刑法理论界长期存在较大争议的一个理论难题。严格责任引入环境犯罪固然有助于严厉打击环境犯罪、减轻检控机关证明责任、提高诉讼效率等司法效益,但同时也必然带来扩大对环境犯罪的打击面、突破传统刑法罪过理论以及随意出入罪等司法弊端。而现代刑事法治的一个基本要求是要在惩罚犯罪和保障人权之间保持平衡,以牺牲人权保障来换取惩罚犯罪的司法成效是得不偿失的。环境犯罪中引入严格责任同样必须合理平衡惩罚犯罪和保障人权这两大诉讼目的,应当严格控制环境犯罪适用严格责任,即只能为了有效保护被害人和社会公共利益而在有限的范围内使用,必须受到法定条件的严格规范,且必须重视推定等证明方法的贯彻和运用。 相似文献
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论罪刑法定原则的社会基础 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
罪刑法定原则的立法化 ,当然离不了学者们的创构与证成 ,但是关键还在于社会的现实需要。在一定意义上讲 ,罪刑法定原则的立法化与社会的现实结构紧密相关。在中国 ,伴随着一元化社会结构的是源远流长的刑事类推制度 ,而随着市民社会的兴起和二元化社会结构的成长 ,罪刑法定原则终于实现了立法化。 相似文献
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This study utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis (SA) technology to address the problems associated with prediction of location and effective recovery of dumped and scattered human remains in Louisiana. The goals are to determine if a selective bias exists in Louisiana as to where and when human remains are dumped and to assess whether or not geographically specific patterns exist in the dispersal of human remains. We hypothesized that a positive relationship exists between postmortem interval (PMI) and dispersal distance, and that there are negative relationships between PMI and dispersal direction and between dispersal direction and distance. Our results indicate that, in Louisiana, remains are more often dumped in rural areas away from a structure, and are found within (1/4) mile of the nearest road. For Louisiana, no seasonal bias was found in the analysis of when remains are dumped. Furthermore, with the exception of the relationship between PMI and the shortest distance remains were dispersed, no geographically specific patterns were detected in the analyses of dispersal distance, dispersal direction, and PMI. 相似文献
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