如何有效地利用专利合作条约（PCT）向国外申请专利

PCT是专利合作条约的简称,这一条约有九十多个国家和组织参加。我国于1994年1月1日正式参加该条约,它为我国申请人向国外申请专利提供了一条新的途径。如何有效地利用PCT程序,令其最大限度的在向国外申请专利中发挥效力,与申请人和代理人密切相关。 为了具体说明PCT国际专利申请的特点,下面先对其具体程序进行一个简单的介绍: 这一途径的程序大致如下:     

如何申请欧洲专利

问:欧洲专利公约的颁布实施,对申请人申请欧洲多国专利提供了方便、快捷、省钱的途径。那么如何有效地利用欧洲专利公约申请欧洲专利?申请程序又如何呢? 答:欧洲专利局(European Patent Office)是根据欧洲专利公约,于1978年正式成立的一个政府间组织。其主要职能是负责欧洲专利的申请、审批及授权工作。欧洲     

各国和地区有关基因的专利保护情况

(一)奥地利 奥地利专利法中直接援引了欧洲专利条约的许多条款，而且奥地利专利局执行的标准也是欧洲专利局的标准。但是奥地利和欧洲专利公约的其他成员国不同，对人体器官以及从人体分离得到的其他产品，如细胞系、基因、DNA序列等，是禁止申请专利的。     

适当选择专利类型切实保护申请人的利益

我国实用新型和外观设计专利授权均采用初步审查制,其授权快、成本低的特点深受我国中小企业和个人的欢迎。但是,由于中小企业和个人普遍缺乏专利法律知识,有关的专利代理人往往只在各自所属的实用新型和外观设计领域对申请专利提供咨询和代理,因此在实践中确实存在着诸多申请因没有选择适当的专利类型而无法充分保护申请人利益的情况。没有     

要求发明和实用新型专利申请的本国优先权需要注意哪些问题？

问:要求发明和实用新型专利申请的本 国优先权需要注意哪些问题? 答:专利申请的优先权规定源于1883年的<保护工业产权巴黎公约>,其目的是为了便于该公约的缔约国国民在其本国提出专利申请以后,有一定的期限准备就同一主题向其它缔约国申请专利.     

选择合适的专利保护类型：发明或实用新型

作为专利代理人,在工作中常常会遇到专利申请人或发明人提出的一个问题,那就是:这项发明创造到底是应该申请发明专利呢,还是实用新型专利? 而这也确实是在申请专利前必须要认真考虑的问题,因为根据法律规定,发明专利和实用新型专利在保护范围、授权程序、保护期限等方面具有各自不同的特点,因此选择恰当的申请类型不但可以大大增加专利申请获得授权的可能性,还可以在费用支出、保护的有效性及保护期限等方面使专利申请人的利益得到最大体现。 那么怎样才能为一项发明创造选择合适的专利申请类型呢?首先需要了解的是我国法律对发明专利和     

专利文献中的普通技术知识

本文探讨了专利文献中所记载的普通技术知识,分析了普通技术知识与现有技术、公知常识之间的关系,借鉴了欧洲专利局关于普通技术知识的定义.在此基础上,本文还对公开不充分审查中是否应当进行检索,如何看待申请人所提供的证明、公众如何阅读专利文献,以及申请人撰写专利文献的尺度等问题进行了讨论.     

专利保护与强制许可

本文简要回顾了强制许可制度在巴黎公约中产生的历史过程和意义,介绍了TRIPS协议对有关强制许可的主要规定和国际上对有关药品专利问题和强制许可问题的关注。本文对中国专利法中的强制许可制度进行了扼要分析,指出强制许可的主要作用是威慑和劝阻,并未与专利的正常利用不合理地冲突,也并未不合理地损害专利所有人的合法利益。     

《专利合作条约》的国际申请程序及其好处

国际申请程序是由《专利合作条约》规定的一种申请专利的途径。《专利合作条约》(下称条约)是《保护工业产权巴黎公约》(下称巴黎公约)下属的专门性国际条约,于1970年6月19日由35个国家在华盛顿签订,由总部设在日内瓦的世界知识产权组织管辖,现有缔约国50个,美、日、英、法、德、俄等所有工业发达国家都在其中。专利权作为财产权的主要特点之一是其地域性。就是说,一个国家授予的专利权只在该国     

中国镍白铜技术发明演变为“德国银”专利的历史考证

通过对欧洲现存专利文本、科学实验及调查研究,证明在19世纪初西方曾利用中国古代冶金技术史上一项重要发明——镍白铜技术发明申请专利并获得保护,随后出现了"德国银"生产的兴起。西方近代史是资本主义萌芽、产生、确立的历史,也是专利制度建立的历史,在这一时期,中国科技、经济却从兴盛走向落后。西方曾经盗用中国技术并申请专利保护,故此应该让人们加强知识产权保护意识,保护自己民族的发明创造。     

A scale for measuring propensity for abusiveness

A brief self-report is described that assesses propensity for male abusiveness of a female partner in intimate relationships. The Propensity for Abusiveness Scale (PAS) items is nonreactive and contains no explicit reference to abusive behavior. The scale has good psychometric properties, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.91 and three distinct factors. Data were provided by 140 men in treatment for wife assault and by 63 of their female partners. In addition, 44 demographically matched men and 33 of their partners were evaluated. The scale was validated against reports of abuse victimization by men's female partners using the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory (Tolman, 1988). The scale correlated 0.51 with women's reports of male Domination/Isolation tactics, and 0.47 with Emotional Abuse scale scores. A discriminant function for high versus low abusiveness indicated that the PAS correctly classified 82.2% of men into high (one standard deviation below) abusiveness. Social desirability corrections do not significantly change the trend of correlations of the PAS with criterion variables. A cross validation of the scale supported the initial results. The scale also correlates significantly with physical abuse.     

Ethics for Lawyers or Ethics for Citizens? New Directions for Legal Education

The Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Legal Education andConduct (ACLEC) has called for the reconstruction of the ethicalfoundations of legal education. However, it has not justified its premisethat teaching legal values at the initial stage will enhance professionallegal ethics. It is argued that the present system of education, given itstechnocratic, individualistic, and authoritarian tendencies, cannot meetACLEC's challenge. A more ethical legal education can be envisagedwithin a neo-Aristotelian framework. This perspective emphasizes thereflexivity between micro and macro ethics, and utilizes the active andparticipatory learning approaches which should enable students to engagein meaningful moral discourse and problem solving.     

Challenges for teaching interaction skills for law students

Abstract

Are lawyers witty courtroom heroes or professionals working with and for people? Is law only universal judgements and afterthoughts or could it also be preventive and proactive individual planning and dialogue? The traditional legal education could be seen to have been based on the first assumptions. The course “Interaction skills for lawyers”, in the Faculty of Law at the University of Helsinki (Finland), evolves instead from the latter assumptions. In this article we relate our starting points in planning the course and evaluate our challenges and experiences in developing it.     

外观设计专利授权的实质要件探讨

外观设计专利新颖性有绝对新颖性、相对新颖性和缓和新颖性三种。我国正在修订的专利法宜继续坚持混合新颖性标准,其比较对象原则上应限于产品外观设计.抵触申请也可破坏外观设计专利申请的新颖性。我国外观设计专利应引入创造性标准,对同一申请人同日在相同产品上中请的多个相似外观设计,不宜被认定为重复授权。此外,我国外观设计专利应继续坚持“美感”标准。     

Cooperation Challenges for the Special Tribunal for Lebanon

While the Agreement between the United Nations and Lebanon providesa solid framework for cooperation between the Special Tribunaland Lebanon, Security Council Resolution 1757 (2007) is silenton the duty of third states to assist the Tribunal. As a result,the Special Tribunal will be confronted with a variety of obstaclesand problems in obtaining their cooperation, which may seriouslyhamper its functioning.     

论刑事审判监督程序的理论基础

对我国刑事审判监督程序进行改革和完善 ,就要对刑事再审制度的理论基础进行深入研究。对于西方国家既判力理论、避免双重危险理论等原则中所体现的有益价值观 ,也应从我国的实际出发 ,在构建我国刑事再审制度的理论基础中加以吸收。通过研究刑事再审制度的理论基础 ,推动刑事诉讼改革 ,逐步建立和完善中国特色的刑事再审制度 ,努力促进在全社会实现公平和正义的目标。     

Association for Conflict Resolution Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordinators

On November 6, 2014, the AFCC Board of Directors endorsed the Association for Conflict Resolution (ACR) Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination, including ethical principles for Eldercaring Coordinators, training protocols, and court pilot project template. The collaboration between Task Forces created by ACR and the Florida Chapter of AFCC, composed of twenty U.S./Canadian and twenty Florida‐wide organizations, produced both an overarching guide to assist in the development of programs and a more detailed model addressing state/province‐specific needs and characteristics. Eldercaring coordination is a dispute resolution option specifically for high‐conflict cases involving the care, needs, and safety of elders.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• There are currently no dispute resolution options for parties involved in high‐conflict cases regarding the care, needs, and safety of an elder.
• The ACR Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination address the discrepancies between dispute resolution options available for parents in conflict regarding their minor children and mature families with unresolved concerns about the care, needs, and safety of an elder.
• The ACR Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination provide information regarding the ethical practice of eldercaring coordination including a specific definition, recommended qualifications, ethical practices, grievance procedures, training protocols, and a court pilot project template.
• The practice of eldercaring coordination will address the influx of court cases expected as baby boomers continue to age, reducing delays in court hearings, as parties will have the opportunity to resolve their concerns without continuous court attention.
• As of June 2015, five states began Pilot Projects on Eldercaring Coordination, which will be studied by an independent research group to enhance the progress of the process and to develop the best practices for initiating the programs elsewhere.

     

永远怀念郑成思老师

2006年9月10日,当全中国的教师们还在以各自的方式感受第22个教师节的时候,你走了。我们只是感到突然,但并不意外。因为从你的病情被确诊的那一刻起我们就知道,这一天,正在一步一步向我们逼近。一年多来,每当星期二上班或有其他聚会的时候,我们总是小心翼翼地谈到你,三言两语而已。因为我们深怕对你的健康的担忧和牵挂会让我们没有办法若无其事地工作和生活。我们一直有一种凄然的默契:没有你的消息就是