共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
Natalia Letki 《Political Behavior》2006,28(4):305-325
In the last decade considerable research in social sciences has focused on interpersonal trust, treating it as a remedy for most maladies modern democracies suffer from. Yet, if others act dishonestly, trust is turned into gullibility, thus mechanisms linking interpersonal trust with institutional success refer implicitly to honesty and civic morality. This paper investigates the roots of civic morality. It applies hierarchical models to data from 38 countries, and tests the individual, community and structural explanatory factors. The results of the analysis point to the relevance of an institutional dimension, both in the form of individuals’ perceptions as well as the quality of governance: confidence in political institutions and their objective quality are the strongest predictors of civic morality. At the same time, the findings show that the recently popular claims about the importance of social capital for citizens’ moral standards are largely unfounded.
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Natalia LetkiEmail: |
2.
Oxendine Alina Sullivan John L. Borgida Eugene Riedel Eric Jackson Melinda Dial Jessica 《Political Behavior》2007,29(1):31-67
We contend that political context is important to consider when analyzing social capital and that context has an important
but neglected impact on understanding the consequences of civic activity. Our focus is on the influence of rural, local leadership
in two Minnesota communities and policies that these elites have developed to bring Internet connectivity to their citizens.
One city developed a community electronic network and the other opted for an individualistic, entrepreneurial approach to
information technology. Using a quasi-experimental research design and four-wave panel data, we find that elite policy approaches
interact with civic activity to predict technology use among citizens, even long after the policies’ initial implementation.
In the city with a community network, residents who are integrated into civic life are able to harness these political resources
to become more technologically sophisticated.
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Alina OxendineEmail: |
3.
Sean Richey 《Political Behavior》2007,29(1):69-88
In this study I examine whether an innovative government program in Ichikawa, Japan has been successful in increasing the
level of generalized interpersonal trust in the community by rewarding civic participation by local citizens. Japan has sponsored
the development of a number of “community currency” programs at the local level that are designed to create social capital.
A community currency is a local “money” that is only useable within a neighborhood or town. In a typical community currency
program, a town rewards civic volunteers with credits to barter with other citizens, use at participating stores, or pay for
town services. These programs are specifically designed to stimulate generalized trust by rewarding civic engagement and encouraging
social interaction. I evaluate whether the new Tekona community currency program in Ichikawa, Japan has been successful in
raising levels of trust among participants, as compared to a randomly selected control group of town residents. I find that
community currency involvement increases general trust, which demonstrates that it is possible to institute government programs
that create social capital.
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Sean RicheyEmail: |
4.
Alexander Brown 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(4):435-464
This article considers whether or not there are any global egalitarian rights through a critical examination of the political
philosophy of Ronald Dworkin. Although Dworkin maintains that equal concern is the special and indispensable virtue of sovereigns
and the hallmark of a fraternal political community, it is far from obvious whether the demands of equality stop at state
borders. While some scholars in the field—most notably Thomas Pogge—posit the existence of negative rights in relation to
social and economic inequalities at the global level, here I try to defend the existence of positive global egalitarian rights
by appealing to Dworkin’s own two principles of ethical individualism. I also set out the framework for a version of what
I call global luck egalitarianism based on Dworkin’s equality of resources and try to respond to David Miller’s charge that
comparative principles of justice do not apply at the global level.
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Alexander BrownEmail: |
5.
Stephen T. Mockabee 《Political Behavior》2007,29(2):221-248
In this study I adopt a view of cultural conflict that extends beyond the usual set of controversial “moral” issues like abortion
and gay rights to include symbolic issues related to patriotism and group affect. Using a set of survey items asking about
respondents’ preferences in child-rearing, I create a measure of individuals’ orientations toward authority that proves to
be a potent predictor of attitudes on cultural issues, affect toward social groups, party identification, and vote choice.
This authority effect persists even in the presence of extensive multivariate controls for demographic and religious variables.
I find that both authority measures and religion measures shape political attitudes, suggesting the need for a multi-faceted approach to understanding cultural conflict.
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Stephen T. MockabeeEmail: |
6.
George Crowder 《Society》2008,45(3):247-252
I agree with Roger Sandall’s opposition to the ‘culture cult’ in broad outline, but wish to register three reservations. First,
he is too sweeping in apparently attacking the whole of ‘multiculturalism’, and unfair in condemning claims on the basis of
the motives allegedly behind them. Second, his relativist interpretation of Berlin and Herder needs qualification, since their
work also contains the idea of value pluralism, which should be distinguished from relativism. Third, the political implications
of pluralism support a commitment to liberal universalism and liberal multiculturalism, which may not be far removed from
Sandall’s own position.
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George CrowderEmail: |
7.
Catherine Simpson Bueker 《Society》2009,46(5):423-428
Policy makers tend to focus on the extension of citizenship as the primary means by which new populations become incorporated
into a society. Although acquiring formal citizenship is necessary in order to participate in many aspects of a state's civic,
social, and political life, the extension of legal citizenship is far from a guarantee for full membership. Instead of focusing
exclusively on naturalizing immigrants, we need to consider T.H. Marshall's three spheres of citizenship—the civil, political,
and social. By extending social elements of citizenship prior to or at the same time as we extend other benefits, we will
move towards more complete citizenship for and greater civil and political engagement among all residents in our society—non-citizens,
naturalized, and native-born, alike.
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Catherine Simpson BuekerEmail: |
8.
James M. Avery 《Political Behavior》2007,29(3):327-342
In contrast to what we know about the sources of political trust among whites, recent research suggests that political mistrust
among blacks indicates discontent with the political system. The current study adds to research investigating racial differences
in political trust by examining racial differences in the influence of the 2000 United States presidential election on political
trust. Specifically, I test for whether whites and blacks adjusted their trust in government in response to the Supreme Court’s
decision in Bush versus Gore (2000) and whether the influence of the Court’s decision on trust was dependent on partisan identification. The findings
indicate that blacks perceived the Court’s decision as illegitimate, reinforcing their mistrust in their political system.
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James M. AveryEmail: |
9.
Daniel J. Mahoney 《Society》2009,46(1):12-20
The French political thinker Raymond Aron (1905–1983) provides the imitable model of the political philosopher as civic educator.
Writing in an age of extreme ideological polarization, he aimed at a truly balanced approach to historical and political understanding.
In a series of writings from the late 1930’s onward, Aron defended a principled middle way between Machiavellian cynicism
and the “abstract moralism” so evident in the public engagement of modern intellectuals. Aron argued for the renewal of liberalism
on the foundation of a broad-based “democratic conservatism” and displayed remarkable lucidity regarding the totalitarian
temptation. This paper explores this distinctive notion of “democratic conservatism”—equally distant from revolutionary romanticism
and reactionary nostalgia—that guided Aron’s public engagement over a fifty-year period and that was central to his idea of
the political responsibility of intellectuals.
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Daniel J. MahoneyEmail: |
10.
Based on examples of socialist heroes from East German schoolbooks and teaching guides designed for elementary school, this
essay examines the role of state ideology in primary education. It assesses the German curriculum of the now-defunct German
Democratic Republic (GDR) and illuminates distinctions between civic education and political propaganda. It also shows how
the curricular emphasis on socialist virtue helped to form “the socialist personality.”
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John RoddenEmail: |
11.
Robert Dingwall 《Society》2009,46(3):247-249
‘Social precognition’ is the forerunner of new developments in science and technology such as extended life or immortality.
While life-extension may have been neglected by philosophers or social scientists, it has been explored in depth by creative
writers. They underline the threat of new kinds of inequality and of the conservatism of a society that protects the interests
of the long-lived. They also question the quality of a longer life as likely to be lonely and empty rather than wise, peaceful
and fulfilled.
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Robert DingwallEmail: |
12.
This paper presents recent events including the Danish cartoon crisis occasion—a re-examination of John Stuart Mill’s argument
for freedom of expression. Despite the appeal of liberalism, Mill’s philosophy had from the start been subject to intense
criticism. The rise of political Islam opens a new phase in the debate; the difficulties pointed out by Mill’s critics are
indicative of the obstacles that liberalism still faces.
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Thomas E. SchneiderEmail: |
13.
Charlotta Stern 《Society》2009,46(2):110-118
Historically, European economists, compared to their American counterpart, were more involved in public discussions of policy.
In this paper it is argued that this has likely changed. The chief reasons seem to involve the European imitation of the academic
ethos that is more prevalent in America. Features of this academic ethos include a more formalist orientation in graduate
programs and an academic incentive system wherein professional journal publication is paramount and public discourse is relatively
devalued. I suggest there is an inescapable ideological dilemma in addressing the costs and benefits of professors’ neglect
of public discourse. The ideological character of academics compared with our own political sensibilities affect whether we
want academics to influence public discourse or not. I use the history of academics as public intellectuals in Sweden to substantiate
the change, and I use new data on Swedish social science academics to see whether those who participate in public discourse
tend to have certain political and social views.
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Charlotta SternEmail: |
14.
This paper explores the role that membership in a politicized church and believing in a black Christ have on the political
mobilization and participation of African Americans. Using data from the 1993–94 National Black Politics Study (NBPS), the
authors conclude that imagining a black Christ is a radicalizing force on political participation. Hearing politicizing messages
in a place of worship and believing that Christ is black appears to shift African Americans from relatively conservative or
traditional forms of political participation, such as contacting officials, to more non-traditional political protest. Further,
it appears that imagining a black Christ is distinct from other aspects of a racial belief system and while it has political
implications, it clearly has religious roots that separate it from other racial beliefs.
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James David IversEmail: |
15.
Sangmin Bae 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(2):233-240
This article examines distinctive American political institutions that contribute to explaining the continued use of the death
penalty. In the light of wide popular support for capital punishment, strong political leadership is considered to be a principal
channel for the abolition of capital punishment. The dilemma of the US death penalty, however, lies in populist features of
political structures that greatly limit the political leverage and possibilities available to leaders. The institutional arrangements
in the United States allow public support for the death penalty to influence political decision making more directly than
it can in the European counterpart. A strong receptiveness of US political leaders to the public also implies that once public
opinion changes, political leaders are likely to respond to the public’s new attitude. Unlike most countries, which abolished
the death penalty through political initiatives that were counter-majoritarian, the United States may abolish it only after
a change in public opinion.
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Sangmin BaeEmail: |
16.
Samuel Popkin 《Society》2007,44(5):37-44
This article attempts to identify the general principles that underlie public reasoning about collective obligations and that
help explain when political parties can create new obligations or defend existing ones. I use these principles to President
Clinton’s unsuccessful attempt to create government health-care plan and attempts by President Bush to privatize Social Security.
The success of a party in selling – or defeating – an obligation depends upon what people believe about the competence and
capacity of government and the value of autonomy – choices made by each citizen; whether people perceive the obligation as
providing floors or establishing ceilings by limiting choice or otherwise restricting opportunities for the better-off; and
whether the program is more like insurance or more like welfare. A party’s ability to maintain credibility with voters also
depends upon whether party leaders can suppress issues that threaten intra-party elite pacts. When attempts to suppress “taboo”
issues like “stem cells” or “black crime” fail, the party loses credibility with its voters and attempts to defend or sell
obligations fail.
相似文献
Samuel PopkinEmail: |
17.
James Kurth 《Society》2007,44(6):120-125
America and Europe have had very different religious experiences, and these differences have continuing consequences. In America,
the preponderance of Reform Protestantism gave rise to religious and political pluralism, a religious marketplace, and the
continuing vitality of the churches. In Europe, the dominance of state churches gave rise to the eventual rejection of these
churches and religions when the traditional political and social authorities were rejected, particularly by the Generation
of 1968. However, Europe’s extreme secularization has rendered it confused and ineffective in dealing with the new religious
challenge posed by Muslim immigrant communities.
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James KurthEmail: |
18.
Does Workplace Experience Enhance Political Participation? A Critical Test of a Venerable Hypothesis
Per Adman 《Political Behavior》2008,30(1):115-138
Several schools of thought claim that citizens can develop their democratic skills at the workplace. Here I focus on the hypothesis
put forward by Carole Pateman and by Sidney Verba and colleagues that state that by practicing civic skills and democratic
decision-making at the workplace, citizens become more active in politics. I test the hypothesis with a nationally representative
panel survey of the Swedish population. My findings contradict previous empirical research as no impact on political participation
was discovered. I argue that the effects may have been overestimated in prior studies because the tests were based on cross-sectional
data: insufficient care was taken with a number of significant methodological problems. The study points to the importance
of using panel models when investigating the causes of political participation.
相似文献
Per AdmanEmail: |
19.
Cheryl Boudreau 《Political Behavior》2009,31(2):287-306
Many scholars lament citizens’ lack of political sophistication, while others emphasize that information shortcuts can substitute
for sophistication and help citizens with their political choices. In this paper, I use experiments to assess whether and
under what conditions institutions can substitute for sophistication and enable even unsophisticated citizens to make informed
decisions. The results of my experiments demonstrate that institutions, such as a penalty for lying or a threat of verification,
can help both sophisticated and unsophisticated citizens to make more informed decisions. Further, my results suggest that
institutions may, under certain conditions, level the playing field between sophisticated and unsophisticated citizens.
相似文献
Cheryl BoudreauEmail: |
20.
Mark N. Katz 《Society》2008,45(2):177-180
This article compares Moscow’s and Washington’s foreign policies toward the Middle East in 1982 and 2008. In 1982, Moscow
and Washington each had a distinct set of friends and foes. In 2008, Washington still has a distinct set of friends and foes,
but Moscow has relatively good relations with all governments and most major opposition movements in the region—the only exceptions
being Al Qaeda and its affiliates. It is argued that Putin’s policy toward the Middle East is not really aimed at displacing
the U.S. in the region, but protecting Russia and Russian interests from Al Qaeda and its allies. Indeed, a continued American
presence in the region serves to protect Russian interests in the region.
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Mark N. KatzEmail: |