The Artist is Present: performing the icon

This article considers the work of performance artist Marina Abramovi?, focusing on the use of reperformance, the practice of hiring others to recreate historical performance works, in her 2010 retrospective at New York's Museum of Modern Art, The Artist is Present. Brawner utilizes Abramovi?'s artistic work with iconography and icon making and draws on her own experience as one of the retrospective's reperformers to highlight both the affective work that went into the creation of the show as well as its function as a religiously inflected meditation of celebrity and art stardom. The artist's work is explored through sources including New York Times art critic Holland Carter's turn of phrase “diva hokum,” a pejorative here reclaimed to mean the process of one's own icon making, a control of image and message that becomes integral to the structure of the work, and a balancing act between the performance and its afterlife.     

Ford first? Corporate security and the US Department of War's Plant Protection Service's interior organization unit 1917–1918

The Ford Motor Company's corporate security unit is widely considered to be the prototype of in-house corporate security. Drawing on archival research, we demonstrate that beginning in 1917 and continuing through the early 1920s the US Department of War's Plant Protection Service and their interior organization units represent an early example of corporate security emanating from the public sector. The existence and character of this unit challenges the notion that Ford pioneered corporate security and the surveillance, secrecy, employee control, and pre-emptive techniques it typifies. The work of interior organization unit personnel exhibits strategies and features associated with today's professional corporate security managers. We then reflect on the implications of these findings for understanding the history of labor suppression and the origins of corporate security in the United States.     

Industrial Relations and Labor Institutionalism: A Century of Boom and Bust

This paper describes the close intellectual kinship between the academic field of industrial relations and the labor institutionalism of the Wisconsin School, their historical evolution over the twentieth century, and the reasons for the marked decline in the academic fortunes of industrial relations in recent years.     

‘Labor's Empty Gun’: Permanent Replacements and the International Paper Company Strike of 1987–88

In June 1987, managers at International Paper Company (IP) permanently replaced more than 2,200 union members who had gone on strike after resisting the firm's demands for extensive concessions. Previous accounts of this dispute, which lasted until October 1988, have focused on Jay, Maine, where around half the strikers were located. This study gives a fuller history, detailing the involvement of strikers in De Pere, Wisconsin and Lock Haven, Pennsylvania as well. In addition, it highlights the important part played by 1,200 IP workers in Mobile, Alabama. In March 1987, IP executives locked out the Mobile workers, precipitating the entire conflict between the two sides. Blending oral history interviews with unprocessed archival material and local newspaper accounts, Minchin shows that the company's use of permanent replacements tipped the balance in its favor, despite the union's efforts to launch a corporate campaign against IP. Although the strikers held firm, they had little bargaining power once they had been replaced. The dispute graphically highlights how difficult it is for unions to win strikes in the contemporary US, confirming union leaders’ complaints that the hiring of permanent strike replacements has left them with an ‘empty gun.’     

Sonia Delaunay: Fashioning the Modern Woman

Focusing on questions of gender and modernity, Gronberg examines representations of Simultaneous fashions designed by the Paris-based artist Sonia Delaunay in the German illustrated press of the 1920s. Simultaneous dress was presented as a means of rendering woman 'modern' both through fashion and through association with Parisian artistic avant-gardism. Gronberg explores the figure of the fashionably dressed Parisian femme moderne in relation to 1920s concepts of the neue Frau. The identity of Sonia Delaunay as an artist turned professional designer marked her out as a 'modern woman' and was crucial in the promotion of Simultaneity to international audiences. Delaunay's persona as a 'modern woman' also related to her status as a wife. The German press depicted Sonia Delaunay and her husband, the painter Robert Delaunay, as a Knstlerehepaar, an artist-couple exemplifying contemporary notions of 'companionate marriage'. Gronberg shows how such concepts of the modern woman were important not only in marketing Sonia Delaunay's fashions but also in claims for Robert Delaunay's post-war painting as a renewed form of avant-gardism. The essay concludes by considering Paris as a milieu in which women interacted with each other professionally-as writers, artists and photographers-engaging with and reformulating the visual imagery of modernity. The production, promotion and consumption of Simultaneous fashion during the 1920s reveals the 'modern woman' as both subject and object of representation. A preoccupation with fashion could be as much to do with challenging and overcoming, as with acquiescing to, stereotypes of femininity.     

Fashioning Readers: The avant garde and British Vogue , 1920-9

Mahood explores both the work of modern writers and work about modern writers as published in British Vogue during the 1920s. She demonstrates how a familiarity with trends in modern literature was presented as but one of the de rigeueur activities of the modern woman au fait with contemporary tastes. In doing so, the role of non-literary, or non-specialist, magazines in contributing to the rise of a common reader familiar with the practitioners and practices of modernist art is examined. Furthermore, she shows how the perceived 'restricted' value (or appeal) of modernism, in addition to the movement's palpable concern with modernity, became the very means by which modernism entered into the literary and cultural mainstream during the 1920s.     

Changes in college students' use and abuse of alcohol,and in their attitudes toward drinking over the course of their college years

Using a November 1987 random sample of 526 undergraduate students attending a midsized, private, midwestern university, this study examines changes in students' alcohol use, alcohol abuse, and attitudes toward drinking over the course of their college careers. This research provides an empirical examination of the supposition that people begin college in an adolescent-like phase in their development and graduate from college in a decidedly more adult-like developmental phase. The data suggest that women appear to mature throughout the college years, gradually progressing toward an adult-like developmental state, at least insofar as their drinking patterns and alcohol-related attitudes are concerned. Men, on the other hand, demonstrated no significant changes over the course of their college careers, suggesting that college may represent little more than a period of protracted adolescence for them.Received Ph.D. in sociology from Washington University in St. Louis. Research interests include alcohol and other drug studies, sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS, and mass media.     

‘This Spider Web of Woman's Life’: Private Space and Community Life in Peter Abelard

This essay explores such complex and ambiguous presentation of convent life in Helen Waddell's novel Peter Abelard (1933), considering Heloise's fear of women's communities as expression of concerns central to women's writing published in Britain during the 1920s and 1930s. Waddell uses Peter Abelard to intervene in these contemporary debates about private and public spaces. The dislike which her Heloise expresses for women's communities may, given the text's feminist ideology, seem surprising, but, as discussed, similar anxieties are voiced in texts by several of Waddell's contemporaries, and the novel is shaped by this tension between private, autonomous individual and shared public space. Peter Abelard is read in relation to selected journalism of Vera Brittain and Winifred Holtby (late 1920s), Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own (1928) and Dorothy Sayers' Gaudy Night (1935).     

Dialectic of Domesticity: Homemaking and ITS Discontents in 1920s American Drama

In the 1920s, homemaking was presented for the first time to American women by advertisers and educators as a putative career, combining art, science, economics, and a rhetoric of fulfillment. This essay considers how Broadway plays promoted, challenged, debated, and sold versions of this idea across a spectrum of genres.     

Dialectic of Domesticity: Homemaking and ITS Discontents in 1920s American Drama

In the 1920s, homemaking was presented for the first time to American women by advertisers and educators as a putative career, combining art, science, economics, and a rhetoric of fulfillment. This essay considers how Broadway plays promoted, challenged, debated, and sold versions of this idea across a spectrum of genres.     

当前及今后时期服务业重点行业人才缺口研究

当前“十四五”及今后一段时期，积极引导高校毕业生从事服务业重点行业，是应对新形势下 劳动力市场用工需求、充分挖掘高技能人力资源、稳定青年人就业的重要渠道。本研究基于 2010—2022 年《中 国统计年鉴》、2018年中国经济普查宏观数据和2010—2021年国泰安经济金融研究数据库中的A股上市公司数据， 采用多维固定效应模型等方法，测算服务业重点行业的人才缺口数量，总结出三大重点服务行业亟须的人才类 型和特点。研究发现：当前人才教育培养存在“用工荒”与“招工难”并存的现象；重知识、轻实践，受教育 水平与能力不匹配问题凸显；针对青年人就业观念的教育和引导较为有限。研究建议：教育部门应完善专业设 置和培养方案；企业和高校应积极推进大学生见习计划，加强校企合作，提高大学生的职业技能；高校和社会 要积极引导大学生群体树立正确的就业观念。     

Lifting the curse of dimensionality: measures of the states' labor legislation climate in the United States during the progressive era

Labor Management and Social Policy, Gerald Somers, Editor, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1963. 303 pp. $6.00.

Myself by John R. Commons, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964, 201 pp., $1.75. (Originally published by the Macmillan Company in 1934.)

A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician, by Stanley Coben. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963. 351 pps. $7.50.

The Automobile Under the Blue Eagle, by Sidney Fine. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 1963. 566 pp. $15.00.

Henry Demurest Lloyd and the Empire of Reform, by Chester McArthur Destler. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1963. 657 pp. $12.00.

The Nation Transformed: The Creation of an Industrial Society. Edited with an introduction by Sigmund Diamond. New York City: George Braziller, 1963, 528 pp. $8.50.

America's Great Depression, by Murray N. Rothbard. Princeton, N. J.: D. Van Nostrand Co. 1963. 361 pp., $8.95.

Minister of Relief: Harry Hopkins and the Depression, by Seatle F. Charles. Syracuse, N. Y.: Syracuse University Press. 1963. 286 pp. $6.00.

A History of the Los Angeles Labor Movement, 1911–1941, by Louis B. Perry and Richard S. Perry. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1963. 622 pp. $10.50.

A History of British Trade Unionism, by Henry Pelling, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1963, 287 pp. $8.50.     

职业资格证书对大学毕业生就业质量的影响效应 —— 来自 CLDS（2014）的实证分析

本文使用CLDS(2014)数据,首先构建了大学毕业生就业质量指标评价体系,然后利用分位数回归方法对职业资格证书如何影响其就业质量进行实证检验。研究发现:影响大学毕业生就业质量的一级指标共有11个,其中职业资格证书和工作培训构成的工作技能排在第四位。计量回归结果显示:职业资格证书对大学毕业生就业质量的影响显著为正,且随着分位点数的提升呈现倒U型特征。分样本回归结果显示:职业资格证书对女大学毕业生就业质量的影响要显著高于男大学毕业生;在所有分位点上,职业资格证书对农村户籍的大学毕业生就业质量的影响要显著高于城镇户籍的大学毕业生,且两者之间的差距随着分位点数的提升逐渐缩小。因此,大学毕业生要有明确的职业目标和规划,高校要合理引导,理性考证,提高大学毕业生自身技能和就业质量。     

教师申诉处理的司法救济 —— 基于 23 件行政诉讼案例的分析

申诉机制为行政诉讼介入教师与学校之间的争议处理提供了可能。但现行法律规定的局限,使得大量的争议无法进入行政诉讼;对部分争议的审查,自由裁量过大,欠缺公平性;以申诉处理决定为审查对象不利于定纷止争。应根据学校管理的特殊性,规定申诉作为行政诉讼的前置程序,明确将涉及教师基本权利且因管理而引发的争议纳入行政诉讼受案范围。在审查标准上,针对学校单方解聘、辞退、开除处分等处理决定,应适用程序审查兼实体审查原则;针对职称评审决定,应适用形式审查以及程序审查原则;对于所涉学术问题,如是否达到某一级职称之学术标准,则应尊重评审专家之意见。     

风险容忍对大学生就业能力影响的实证研究 —— 基于行为偏好的中介效应

基于460份来自广东、江西、安徽和上海等地高校部分2014-2016届大学生的调查问卷数据,以风险容忍度高低为分类标准对大学生的风险容忍、行为偏好及其就业能力之间的关系进行实证检验。结果显示,风险容忍度较低的大学生自我感知就业能力总体较低,风险容忍度高的大学生自我感知就业能力总体较高。个人的行为偏好在风险容忍对大学生就业能力的影响中发挥部分中介效应,但随着风险容忍度的提高,其影响方向会发生改变。必须因势利导,帮助大学生正确认识其风险容忍水平,适时抉择;关注心理健康,帮助大学生保持良好的求职心态,形成合理就业偏好;实施差异指导,帮助大学生确立适宜的职业期望,确保工作搜寻适度。     

女性非正规就业的影响因素研究 ——基于中国社会状况综合调查的实证分析

系统考察女性劳动者选择非正规就业的因素,不仅对揭示其非正规就业选择的机理具有重要意义,而且对其权益保护也具有深远影响。本研究基于中国社会状况综合调查(CSS)数据,分析女性非正规就业的影响因素,并考察影响非正规就业女性选择不同就业身份和职业类型的因素。研究结果表明:非正规就业已经成为女性非农就业的主要途径;户籍等个体特征、家庭中子女数量等家庭因素以及所在地区等对女性劳动者非正规就业选择有显著影响,而人力资本不但对女性非正规就业的选择有显著影响,对其就业身份和职业类型的选择也有显著影响。研究建议:应完善非正规就业政策,结合影响女性非正规就业的因素制定措施保障其合法权益,提升女性劳动者的人力资本水平,进而提高女性非正规就业劳动者的就业质量。     

The Women's Charter: American Communists and the Equal Rights Amendment debate

The American Communist Party (CPUSA) opposed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), arguing that it failed to ameliorate class and racial inequality. In 1936 the CPUSA participated in the Women's Charter campaign, an alternative to the ERA crafted to protect labor legislation. This article argues that the Charter campaign and the CPUSA's opposition to the ERA demonstrate class-based visions of equality that amalgamated race and gender into the class struggle and highlights disagreements among women's rights activists about how to define women's equality. These disagreements prevented a unified single-issue women's movement after 1920.     

A ‘Feminist Conspiracy’: Maude Royden,women's ministry and the British press, 1916–1921

This article examines Maude Royden's rise to fame as a preacher through a detailed consideration of three episodes: the National Mission of 1916, her Congregational City Temple years between 1917 and 1920, and the St Botolph's affair of 1919 and 1921. It argues that Royden's life illustrates the constellation of ideological connections between feminism, suffrage and women's ordination and explores the way in which these controversial issues were negotiated by individual churchmen through the religious and popular press. Conflicting clergy reactions to her radical religious activism are discussed to highlight the deep divisions and tensions within Anglican ecclesiastical patriarchy.     

Beginning an ‘Extraordinary Opportunity’: Eleanor Roosevelt,Molly Dewson,and the expansion of women's boundaries in the Democratic Party, 1924–1934

This article contributes to recent reinterpretations of women's participation in the United States' political system in the 1920s and 1930s by arguing that the years 1924 through 1934 demonstrated an expansion of female boundaries in the Democratic Party. Eleanor Roosevelt became the first agent in this process through her involvement in both the New York State Democratic Party and in social justice feminism. Her protégée, Molly Dewson, continued the expansion as the first full-time director of the Women's Division of the Democratic National Committee, also helping to re-establish social justice feminism's national prominence.     

The Pulaski News:

This article describes one of the longest lasting experiential education programs in the country. High school students in Pulaski, Wisconsin have produced a community newspaper since the 1930s.