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世界贸易体制中的发展权 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
发展权在现代世界逐渐受到了重视,并被国际法所接受。世界贸易体制是实现发展权的关键领域。从世界贸易体制的主要代表GATT/WTO来看,从1947年关税与贸易总协定到2005年年底的香港部长会议,发展问题一直不同程度的得以体现。但是贸易与投资的自由化、知识产权的高标准保护以及对于发展中国家优惠的不落实都是发展权实现的障碍。这有待于通过世界贸易规范的民主化实现更为公正合理的国际经济秩序。 相似文献
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试论竞争政策与贸易政策的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
竞争政策与贸易政策都是基本的经济政策,并且在主要方面都体现为相应的经济法律制度.在现代社会,竞争政策与自由贸易政策在追求的目标和面临的现实条件方面具有一致性,在功能上具有相互促进和补充的作用,但是两者在作用的领域、价值观念和取向以及具体处理和作用的方式等方面存在内在的差异性和潜在的冲突. 相似文献
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Trips协议给发展中国家带来了意料之外的好处:首先,发展中国家可根据本国国情自行确定知识产权执行措施;其次,知识产权与贸易挂钩也给发展中国家提供了以前没有的且是可靠的威慑手段:在自己国内市场中止相关国家知识产权保护。将知识产权纳入到多边贸易体制,发展中国家可以拿发达国家的其他贸易问题,就本国知识产权执行水平与发达国家讨价还价,发达国家的知识产权人将会发现:它们已经卷入到和自己无直接利害关系的国内政治博弈当中了。 相似文献
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美国知识产权保护制度的发展——以自由贸易协定为拓展知识产权保护的手段 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
美国重视知识产权的作用,因而通过国内立法严格保护知识产权。进入20世纪80年代后,知识产权已成为国际贸易的一个重要因素。为了在国际范围维护美国的利益,美国就产生了“特别301条款”,并修改了“337条款”,但美国并不满足与此,结果促使了多边贸易体制中产生了《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》,但美国仍觉不满,随着推行“竞争性自由化”战略,美国在区域和双边领域产生了一系列的自由贸易协定,美国借助自由贸易协定把美国国内的知识产权保护法律写入协定文本。 相似文献
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the principalinternational institution for the management and regulationof the process of economic globalization. Its effectivenessin fulfilling this important task, however, leaves much to bedesired. On 4 and 5 February 2005, the Faculty of Law of MaastrichtUniversity organized an international research conference entitledIn Search of Effective Global Economic Governance: TheCase of the World Trade Organization. This conferencebrought together academics, WTO officials, government diplomats,national trade officials, representatives of business associationsand NGOs to discuss a wide range of issues, including: possibleimprovements to and alternatives for consensus decision-makingin the WTO; issues of transparency, democratic legitimacy andthe participation of civil society in WTO decision-making; secondarylaw-making by WTO bodies; and an expanded role for the WTO Secretariat.It is important that legal and political science scholars focustheir research efforts on the reforms needed to transform theWTO into an instrument of effective global economic governance.The main objective of the conference was, therefore, to definea comprehensive agenda for research into the institutional reformof the WTO. This article is, above all, a report of the conferenceand summarizes the main arguments made by the participants. 相似文献
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Mira Burri 《Journal of Arts Management, Law & Society》2013,43(2):138-158
This article provides an overview of the most essential issues in the trade and culture discourse from a global law perspective. It looks into the intensified disconnect between trade and culture and exposes its flaws and the considerable drawbacks that it brings with it. It is argued that these drawbacks become especially pronounced in the digital media environment, which has strongly affected both the conditions of trade with cultural products and services and cultural diversity in local and global contexts. In this modified setting, there could have been a number of feasible “trade and culture” solutions—i.e., regulatory designs that while enhancing trade liberalization are also conducive to cultural policy. Yet, the realization of any of these options becomes chimerical as the line between trade and culture matters is drawn in a clear and resolute manner. 相似文献
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Fred Hoogenboom 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》1998,6(2):257-277
The Dutch Prison Service developed a new policy on indoor employment programmes. The development of this policy, the definition of these programmes and the chosen methodology of Individual Employment Counselling is described. Also some examples of good practice are given. We learned a great deal from good practice, from external advisors, from co-operation with partners like employers, probation services, local authorities and from comparable programmes in other European countries. The development of these programmes was supported by changes in the prison service, economic growth in the Netherlands, a new employment policy initiated by the Dutch government, and by sub-financing of the European Social Fund. Future challenges are: better matching of prisoners (their motivations, their capacities and handicaps) with the programmes, further development of co-operation with partners and the implementation of a good monitoring system. 相似文献
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国内外学者对TPRM性质和评审标准的认定存在分歧,引发了对TPRM功能的不同认识。TPRM基本功能应当是“三位一体”,即贯彻WTO的透明原则,落实WTO的监督机制和体现执行WTO的规则。它与DSM并驾齐驱,构成了多边贸易体制有效运转的两个监督体系。厘清TPRM功能对完善我国对外贸易政策与贸易法律制度具有重要启示。 相似文献
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张婷 《西南政法大学学报》2010,12(2):16-22
随着各国贸易保护战略的推进,反垄断法作为政府进行经济调控的工具,与贸易保护政策间的互动关系日益紧密。对外贸易反垄断豁免正是各国为满足贸易需求而普遍适用的竞争政策,它对于促进一国对外贸易发展、提高国际竞争力、保护国内产业利益具有特别的功能和效果,但其适用也受到限制。根据发达国家的有关立法和实践,我国《反垄断法》下的外贸豁免制度尚需完善,惟有如此方能确保其必要的贸易保护功能得以有效发挥。 相似文献
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贸易、环境与发展--WTO多哈发展议程研讨会 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2002年4月29日至5月1日,世界贸易组织(WTO)在其总部召开了盛况空前的"多哈发展议程及其相关问题研讨会",近700名政府和非政府的代表出席了此次会议.笔者作为WTO邀请的学术界代表参加会议,并被指定就贸易、环境和减轻贫困做主题发言. 相似文献
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发展区域贸易安排与我国外贸发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
区域贸易安排蓬勃发展,WTO作用被极大减弱.WTO已被边缘化.我国到目前为止利用的区域贸易安排还很少,与当前国际贸易发展的现状不符.发展区域贸易安排是我国实现外贸持续发展的必然选择,我国要实现区域贸易安排与WTO"两条腿走路". 相似文献
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我国现行《刑法》第219条对于侵犯商业秘密罪的规定过于简单,且存在诸多缺陷.为避免侵犯商业秘密罪的扩大化趋势,必须将侵犯商业秘密罪的主观罪过全部限定为故意,严格区分侵犯商业秘密行为与违约行为的界限,改结果犯为行为犯,将侵犯商业秘密罪的刑事制裁重点置于打击商业间谍。 相似文献
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This paper explores linkages between policy coherence, global environmental governance, and poverty reduction. It begins with a few thoughts on what these terms mean, and how they are linked. It then provides some perspectives on how the linkages might be improved over time. The paper takes the view that the most coherent institutional framework for both poverty reduction and environmental protection is likely to be one that is relatively decentralised, and based on a modular (networking) structure. The implication is that this framework should rely mainly on domestic and regional governance institutions, rather than on global ones. Effective management of environmental problems (both national and international) also implies a judicious mix of strong government institutions, smooth-functioning markets, and well-targeted infrastructure investments. The business and labour communities are therefore crucial. Other elements of civil society, notably the NGOs, also have important roles to play. Global environmental governance will have to overcome significant resistance insofar as the interests of the developing countries are concerned. Developing countries will need to be convinced that it is in their best interest to participate in global environmental institutions. The best way of making this case is to link (local) poverty reduction objectives explicitly to (both local and global) environmental protection goals. Bringing greater coherence to international trade, investment, and development co-operation policies could make an important contribution to strengthening these linkages. Investment is particularly important here – in the future, investment governance will likely prove to be more important for poverty reduction than environmental governance. Focusing on global environmental governance will not be enough. 相似文献