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1.
自然垄断行业的政府规制及其改革   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在自然垄断行业,政府规制是不可或缺的.其作用主要表现在两方面:一方面通过规制维持独家垄断的局面,以保证公众在享受公共服务时付出的费用最低;另一方面,通过规制防止垄断企业滥用其垄断地位攫取超额利润,损害公众利益.当前,自然垄断行业的政府规制仍存在一些不足,如:规制的法律法规滞后、缺少独立的反垄断机构、价格规制机制不合理、以管制代替规制等.因此,应制定相应的法律法规,成立具有相对独立性的规制机构,加强对规制者的规制,实施激励性规制.  相似文献   

2.
本文以1995年之后的日本跨世纪新科技政策为研究对象,提出了日本的科技政策模型和“科技政策制定调整五要素”理论,五要素主要包括:有关法律框架、一个专门政府机构的有力统筹、公众参与、技术预见、完善的科技评价与反馈机制,它们围绕科技政策有机地结合在一起,彼此间相互协调、与科技政策间相互作用,在实际操作中动态地构成科技政策制定与调整的核心流程;并结合我国科技政策的现状和面临的问题,有针对性地提出相应的政策建议,从而为我国的科技政策工作提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
《党政论坛》2013,(10):13-13
美国《福布斯》双周刊网站3月23日专艮道: 中国将有可能在2016年之前超过美国成为世界领先的经济强国。但经济合作与发展组织表示,为了实现这一前景,中国需要对社会和经济政策领域的五个关键因素进行改革。  相似文献   

4.
规制机构在纠正市场失灵的过程中,由于规制环境的复杂性、多元利益博弈及其规制机构组织要素的失衡等原因导致规制失范。在治理规制行为失范的过程中,包括听证、信息公开、规制回避等在内的程序性制度可从规制行为的步骤、方式、时限和次序角度有效地监督和规范规制行为,对纠正规制失范发挥重要的作用。  相似文献   

5.
美国放松规制改革的发展与启示   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
卢颂华 《行政论坛》2002,(3):79-80,F003
从20世纪70年代以来,美国政府推行了一场旷日持久的放松规制运动。随着这一改革的不断深入发展,已越来越引起世界各国的关注。本文着重就美国放松规制改革的背景、动因、改革策略、效果作简单的分析介绍,其目的是为我国的行政审批制度改革提供更广阔的视野和策略选择,以确定我国正确的改革方向和改革理念,推动我国行政审批制度向更深层次发展,最终建立与市场经济相契合的新型审批制度。  相似文献   

6.
当代西方的社会规制研究兴起于20世纪70年代初。研究者们试图追问社会规制过程这个黑匣子中究竟发生了什么。为此,他们深入社会规制行动者内部,借用委托-代理理论、博弈论等研究方法,分析了作为规制者的政府内部的不同层次之间的关系及其对规制实施的影响,作为被规制者的企业内部因素,如雇主的法律意识、雇员在健康安全方面对雇主所施加的压力等,对被规制者行动策略乃至规制效益的影响,提出了一些与旧有规制经济学不同的观点;研究者们还运用流行的制度主义理论探讨了规制制度设计与变迁,规制制度与行动者之间的互动等问题。对以上西方学者们关注的问题进行评介后,指出了它们对中国社会规制研究的启示。  相似文献   

7.
政府规制改革是抑制腐败的治本之策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文章认为 ,政府规制一方面是克服市场缺陷的有效手段 ,另一方面也会产生经济租金 ;分析了政府规制权力诱发腐败的机理 ;提出了有效防治腐败的政府规制改革的思路。  相似文献   

8.
规制改革是20世纪70年代以来全球性的政府改革运动,但是各国政府规制改革的动因却不尽一致。美国政府规制改革的动因主要在于过度规制本身的弊端、公共舆论对过度规制的怀疑引发的政府信任危机、信息技术革命的推动和解决被规制企业内部低效率问题的要求;而中国政府规制改革的动因主要在于建立社会主义市场经济体制的客观要求、加入WTO的压力、国有企业发展的困境和民主政治建设发展的需要,二者存在市场经济的发展程度不同、政府介入企业的深度不同、改革的技术基础不同和制度文化环境不同等差别,因此中国在借鉴美国规制改革的经验时必须谨慎地批判吸收。  相似文献   

9.
梅黎明 《行政论坛》2009,16(3):83-87
以美国为代表的西方国家是实行规制影响评价最早的国家之一,经过一百多年的规制改革,到今天已经拥有了一套比较完善的规制影响评价体系.西方国家规制影响评价对我国规制改革的一些启示是:转变思想观念,尽早建立适合我国国情的机制影响评估制度;制定和完善相应的法律法规,确定规制影响评价的法律地位;建立独立的规划影响评价机构;培训规制者,让公众广泛地参与规制影响评价过程.  相似文献   

10.
美国规制改革的根源分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
朱慧涛  黄千鑫 《行政论坛》2003,(4):95-96,F003
20世纪70年代末,美国开始放松规制运动。美国规制改革有着深刻的渊源:1.过度规制本身的弊端是改革的根本动力;2.公共舆论对过度规制提出了怀疑;3.信息技术革命是改革的直接推动力;4.理论的推动;5.企业是规制改革的外部力量。  相似文献   

11.
OECD国家防止利益冲突的伦理工程及其实践   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
管理和防止公职人员的利益冲突是廉政建设的重要内容。经济合作和发展组织(OECD)设计了管理和防止利益冲突的伦理工程,包括指导功能模块,其要素是行为规范价值和职业发展等;管理功能模块,其要素是管理机构的协同和公共服务环境等;控制功能模块,其要素是法律框架和公众参与等。伦理工程是一个综合体系,每一个功能模块都相互支持和配合,形成管理和防止利益冲突的合力。科学借鉴OECD国家的实践经验,有利于我们进一步加强防止利益冲突工作,实现源头防腐的目的。  相似文献   

12.
进一步改善公共服务的改革方向   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文基于OECD各成员国所制定的并实施的成功的公共服务创新措施和实践战略,提出了一个有关公共服务改革管理的框架.在明确了公共服务面临的来自内部和外部的严峻挑战的基础上,指出了进一步改善公共服务的改革方向.  相似文献   

13.
The concept of transparency has rapidly gained prominence in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. It is particularly associated with the rise of the governance agenda, as transparency is a core governance value. The regulatory activities of government constitute one of the main contexts within which transparency must be assured. There is a strong public demand for greater transparency, which is substantially related to the rapid increase in number and influence of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) or 'civil society groups', as well as to increasingly well educated and diverse populations.
Transparency initiatives now form a major part of the regulatory policies of many OECD countries: in 2000, 20 of the 30 OECD member countries had government-wide transparency policies (OECD 2002a). Many OECD countries have now made substantial investments in improved regulatory transparency, and have reaped important gains in terms of regulatory quality, legitimacy and accountability.
However, despite these gains, the results have in many cases fallen short of expectations. As well, the implementation of transparency has itself led to new stresses and problems within the regulatory process. This article considers why regulatory transparency is important and points to some of the main trends in improving regulatory transparency. It also considers a range of problems and issues that arise and suggests means of resolving these.  相似文献   

14.
郑春延  杨伟乐 《学理论》2012,(20):16-17
自改革开放以来,中国政治体制改革已经取得许多成果,如社会主义基本政治制度的进一步完善,依法治国方略的有效实施,尊重和保障人权写进宪法,一国两制的成功实现等等。在社会转型与政府机构改革交织的关键时期,必须继续深化政治体制改革,才能更好地巩固改革成果,从而顺应我国经济和社会发展的需要。  相似文献   

15.
The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) is undertaking a program of reform part of which requires moving from diverse state and territory based legislated systems to a nationally consistent system. A method which is being increasingly used for this purpose is the national law model. On 1 July 2010 a new national registration and accreditation scheme (NRAS) for health practitioners commenced using this model. The challenges faced in implementing NRAS may be faced by other initiatives using the same approach. The challenges of reaching agreement on a national system, avoiding variations within a national system at local level and delays in legislation across multiple parliaments are considered in the light of NRAS experience and lessons for similar projects are drawn out.  相似文献   

16.
    
The problem of regulatory accumulation has increasingly been recognised as a policy problem in its own right. Governments have then devised and implemented regulatory reform policies that directly seek to ameliorate the burdens of regulatory accumulation (e.g. red tape reduction targets). In this paper we examine regulatory reform approaches in Australia through the lens of policy innovation. Our contributions are twofold. We first examine the evolutionary discovery process of regulatory reform policies in Australia (at the federal, intergovernmental, and state levels). This demonstrates a process of policy innovation in regulatory mechanisms and measurements. We then analyse a new measurement of regulatory burden based on text analytics, RegData: Australia. RegData: Australia uses textual analysis to count ‘restrictiveness clauses' in regulation – such as ‘must’, ‘cannot’ and ‘shall’ – thereby developing a new database (RDAU1.0). We place this ‘restrictiveness clauses’ measurement within the context of regulatory policy innovation, and examine the potential for further innovation in regulatory reform mechanisms.  相似文献   

17.
This article identifies and discusses several different conceptions of regulatory reform. It subsequently looks at available evidence on trends in regulatory burdens and on the results of regulatory reform activity undertaken over the past 30 years. Thirdly, it identifies and briefly discusses the range of tools that are typically employed in implementing regulatory reform policies. It then examines some of the regulatory problems that implementation of the reform agenda has itself brought forth. It concludes with some comments which seek to assess the report of the Better Regulation Taskforce in the context of the broad overview of regulatory reform set out in the preceding sections of the article.  相似文献   

18.
阮雯 《行政论坛》2002,29(3):76-78
当代西方国家政府在危机四伏的背景下,掀起了一场以功能卸载、市场价值回归为取向的行政改革。新公共管理模式的出现试图取代传统行政模式的一些核心特点和原则。对同样面临变革的中国而言,在借鉴的同时,却需要吸收科层制的精华。  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Marketization and state restructuring are proceeding apace in China and Vietnam. China and Vietnam are not, however, converging upon the global regulatory model, even allowing for customary national variations. Rather, they are building up distinctive forms of regulatory regimes aiming to maintain the party-state's control over key state sectors, while at the same time integrating with the global economy and conforming to international norms and standards. This study argues that the regulatory model being adopted in Vietnam and China is the product of a specific kind of transition from a command to a market economy within an authoritarian political regime. While diffusion theories are of use in identifying external driving forces for the reform effort, these theories are of limited value for unveiling the dynamics of local contexts. Indigenous incentives, opportunity structures, and the experimental nature of public policy explain why, despite their exposure to global reform movements and commitment to multilateral institutions, China and Vietnam are likely to end up not with just a variety of the same regulatory regime, but a different one. The case of telecommunications regulation is used to illustrate this.  相似文献   

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