共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Steven J. Gold 《Society》2009,46(5):408-411
David Stoll suggests that because contemporary immigrants are non-European, uneducated, poor, and uninterested in joining
the moral community of American society, their presence threatens national unity, obscures citizens’ obligations to one another
and will shortly change the US into a minority–majority society. Drawing from historical accounts and statistical evidence,
this article asserts that immigrants provide American society with social, economic and demographic benefits. Moreover, while
pundits have long predicted that immigrants with national origins distinct from those of natives will transform American life
to its detriment, the record reveals the US has been able to incorporate diverse nationalities to the benefit of immigrants
and the native-born alike.
相似文献
Steven J. GoldEmail: |
2.
Robert Dingwall 《Society》2009,46(3):247-249
‘Social precognition’ is the forerunner of new developments in science and technology such as extended life or immortality.
While life-extension may have been neglected by philosophers or social scientists, it has been explored in depth by creative
writers. They underline the threat of new kinds of inequality and of the conservatism of a society that protects the interests
of the long-lived. They also question the quality of a longer life as likely to be lonely and empty rather than wise, peaceful
and fulfilled.
相似文献
Robert DingwallEmail: |
3.
Deliberative ideals have become commercial goods bought and sold in an expanding consultancy market. In this market, demand
is generated by government and advocacy groups seeking innovative ways to engage with the public. On the supply side are a
growing number of commercial organizations selling deliberative goods and services such as process design, facilitation and
evaluation. This paper characterizes the nature of this deliberative market, and considers its implications for democracy
and contemporary governance. An analysis of deliberative consultants finds that their professional world is more akin to a
‘community of practice’ rather than a marketplace. But the development of this community of deliberative practitioners could
go in opposing directions. On the one hand consultants could become the entrepreneurs of deliberative democracy, promoting
and demonstrating its benefits for policy making. On the other hand, if the motivations for deepening democracy are fully
replaced by business imperatives and competition, then the deliberative project would be severely undermined. Rather than
predict the future, the paper identifies some of the opportunities and challenges for democratic governance as elements of
deliberative democracy are commodified.
相似文献
Lyn CarsonEmail: |
4.
We present an analysis of the economic, political and social factors that underlay the Apollo program, one of the most exceptional
and costly projects ever undertaken by the United States in peacetime that culminated in 1969 with the first human steps on
the Moon. This study suggests that the Apollo program provides a vivid illustration of a societal bubble, defined as a collective
over-enthusiasm as well as unreasonable investments and efforts, derived through excessive public and/or political expectations
of positive outcomes associated with a general reduction of risk aversion. We show that economic, political and social factors
weaved a network of reinforcing feedbacks that led to widespread over-enthusiasm and extraordinary commitment by those involved
in the project as well as by politicians and by the public at large. We propose the general concept of “pro-bubbles”, according
to which bubbles are an unavoidable development in technological and social enterprise that benefits society by allowing exceptional
niches of innovation to be explored.
相似文献
Didier SornetteEmail: |
5.
Bryan S. Turner 《Society》2009,46(3):255-261
The article examines illustrations from ancient and modern societies to consider the connections between power, social elites
and knowledge of techniques to promote longevity. In pre-modern societies, knowledge of practices and substances to promote
longevity were cultivated by elites such as the Chinese imperial court. In modern societies, new technologies—cryonics, cloning,
stem-cell applications and nanotechnology—will offer exclusive and expensive methods for prolonging life for the rich. However
one important difference between the ancient and modern world is that with secularization longevity is no longer connected
with a moral life; longevity is not a reward for sanctity. We have democratized the ambition for long life but not necessarily
its realization. The modern quest for longevity appears to be connected with the desire of Baby Boomer generations to hold
on to their assets, but while modern medicine may help us to survive forever, it cannot tell us how to live forever.
相似文献
Bryan S. TurnerEmail: |
6.
Karl Popper’s equation of the closed society with tribalism is reviewed and modified. The German origins of the anthropological
concept of culture and its related ideas of the folk culture and cultural relativism are explored. The vicissitudes of the
idea of The Folk and its swing from Right to Left are related to contemporary neo-primitivism. The open society and high culture
are defended.
相似文献
Robin FoxEmail: |
7.
Catherine Simpson Bueker 《Society》2009,46(5):423-428
Policy makers tend to focus on the extension of citizenship as the primary means by which new populations become incorporated
into a society. Although acquiring formal citizenship is necessary in order to participate in many aspects of a state's civic,
social, and political life, the extension of legal citizenship is far from a guarantee for full membership. Instead of focusing
exclusively on naturalizing immigrants, we need to consider T.H. Marshall's three spheres of citizenship—the civil, political,
and social. By extending social elements of citizenship prior to or at the same time as we extend other benefits, we will
move towards more complete citizenship for and greater civil and political engagement among all residents in our society—non-citizens,
naturalized, and native-born, alike.
相似文献
Catherine Simpson BuekerEmail: |
8.
Peter Augustine Lawler 《Society》2009,46(3):227-231
Callahan is wrong to be pro-death, but he’s right to say that to live well—or for society to have a real future—we have to
care about more than mere life. Futile attempts to stop the pursuit of extreme personal prolongevity are contrary to our rights-based
way of life. It’s also contrary to human love and dignity to regard the old as a threat.
相似文献
Peter Augustine LawlerEmail: |
9.
Frank Furedi 《Society》2009,46(3):235-236
This essay questions Callahan’s criticism of people’s aspiration to extend their life. It argues that ideas about life are
subject to historical variations and the question at issue is whether society can give meaning to aging. It also questions
the claim that the radical extension of human life will jeopardize the welfare of future generations. It suggests that the
application of the precautionary principle to the question of aging avoid facing up to question how society should value the
old.
相似文献
Frank FurediEmail: |
10.
Erik Cohen 《Society》2008,45(4):330-333
Tourism, a domain of considerable importance in the contemporary world, has long been overlooked by social scientists, but
has recently become a field attracting a growing body of research. In sociology, the relation between tourism and modernity
at first constituted the issue of principal interest, the discourse focusing on the extent to which modern Western tourists
seek authentic experiences on their trip. The article discusses the changes in the terms of the discourse, contingent upon
the growing similarity of the world in the wake of globalization, the emergence of the “post-tourist,” and the diversification
in the composition of tourists, with the growth in the number of travelers from non-Western countries. The question of the
limits of the future expansion of the tourist system is raised in conclusion.
相似文献
Erik CohenEmail: |
11.
Peter Skerry 《Society》2008,45(1):46-52
The situations of nineteenth century dock workers and today’s immigrant day laborers bear striking similarities and challenges,
especially for those seeking to organize them into labor unions. The obstacles confronting such organizing efforts also underscore
the legitimate concerns many Americans have about the threats to social order posed by immigrants today.
相似文献
Peter SkerryEmail: |
12.
Marc Bühlmann Wolfgang Merkel Lisa Müller Bernhard Weßels 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2008,49(1):114-122
Ohne Zusammenfassung
* Die vier Autor(inn)en arbeiten in einem gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekt des NCCR Democracy (vom Schweizerischen Nationalfonds
finanziertes National Centre of Competence in Research: Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century) und des WZB an einem „Demokratiebarometer“ für die 30 OECD-Staaten, das die Ignoranz der 0-Varianz bei Polity und Freedom House aufkl?ren will.
相似文献
Marc Bühlmann (Corresponding author)Email: |
Wolfgang MerkelEmail: |
Lisa MüllerEmail: |
Bernhard We?elsEmail: |
13.
A consensus now exists that secularization theory can no longer explain the worldwide persistence and spread of modern religious
movements, with the exception of western and central Europe as well as intellectuals in general. This essay examines how these
new religious forces have taken root in economic development and how that development has been shaped by those same forces.
An assessment is made of Max Weber’s famous thesis in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. The article concludes with five major observations about religion and development in the modern world.
相似文献
Peter L. BergerEmail: |
14.
Official apologies and truth commissions are increasingly utilized as mechanisms to address human rights abuses. Both are
intended to transform inter-group relations by marking an end point to a history of wrongdoing and providing the means for
political and social relations to move beyond that history. However, state-dominated reconciliation mechanisms are inherently
problematic for indigenous communities. In this paper, we examine the use of apologies, and truth and reconciliation commissions
in four countries with significant indigenous populations: Canada, Australia, Peru, and Guatemala. In each case, the reconciliation
mechanism differentiated the goal of reconciliation from an indigenous self-determination agenda. The resulting state-centered
strategies ultimately failed to hold states fully accountable for past wrongs and, because of this, failed to transform inter-group
relations.
相似文献
Cindy Holder (Corresponding author)Email: |
15.
Robert Carle 《Society》2008,45(2):181-190
In the 1980s, Britain’s Labour Party promoted a system of race-relations that envisioned Britain as a collection of discrete
cultures with equal status. This multicultural model for organizing society conflicted with traditional British notions of
a unified national culture, with an assimilationist model of immigrant incorporation. Today, the Labour Party’s relationship
with Islamists is sharply dividing Labour’s “rainbow” constituency. Whereas the horrific events of 9/11 and 7/7 have led many
Labour leaders to replace its defense of multiculturalism with Tory-sounding calls for immigrant assimilation, other Labour
leaders are working harder than ever to accommodate their Muslim constituents.
相似文献
Robert CarleEmail: |
16.
Howard L. Kaye 《Society》2009,46(3):237-239
As Leon Kass has noted, the conquest of illness and death has long been “the unstated but implicit goal of modern medical
science.” But it is unstated no more. Since the late 1990s, a new generation of scientists and enthusiasts has emerged to
proclaim the feasibility and desirability of radical life extension. What they promise is not just longer life, better health,
and heightened vitality, but a transformation of ourselves into the sort of beings we have long wished to be, but have repeatedly
failed to become: beings who are completely fulfilled and living in perfect harmony with others. Despite the obvious and profound
appeal of such a fantasy, attempts to realize it, even if successful scientifically, might prove to be disastrous culturally,
for reasons that go beyond concerns about the alteration of existing social structures. Ultimately, as Freud argued, life
might well become stagnant, “shallow and empty,” while the fear of death might become all the more crippling.
相似文献
Howard L. KayeEmail: |
17.
Bryan S. Turner 《Society》2008,45(3):260-266
In response to Roger Sandall’s critical analysis, the problematic notion of culture in modern anthropology is examined in
terms of cultural resistance to globalization. The example of McDonaldization is taken to be a potent instance of cultural
globalization. Three conditions for successful cultural resistance to cultural standardization are proposed. The first is
cultural in the shape of a strong aesthetic tradition of (national) resistance. This dimension involves some degree of cultural
conservatism. The second condition is political, namely a viable and robust civil society that provides the basis for decisive
(cultural) leadership. The third element is the involvement of the state in policies that promote and sustain a national heritage.
Without this state involvement, global market conditions will largely shape the erosion of local and national cultures. Without
a political response to cultural globalization, global market commodities will in all likelihood oust local goods and services.
Those societies that lack both a strong aesthetic and an effective political leadership can offer little effective resistance
to negative globalization and their local traditions are quickly destroyed. This argument is then examined in terms of a number
of societies especially Turkey, China and Japan where the erosion of national cultures is proceeding rapidly. These critical
assertions against global standardization require a strong first-order notion of culture which modern anthropology appears
to be unable or unwilling to provide.
相似文献
Bryan S. TurnerEmail: |
18.
James G. Poulos 《Society》2008,45(3):294-298
With group psychology and business management hand in hand, a major cultural imperative is to strengthen the intensity and
intimacy of corporate human resources programs. Stressing an ethic of authentic individuality, the human resources industry
seeks to leverage the competitive spirit into a rationale for the collaborative spirit. In so doing, it reflects a profound
change in the meaning of vocation. Bureaucracies must compete for the commitment of authenticity-seeking individuals with
a freewheeling leisure market that rewards work with social entertainment experiences. The business environment must redefine
itself as a social activity center that mirrors rewards available outside the workplace, blurring the lines between work and
play and self and other. By elevating teamwork to social instinct as the mode of production, human resources practices contribute
to a deepening recognition that bureaucracy must be re-enchanted in order to survive amid the same ethic of individuality
that powers contemporary market capitalism.
相似文献
James G. PoulosEmail: |
19.
Richard Nunan 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(4):537-541
Consequentialist cosmopolitanism, Peter Higgins argues, enables closed border liberals to evade charges of moral hypocrisy
despite their commitment to moral equality of individuals, once we recognize that open border arguments rely on cosmopolitanism’s
individualism requirement, which ignores social realities relevant to a realistic assessment of the social consequences of
an open immigration policy. Higgins is mistaken, however, in contending that cosmopolitan individualism entails attention
to people only in their capacity as the abstract atomic individuals populating Charles Mills’ idealized social ontologies.
Conversely, if cosmopolitan individualism does compel us to think of people as abstract atomic individuals, we are not obliged
to think of them as relatively privileged. Under liberal cosmopolitanism, however, which prohibits state discrimination between
citizens and non-citizens, open border policies are subject to no such consequentialist objections.
相似文献
Richard NunanEmail: |
20.
David Popenoe 《Society》2009,46(5):429-436
Non-marital cohabitation has become widespread in modern, Western nations. It has led to dramatic declines in marriage rates
and contributed to high levels of unwed births and lone-parent families, thus negatively affecting child wellbeing.
相似文献
David PopenoeEmail: |