M地铁站人员疏散特性分析

地铁火灾严重威胁着地铁系统的安全运行,实现火灾状态下人员安全疏散是地铁安全设计中的重要一环,也是满足紧急状态下应急响应的基本要求。本文以M地铁站为实例进行研究,采用人员疏散仿真模拟软件(Path Finder)对地铁站在复杂火灾工况下的疏散特性进行了数值模拟,得出了M地铁站的真实疏散时间(RSET),通过数据分析验证了M地铁站火灾工况下完全具备人员安全疏散的功能特性,即M地铁站站内疏散设施在火灾情况下能够满足人员安全疏散;为示范地点安全疏散方案的优化设计提供指导建议。     

隧道火灾及隧道涂料

本文简要介绍了国内外公路隧道、铁路隧道及地铁火灾情况，介绍了一种能在潮湿环境中使用、火灾发生时无有害气体产生的环保型隧道防火涂料，可用于钢结构和混凝土的耐火保护。     

地铁消防安全技术的研究

本文简要介绍了我国地铁消防安全技术发展现状以及面临的问题。在分析了以往地铁火灾发生原因的基础上，指出了目前地铁消防安全技术需要加大科研投入力度的几个研究方向和研究课题。     

高清监控技术在城市轨道交通中的应用

城市轨道交通是城市公共交通系统中的一个重要组成部分,包括了地铁、轻轨、市郊通勤铁路、有轨电车以及磁悬浮铁路等多种类型.随着城镇化实施、城市化率不断提高,城市轨道交通已成为广大市民出行的首选交通工具.从东京地铁毒气、莫斯科地铁爆炸,韩国地铁纵火等恐怖袭击事件,到近期北京扶手电梯伤亡事件、上海地铁供电切断事件、温州动车相撞事故等,不断发生威胁地铁安全的恐怖袭击及火灾、技术故障、治安及其他危害公共安全的事件,使得安全防范工作已经成为城市轨道交通的首要任务.     

地铁隧道安全疏散平台的理想结构件

为了解决城市公共交通问题，越来越多的城市开展了地下铁道(简称地铁)建设。由于地铁站和地铁列车内人员非常密集，如果地铁遭遇恐怖袭击、输电系统出现故障以及地铁站、地铁列车、地下铁道隧道(简称地铁隧道)输电电缆发生火灾等，很容易造成群死群伤恶性事故。国外在这方面已有惨痛教训。     

深圳地铁“火灾自动报警系统”填补国内空白

记者从近日召开的地铁科技成果鉴定会上获悉，深圳地铁建立以用户为主导的创新模式，与中标企业共同研发装备系统，其中火灾自动报警系统填补了国内空白。     

隧道建设和运营期火灾原因及预防措施探讨

对近年来国内外89起公路、铁路和地铁隧道火灾案例进行分析,隧道火灾的主要致因分布与隧道的类型和工程阶段密切相关,建设期3类交通隧道火灾起因均主要为违章用火,运营维护期火灾起因与隧道类型相关。采用事故树分析(FTA)原理对隧道火灾进行演绎分析,获得不同类型隧道在不同工程阶段时隧道火灾与各类基本事件的逻辑关系式。在隧道火灾起因分析的基础上,从物和人两方面对隧道火灾的防范措施提出了建议,以期对我国隧道交通的消防安全设计、火灾防治研究及其发展提供参考。     

性能化防火设计的基本步骤

建筑物的火灾危险分析是进行建筑物性能化防火安全设计的基本依据。火灾危险分析包括对重大火灾危险源的辨识、评价及控制，能够帮助人们正确认识建筑物的火灾安全状况，这对于有效地预防火灾具有重要的作用。火灾危险分析可以分为定性、半定量及定量分析三种类型。在性能化防火设计中，人们更加关心定量化的分析     

基于Anylogic地下空间火灾人员疏散仿真模拟

Anylogic是目前提供专业虚拟原型环境,包含离散、连续、和混合行为模拟,同时又是少数提供了人员行为库的先进仿真模拟平台之一,它为研究地下空间火灾人员疏散提供了一个良好的环境.本文结合该软件的特点系统地分析了发生地下火灾时影响人员安全疏散各种的因素,对人流密度、人流速度、辐射热、对流热、毒性计算进行了讨论;论文介绍了利用Anylogic进行地下火灾仿真建模的方法,给出了一个地铁车站火灾环境进行了疏散模型的设计和模拟仿真实例,对模拟的效果进行了评述,指出后继工作的研究方向.     

家用电热器具火灾现场勘验方法

家用电热器具给人们的生活带来很大便捷,但是家用电热器具作为一类热源,一旦发生火灾,将带来巨大人员伤亡和财产损失。为了提高全民消防安全意识,给消防安全防火和火灾调查工作提供科学技术依据。本文采用对比、归纳、总结的方法,概括家用电热器具组成、结构及工作原理,结合实习期间参与火灾调查的实践经验,分析引发家用电热器具火灾的主要原因,为火灾调查人员勘验家用电热器具火灾提供参考。     

Program analysis of the NYPD container inspection program

In response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the bus and train bombings in England and Spain that followed, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) developed the ‘Container Inspection Program’ which ‘focuses on backpacks and containers large enough to hold explosives, [and to] ideally discourage subway riders from carrying backpacks and large bags in the subway system’. This paper analyzes the NYPD Container Inspection Program.     

Subway Train‐Related Fatalities in New York City: Accident versus Suicide*

Abstract: We examined the characteristics of subway train‐related fatalities in New York City between Jan. 1, 2003 and May 31, 2007 in order to determine which factors are useful in differentiating accident from suicide. Subway train‐related deaths with homicide and undetermined manners also are included. During this period, there were 211 subway train‐related fatalities. The manners of death were: suicide (n = 111), accident (n = 76), undetermined (n = 20), and homicide (n = 4). The causes of death were blunt trauma (n = 206) and electrocution (n = 5). Torso transection and extremity amputation were more frequent in suicides. Antidepressant medications were more frequently detected in suicides, whereas cocaine and ethanol were more frequent in accidents. However, autopsy findings should be weighed in the context of the entire evaluation along with other circumstantial and investigative findings. In unwitnessed deaths where additional information is unavailable or discrepant, the most appropriate manner of death usually is undetermined.     

Surveillance cameras and crime: a review of randomized and natural experiments

Research on the effectiveness of surveillance cameras in reducing crime suffers from potential threats to causal validity. This paper reviews seven studies that address some of these problems using the rigorous research designs of randomized and natural experiments. Included studies that reported changes in total crime found crime reductions ranging from 24 to 28% in public streets and urban subway stations, but no desirable effects in parking facilities or suburban subway stations. Moreover, surveillance cameras may help reduce unruly behaviour in football stadiums and theft in supermarkets/mass merchant stores. These findings indicate that video surveillance can reduce crime in several settings.     

Effect of public transit on crime: evidence from SEPTA strikes in Philadelphia

Journal of Experimental Criminology - We use the temporary closings of subway stations in Philadelphia to examine the effects of public transit on crime in the nearby communities. The Southeastern...     

Multiagency Coordination and Response: Case Study of the July 2005 London Bombings1

On July 7, 2005, terrorists carried out a series of bombings in London's underground subway system and transportation network. Fifty‐two people were killed and more than 700 were injured. The authors of this study interviewed key staff from London agencies to evaluate the response to the London attacks and analyzed the responses using the General Coordination Model defined in prior research (Eyerman and Strom, 2005). Results indicate that the London coordination regime, which is characterized by a high level of preplanning, joint exercises, and regular improvement through constant use, minimized the effect of common barriers to multiagency response. Successful elements of the London response included the rapid recognition and declaration of a major incident; a successful command and control system that involved all key agencies and which was implemented quickly following the bombings; limited disagreement across agencies on roles and responsibilities; and, delivery of a single, unified media message.     

Veldt fires in South Africa: Implications on osteometry and the biological profile

Standard operating procedures for forensic anthropological analyses dictate that thermally altered remains should not be measured, hindering the creation of a biological profile. Few studies have addressed estimating biological parameters from burned remains, with the greatest focus of this research area being on cremated remains. However, veldt fires are more common than cremation in the South African forensic context. The aim of this study was to explore the degree of structural changes observed in domestic pig (Sus scrofa) bones associated with thermal destruction and the potential impact on the estimation of a biological profile using standard osteometric methods. A total of 96 pig femora were divided equally into two categories: fresh and dry. Within each category, equal samples were exposed to different durations of burning, namely, 5, 10, and 20 min. Ten standard femoral anthropological measurements were collected before and after burning. Technical error of measurement and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess changes in the femoral dimensions before and after burning. Most measurements were significantly different after burning, with the fresh bones decreasing in size by up to 7.8% and the dry bones decreasing in size by up to 4.0%. The magnitude of post-burning measurement changes for both burn conditions was similar to, or smaller than has previously been reported for observer measurement errors of commonly used variables investigated for standard osteometric studies. Veldt fires are less intense than cremation, thus causing less shrinkage.     

论医药购销领域商业贿赂犯罪的刑法规制

近年来，医药购销领域商业贿赂犯罪形势愈发严峻，给整个社会带来了极大危害，急需刑法的有效惩治。但由于我国现行刑法中有关商业贿赂犯罪的法律规定存在着一定的缺失，一定程度上影响了医药购销领域商业贿赂犯罪的刑法规制效果。为此，我们有必要对商业贿赂犯罪的刑事立法缺陷进行相应的完善，以期增强运用刑法打击医药购销领域商业贿赂犯罪的威慑力。     

论劳动关系与劳务关系

随着市场经济的快速发展和劳动法制的不断完善,劳动力市场更加活跃,用人形式也更为灵活,劳动者与用人单位既可以建立劳动关系,也可以建立劳务关系。劳动关系与劳务关系都表现为一方提供劳动力,另一方支付劳动报酬,并经常交织在一起,实践中两者容易混淆,很难正确区分。但二者有着本质的不同,劳动关系是劳动者在用人单位从事劳动过程中发生的社会关系。劳务关系是指两个或两个以上的平等主体之间就劳务事项进行等价交换过程中形成的一种经济关系。二者在主体地位、表现形式、受国家干预程度、享受待遇等方面都具有本质的区别,只有认清二者的本质特征,才能正确适用法律,切实保障劳动者的合法权益。     

隐私权制度中的权利冲突

现代社会,隐私权日益成为一项重要的人格权。基于隐私权概念的不确定性和法律的局限性,隐私权与其他权利的冲突不可避免。解决的方式有立法和司法两种。其中司法中的利益衡量方法发挥着重要作用。从类型化研究来看,隐私权与表达自由的冲突主要通过司法途径解决,而隐私权与知情权的冲突则主要通过立法途径解决。     

Citizen Orientations Toward State and Non-State Policing*

In contemporary Western societies, policing has become associated with the state although this practice is of recent origin and by no means universal. Even within post-industrial states, non-state forms of policing exist and may be a rediscovered source of social control. A survey of subway riders in New York City provides information about citizen dispositions toward policing by state and non-state sources. It was found that respondents are substantially more supportive of a self designated citizen anti-crime organization, the Guardian Angels, than they are of the New York City Transit Police although a sizable number of respondents support both sources of policing. Differential assessment is related to perception of crime trends, the degrees to which respondents believe bystanders will intervene on their behalf in the event of a crime, fear of victimization and the reported likelihood that respondents will intervene. Such findings are useful in addressing general theoretical issues respecting the basis for support of state and non-state policing and their relative role in social control.