家庭、国家与儿童福利供给

儿童抚育事务在传统上主要由家庭承担。工业革命之后,西方国家才开始系统关注并发展儿童社会福利,为抚育儿童的父母提供制度化的国家支持,并对父母亲权的实践进行国家监督。尽管不同的儿童社会福利理论对于如何界定家庭与国家在儿童抚育与儿童福利供给过程中的关系模式存有分歧,但是,关注得不到家庭适当抚育的儿童的福利,并为其提供必要的福利服务,已经成为现代国家的共识。鉴于我国传统的以家庭为主的儿童抚育模式出现失灵,积极发展选择性的儿童福利服务具有其充分的合理性。     

婚前性行为和同居观念的现状及影响因素:现代性解释框架的经验验证

本文在现代性解释框架下对我国婚前性和同居的社会态度进行了实证研究。分析数据来源于2007—2008年在上海和兰州两地进行的抽样调查(N=2200)。研究结果发现,成长于改革开放前后的人群对婚前性和同居的态度的确具有显著差异,但与西方相比仍相当保守。在影响因素方面,除了现代理性、后物质主义和个体主义价值观念的增长之外,社区文化和国家制度变迁对我国性态度变迁的影响效应不容忽视。     

婚姻市场要价:理解农村婚姻交换现象的一个框架

本文基于各地农村大量的婚姻现象,抽象出婚姻市场要价这一理解当前农村婚姻交换的理论框架。该理论以农村人口流动中婚姻市场形成与农村婚姻资源配置的结构性失衡为背景,阐述了婚姻财礼的性质,以及婚姻市场中女方要价的可欲性、可能性与基础性,论述了男方婚姻负担的表现形态,并呈现了婚姻变迁所带来的一系列社会后果。     

Child Workers in India: Context and Complexities

This paper portrays the nature of child workers in India and seeks to understand its many complexities. It looks at the definition of child labour, the extent of its prevalence, the reasons why children work, and the occupations they are engaged in. It outlines India’s position on international obligations, its expanding domestic laws, and the tardy implementation of these laws. It examines some of the inherent cultural constraints and the role of values and beliefs in perpetuating child labour. It analyses the relationship between education and child workers, and a possible solution in the form of compulsory education. The paper emphasises that child workers in India are from the marginalized sections and do not work out of choice. It stresses that this phenomenon is, above all, a problem for the children. The paper concludes by advocating the need to discard attitudes that are discriminatory or rationalise abuse, and the need to adopt a rights-based, child-centred approach to counter the increasing number of child workers.

碰撞与徘徊:打工潮背景下农村青年婚姻流动的变迁——以鄂西南山区坪村为例

在打工潮冲击下,农村青年婚姻流动在村落传统与现代性之间碰撞与徘徊。传统与现代的张力使村庄通婚圈呈现出一幅伸缩并存的变迁图景。传统通婚圈内的地方性知识对婚姻流动的支配作用逐渐削弱。婚姻资源以水平流动占绝对主导地位的状况被改变,垂直流动日趋明显。其配置机制呈现出性别、区域和城乡差异。传统通婚圈的解体,不仅意味着婚姻资源流动范围的扩大和不平等性的加剧,而且在于地方性知识的瓦解与支配婚姻流动规则的改变。     

择偶中的生肖匹配——基于层叠拓扑模型的实证研究

本文使用2000年人口普查数据验证传统生肖婚配习俗在现代婚姻中的现实影响力。分析发现,人们一般会对生肖匹配的忌比合更在意;各种民间生肖婚配俗语和六害因大五婚歌而广为流传而在民间有较强的影响力。     

性别失衡背景下中国农村人口的婚姻策略与婚姻质量——对X市和全国百村调查的分析

本文利用2009年X市农村流动人口调查和2010年全国百村调查数据,从性别、出生队列、人口流动与区域视角综合分析性别失衡下农村人口的婚姻策略和婚姻质量状况。分析发现,男性婚姻挤压对农村人口婚姻策略的影响初露端倪,明显降低了婚姻质量,城乡人口流动对农村人口婚姻的正负影响相互交织,男性婚姻挤压对婚姻影响的地区差异逐步加大。     

Economics and the Left Party Vote in Scandinavia: A Cross-National Analysis

While the literature on economic voting is vast, relatively little is known about how the economy affects party vote shares in Scandinavia per se. This article argues that left of center parties rather than incumbent governments per se bear the brunt of economic judgments at the voting booth. In large part this is due to these parties' preeminent role in establishing and maintaining the institutional welfare systems of these countries. We examine this hypothesis using pooled time-series data for Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from 1960 to 1991.     

中国台湾的女孩生存问题及其公共政策治理

通过网络、国际会议、期刊等媒介搜集相关资料,首先对中国台湾省的女孩生存问题的态势和原因进行了梳理,发现台湾的女孩生存问题主要由出生性别比反映出来,呈现出总体上升趋势,但主要在略高于正常值的范围内波动;导致台湾女孩生存问题的原因包括根源性原因、条件性原因和直接原因。其次对台湾在女孩生存问题方面的公共政策治理措施及其效果进行了分析,发现台湾不仅采取了针对女孩生存问题的直接措施,也采取了促进妇女发展的间接措施,涉及到法律、政治、经济、人口、文化等各个领域,并建立了确保治理措施付诸于实施的运行机制。这些公共政策治理措施虽然在短期内并没有改变台湾女孩生存问题的现状,但对于提高妇女地位、促进妇女发展产生了一定的积极影响。最后借鉴台湾针对女孩生存问题治理的经验和教训,立足于大陆女孩生存问题及其治理的特点,分别从战略和操作化两个层次为大陆地区女孩生存问题的治理提出了政策建议。     

Making Child Protection Policy: The Crime and Misconduct Commission Inquiry into Abuse of Children in Foster Care in Queensland

Internationally as well as in Australia, public inquiries have become one of the dominant means of scrutinising child protection services. As such, inquiries have become a policy mechanism for defining the problem of child abuse, and developing possible solutions. This article examines the 2004 Crime and Misconduct Commission Inquiry into the Abuse of Children in Foster Care in Queensland. It discusses both the problems and potential of public inquiries in promoting positive change in a contested policy field like child protection.     

Postmodernity,Post-coloniality and Globalisation: A Chinese Perspective

On the basis of my reconsideration of postmodernity from a Chinese perspective, I offer, in this paper, my own definition of global postmodernity in regard to its reception and reaction in China, especially in the case of contemporary popular and consumer culture. For me, the prevalence of consumer culture has raised a severe challenge against high culture in current China, which is marked by various postmodern symptoms and which deserves scholarly observation. Affected by globalization, Chinese intellectuals, like those in other parts of the world, have thought up some practical strategies by maintaining dialogues with their counterparts in the West rather than adopting a post-colonial attitude to Western influence. It is therefore not necessary to be afraid of the impact of globalization, for it is always counter-balanced by the other trend: localization.     

Citizenship Tests: A Comparative, Communitarian Perspective

The history, nature and scope of citizen naturalisation tests are briefly examined in this article, as well as their political and social applications. A comparison of tests from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany highlights the ways in which these tests are used as immigration controls rather than as a way to establish preparation for citizenship. The difference in the content of the tests also reveal alternative conceptions of citizenship including authoritarian, liberal and neo-communitarian.     

UK Initiatives on Forced Marriage: Regulation, Dialogue and Exit

The literature on feminism and multiculturalism has identified potential conflicts between the recognition of cultural diversity and securing women's equality. Three broad approaches to this dilemma have emerged in the practices of contemporary states: regulation, working with the communities, and exit. Each of these is apparent in current initiatives regarding forced marriage, but the overwhelming emphasis in the UK has been on enabling individuals to exit from the threat or reality of a forced marriage. In assessing these initiatives, this paper highlights the limitations of exit and the danger of moving towards immigration regulation as the preferred solution.     

International marriage and the state in South Korea: focusing on governmental policy

With globalization, the number of individuals traveling, working or studying abroad is rising globally, and so is the number of international marriages. However, there has been a dramatic rise in the number of ‘mail-order brides’ through matchmaking since the 1970s in the Western world and since the 1990s in several Asian countries. The so-called ‘mail-order bride’ phenomenon has become an important route for international migration, especially for gendered migration. Since official relations with China began in August 1992, the number of Korean Chinese women who came into Korea for marriage with native Korean men is about 100,000 between 1990 and 2005. The number of Japanese women who married Korean men is approximately 17,000, while the numbers of Filipino women who married Korean men is about 6000. Recently, the nationalities of these foreign wives of Korean men have expanded to include women from Vietnam, Russia, and Uzbekistan. In 2005, among a total of 250,000 foreign spouses in Korea, 160,000 of them were women. The Korean state had contributed to initiate these international marriages by importing Korean Chinese women for their unmarried rural citizens. As international marriages have become a social issue, the state tries to cope with these new issues through changing the laws and policies. Utilizing several government statistics, a nationwide questionnaire survey of nearly 1000 foreign brides with various nationalities, which was conducted in May and June 2005, and some interviewed data of foreign wives and government personnel, this paper analyzes (1) patterns and trends of marriage migration to Korea; (2) the issues and problems of foreign brides, such as their status and citizenship, economic situation, access to social security and ‘fake marriages’ issues; and (3) recent changes in governmental policies towards them. Special focus will be on what factors influenced the recent governmental action and how the ideology that ‘A married daughter is no longer a daughter ()’ is still reflected in recent policies even in today's more progressive society.