执政理念与政治合法性

在现代社会 ,政党执政 ,尤其是长期执政 ,从根本上说 ,要获得社会民众的认同和支持 ,要具有政治合法性。政治合法性可以建立在不同的基础上 ,其中最重要的基础是执政党的执政理念。从深层意义上说 ,执政理念直接影响着执政效果 ,影响着政权的稳固程度。创新执政理念 ,是执政党赢得政治合法性的根本所在。“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观是当代中国共产党的执政新理念 ,包含着“为民”、“发展”、“法治”、“廉洁”等时代内容。     

古巴共产党的执政理念探析

政党的执政理念很大程度上决定一个政党执政的成败。古巴共产党在多年的执政实践中,自始至终坚持以人为本、公平正义的理念,并将两者有机融合在一起,采取切实有效措施保证人民平等的教育、医疗和社会保障等权利，让古巴人民过上了安康和谐的生活。     

外国执政党促进社会活力与和谐的做法

和谐社会建设是一项复杂的系统工程,而社会创造力和活力是和谐社会的一个重要组成部分.外国政党形态不同、功能各异、作用不一,其组织形式、运作模式、发展程度、执政能力差别很大,并深受本国的历史传统文化、经济发展水平、民族风俗习惯等多种因素的影响和制约.但是,外国执政党从执政理念、制度建设和具体做法等方面,均十分重视建设一个充满活力的和谐社会.     

中国共产党执政体系的治理绩效基础研究

政府和执政党治理的绩效是政治合法性的重要基础,但不必然会增进合法性。在中国共产党发展和执政的历程中,有效性为其存在和执政的政治合法性提供了重要支撑。在"文革"等历史时期,党执政的治理绩效基础一度比较低下,对党执政的合法性构成了一定程度的侵蚀。改革开放以来,以经济发展为主要指标体系的现代化发展目标和相关政策的有效实施,带来了以经济为主要标志的整个社会的全面飞速变迁,在很大程度上增进和巩固了党的执政体系的合法性。当然,仍需要正确地认识目前的有效性,即治理绩效作为党的执政体系的基础之一所具有的科学性和局限性,并在政策层面加以调整和完善。     

中国共产党对于执政规律的探索

执政规律是任何一个政党必须高度重视并予以解决的问题,中国共产党的执政经受住了历史和现实的检验,在党和国家发展的不同阶段及重要转折时期,中国共产党能够高瞻远瞩,及时转变自身的执政理念和执政方式,探索出了从追求人民解放到人民富裕再到人民民主、从强调国家本位到注重人民本位、从硬实力建设到软实力和巧实力构建的执政规律,从而使党的执政基础不断得到巩固和加强。     

执政党维新

15年的市场经济,不仅从根本上改变了中国社会的面貌,实际上也在很大程度上改变了执政党本身。从革命党向执政党的转变,成为执政党的自觉意识。和革命不同,执政地位的巩固已经不完全取决于如何将体制力量凝聚到领袖的     

国外社会主义及左翼现状与未来选择

<正>2008年国际金融危机爆发以来,资本主义深陷结构性危机,对资本主义批判的声浪席卷全球。中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度活力彰显,极大鼓舞了国外社会主义及左翼力量的发展,成为世界社会主义运动的最大亮点。越南共产党、老挝人民革命党、古巴共产党等执政地位稳固,革新开放事业不同程度推进。社会主义国家依然是世界社会主义运动的中流砥柱。西方再     

社会主义国家仍然面临艰巨的改革任务

第二次世界大战后，共产党执政的社会主义国家曾经由苏联一国扩展到十六国。到上个世纪末先后垮掉十一国，剩下的五国在经济体制和对外关系体制方面不同程度地实行了改革开放，中国、越南等国取得了世人公认的成就，但是在政治体制和思想文化体制方面仍然面临艰巨的改革任务。在这里我只想就这五国政党制度存在的问题谈点看法。     

2013年拉美国家传统政党动态与趋势

拉美国家传统政党立党时间早,历史根基深厚,许多党曾长期执政。随着全球化进程和拉美地区政治生态环境的变化,拉美传统政党的政治地位遭遇前所未有挑战,政治影响力出现不同程度下降,即使那些仍继续执政的传统政党也面临严重合法性困境。但传统政党仍是该地区最重要的政治力量,一些传统政党仍具有掌控或主导国家政治发展的能力。     

枫桥经验的启示

十八大之后,执政党大力倡导群众路线、转变作风、批评与自我批评等,这些传统的政治资源被领导人反复提及。时代不同了,这些政治资源要在新的条件下发挥作用,"创造性转换"是必要的。新中国建立后,执政的中国共产党的一个常见的执政方法是,从全局的需要出发,树立和打造各种典型样板,然后在全国推广。最著名的例子,比如工业学大庆、农业学大寨等。     

Power and transformational and transactional leadership in public and private organizations

Ten public and 35 private organizations located in Central New York State participated in a university- sponsored research project to study the effects of organizational characteristics upon types of leadership (transformational/transactional) and power demonstrated by supervisors. Public sector organizations in which managers had low control over rewards were compared to private sector organizations in which managers had high control over rewards.

Followers perceived public sector supervisors as more inspirational by their followers and they used more active management-by-exception behavior than those in private organizations. Private sector supervisors had more reward, legitimate and coercive power than supervisors in public sector organizations.     

Natural Resources and Small Island Economies: Mauritius and Trinidad and Tobago

Abstract

Historically, small economies, especially resource-rich ones, underperformed on average relative to their larger counterparts. Small island economies appear still more disadvantaged due to remoteness from both markets and agglomeration economies. Yet a comparison of two small island economies with similar initial conditions other than their mineral endowment suggests that policy outweighs size, isolation and resource endowment in determining economic performance. Resource-poor Mauritius adopted an unfashionable policy of export manufacturing that systematically eliminated surplus labour, which drove economic diversification that sustained rapid GDP growth and political maturation. Like most resource-rich economies, Trinidad and Tobago pursued policies that absorbed rent too rapidly, which impeded diversification and created an illusory prosperity vulnerable to collapse.     

Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians and why Novorossiya failed

This article discusses two inter-related issues. Firstly, the factors lying behind Russia's fervent belief that its Novorossiya (New Russia) project, aimed to bring back to Russia eight oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Zaporizhhya, Odesa, Mykolayiv, and Kherson in eastern and southern Ukraine and launched during the 2014 “Russian Spring,” would be successful. Russian identity misunderstood, and continues to misunderstand, Ukraine and Ukrainians through stereotypes and myths of Ukraine as an “artificial state” and Ukraine's Russian speakers as “fraternal brothers” and Russians and Ukrainians as “one people” (odin narod). Secondly, why Ukrainian national identity was different than these Russian stereotypes and myths and how this led to the failure of the Novorossiya project. Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians came face to face with the reality of Russian-speaking Ukrainian patriotism and their low support for the Russkij Mir (Russian World). The article compares Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians with how Ukrainians see themselves to explain the roots of the 2014 crisis, “Russian Spring,” and failure of Russian President Vladimir Putin's Novorossiya project.     

现代化与未成年人犯罪

未成人犯罪随着现代化的发展而发展，这可以说是一种国际现象。在现代化进程中，我国未成年人犯罪大量增多的原因在于：未成年人生理、心理发展不平衡，家庭教育存在缺失，学校教育存在不足，社会上存在着很多消极因素。在现代化进程中，必须采取有效对策，控制未成年人犯罪增多，才能保障未成年人健康成长。     

Earnings and ethnicity in Trinidad and Tobago

This study employs 1993 Continuous Sample Survey of the Population (CSSP) data for Trinidad and Tobago to investigate the determinants of earnings by ethnicity. The data, organised into three ethnic groupings, reveal lower levels of remuneration in the labour market for Africans and Indians than for individuals of other ethnicities taken as a whole. While the larger portion of the earnings differentials generally appears to be explained by ethnic differences in characteristics valued by the labour market, Africans and Indians would benefit substantially if they were to receive the same rates of remuneration for their educational endowments as workers of other ethnicities in the Trinidad and Tobago labour market. Notwithstanding Indians’ lowest average earnings, Africans appear more likely to be discriminated against.     

Country size and economic growth and development

This paper attempts to provide limited empirical evidence on the nature of the relationship between country size and rates of economic growth and levels of economic development, and on the possible effects of trade concentration and dependence on trade on this relationship. It suggests that there is no discernible association between country size and economic development, nor between country size and economic growth, and that neither the dependence on trade of small countries nor their commodity and geographic export concentration are necessarily important factors in economic growth and economic development.     

“两抢”犯罪的趋势与防控

根据最近16年的统计数据，我国“两抢”犯罪总体呈上升态势，且出现多方面的特点。当前，影响“两抢”犯罪变化趋势的因素主要有：社会管理机制完善的程度、社会成员之间收入的差距、“两抢”犯罪主体特点、社会成员的防范意识以及公安机关的防控机制等。预防“两抢”犯罪需要整个社会尤其是公安机关的共同努力。     

Government and Corruption: Scylla and Charybdis

Using public sector employment and corruption perception data for 72 countries across the world, this article demonstrates that despite common notion countries with “smaller” governments do not tend to have lower corruption. Under general assumptions, one can demonstrate that there is an optimal size of public sector employment corresponding to the highest capital intensity. The model has several implications: lower optimal sizes of governments for labor intensive countries and higher sizes for capital intensive ones, possibility to reduce corruption paying a cost of suboptimal output, and a higher “price” of an oversized government for labor intensive countries.