共查询到4条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
John Bohstedt 《The Journal of peasant studies》2016,43(5):1035-1067
The food riots of 2007–2008 jolted authoritarian regimes and international agencies into action. The riots also began to crack neoliberal hegemony over the global food system. Food riots have often driven a politics of provisions, sometimes winning relief, sometimes merely bloody repression, depending on a particular country’s political economy. Such bargaining in the politics of provisions is made possible by existing networks – of solidarity among the common people and reciprocity between them and their rulers – that extend elements of ‘normal’ politics into crises. This paper explores how riotous extensions of such sociopolitical networks shaped food politics in early modern England and China, Famine Ireland, the ‘IMF (International Monetary Fund) austerity riots’ of the 1980s and 1990s, and the food riots of 2007–2008. 相似文献
2.
Ronald J. Herring 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(1):159-186
Agricultural biotechnology has been a project of India's developmental state since 1986, but implementation generated significant conflict. Sequential cases of two crops carrying the same transgene – Bt cotton and Bt brinjal (eggplant/aubergine) – facing the same authorization procedures produced different outcomes. The state science that approved Bt cotton was attacked as biased and dangerously inadequate by opponents, but the technology spread to virtually universal adoption by farmers. Bt aubergine was approved by the same Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), but the decision was overruled, the GEAC downgraded and a moratorium imposed on the crop. Resultant conflicts engaged international networks, expanded the domestic arena in which science is contested and instigated restructuring of institutions for governance of genetic engineering. Divergent trajectories of the two crops corresponded to global patterns, but also reflected differences in agro-ecologies and state interests. In Bt cotton, state and cultivator interests dominated precautionary logics; in Bt eggplant, politics of risk dominated questions of agro-economics. The cases illustrate both the inherent vulnerability of science in politics and specific vulnerabilities of science embedded in particular institutions. Differences in institutional specificity of state science matter politically in explaining variation across countries in adoption and rejection of genetically engineered crops. 相似文献
3.
工作时间配置有数量和结构两层含义,具体表现为工作绝对时长、工作相对时长以及各种工作时间占比。研究基于时间配置视角,将个人生活质量分为工作生活质量、闲暇生活质量、家庭生活质量以及生理生活质量 4 个维度,以外卖骑手为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集数据,并采用结构方程模型分析工作时间配置对零工经济从业者生活质量的影响。实证结果表明：零工经济从业者工作绝对时长变化会产生收入效应、倦怠效应和替代效应,与工作生活质量呈 M 型非线性关系,与闲暇生活质量、家庭生活质量和生理生活质量均呈倒 U 型关系;工作相对时长则会通过抑制工作恢复降低工作、闲暇以及生理生活质量;对于外卖骑手而言,对骑手工作依赖度越高,其生活质量越低。研究建议,应健全和完善制度体系,培养劳动者多维技能,让劳动者科学管理工作时间,以提升零工经济从业者的生活质量。 相似文献
4.
Henry Bernstein 《The Journal of peasant studies》2016,43(3):611-647
This paper provides a selective survey of food regimes and food regime analysis since the seminal article by Harriet Friedmann and Philip McMichael in 1989, and further traced through their subsequent (individual) work. It identifies eight key elements or dimensions of food regime analysis, namely the international state system; international divisions of labour and patterns of trade; the ‘rules’ and discursive (ideological) legitimations of different food regimes; relations between agriculture and industry, including technical and environmental change in farming; dominant forms of capital and their modalities of accumulation; social forces (other than capitals and states); the tensions and contradictions of specific food regimes; and transitions between food regimes. These are used to summarise three food regimes in the history of world capitalism to date: a first regime from 1870 to 1914, a second regime from 1945 to 1973, and a third corporate food regime from the 1980s proposed by McMichael within the period of neoliberal globalisation. Questions of theory, method and evidence are noted in the course of the exposition and pulled together in a final section which criticises the ‘peasant turn’ of the ‘corporate food regime’ and the analytical and empirical weaknesses associated with it. 相似文献