虚拟货币洗钱风险防范对策研究

虚拟货币是一种可以以数字形式交易,具有交易媒介、计价单位及价值储存功能的货币。由于虚拟货币的匿名性、跨国性、去中心化等特点,利用虚拟货币洗钱已成为洗钱的新手段。法律缺乏、系统漏洞、监管不严是我国虚拟货币市场的现状。我国应当通过适时完善法律保障,修补系统漏洞,加强市场监管,完善我国在虚拟货币洗钱方面的缺陷。     

虚拟财产贿赂的刑法规制研究

虚拟财产贿赂行为的产生给贿赂犯罪的相关研究提出了新挑战。对于虚拟财产贿赂的刑法规制,需要厘清虚拟财产贿赂的概念及其具体特征。虚拟财产贿赂有三种类型,分别是金融市场流通的虚拟货币贿赂、非金融市场流通的虚拟货币贿赂以及虚拟物品贿赂,其特征是隐蔽性强、流通性高、追赃难度大。对于虚拟财产贿赂是否入刑,要从文化传统、历史沿革、司法实践、国外经验等角度进行考量,同时要注意对虚拟财产贿赂额度的确定和对现行的司法解释进行完善。     

虚拟、虚拟经济与虚拟生产力

信息革命开辟了虚拟经济发展的新阶段。信息革命使虚拟经济获得巨大发展的同时 ,也在很大程度上改变了传统的经济运作方式。研究信息革命条件下生产力的发展机理问题就不能不研究虚拟经济与生产力存在和发展关系。因此 ,从信息革命的背景出发 ,研究虚拟经济自身运行的规律 ,探讨虚拟经济对生产力发展的影响 ,是当代经济学必须面对的一个重大研究领域。     

虚拟财产继承问题研究

由于经济的不断发展和网络的普及,现今关于虚拟财产继承方面的纠纷也随之而产生并且越来越多。但是我国对于虚拟财产能否继承法律上没有明确规定,并且对于虚拟财产的法律属性也存在很多说法。虚拟财产继承具有必要性。虚拟财产是一种财产权;具有相应的精神利益;虚拟财产的价值不断升值;不被继承会形成很多网络垃圾。     

虚拟实践及其特征

该文探讨了虚拟和虚拟实践,分析了虚拟实践的四个特征,即虚拟性、客观实在性、有机整体性和主客体界限的淡化,在一定程度上廓清了当代语境下虚拟实践的特有内涵和特征。     

重温马克思货币危机的思想

金融危机爆发后,经济学界开始寻找解释这个百年一遇经济大危机的理论妙方。在这一背景下,《资本论》开始重新受到热捧。我们知道在《资本论》第三卷中,马克思花了很大的篇幅对信用、虚拟资本和信用危机（主要是指货币危机）作了阐述。重温马克思货币危机思想,从货币这一经济的纽带出发解析本次金融危机,分析经济危机的制度成因,在今天看来仍具有很深刻的现实意义。     

论虚拟经济与世界文明

虚拟经济是一种重要的经济形态。它是工业文明发展到一定程度上的一种新的文明形态。本文阐述了虚拟经济与文明价值、文明与文化的关系,评述了信息贫困对文明程度的影响。     

虚拟财产法律性质初探

虚拟财产具有虚拟性、价值性和界限性等特征。虚拟财产是一种独立的财产,具有独立的财产权。只有在此基础之上,虚拟财产才有可能受到法律的保护。     

关于“虚拟经济”的问答

●什么是虚拟“经济”? 简单说,虚拟经济就是资本与实物经济相脱离、以价值形态独立运动的经济。首先,虚拟经济是和资本运动相联系的经济。用于获取收益的那部分财富是资本。资本的本性是要获取价值增殖。资本在运动过程中才能获取价值增殖。虚拟经济的本质特征之一是,以赢利为目的的资本是其运动的主     

使用黑客手段添加并销售虚拟货币行为的刑法评析

作为传统侵财型犯罪,盗窃罪犯罪对象的范围随着社会进步不断扩展。对于网络中的虚拟财产(虚拟货币)是否属于刑法中的"财物",仍有存疑;对于利用黑客技术添加并销售虚拟货币(游戏币)的行为如何定性,众说纷纭;对于在犯罪中仅帮助销售虚拟货币的行为主体在对上述行为构成要件要素存在认识错误时是否属于从犯,也颇有争议。从法理和事实层面分析,可介入现实法律关系中的虚拟货币属于刑法中的"财物",利用木马程序秘密添加并销售虚拟货币的行为构成盗窃罪,而事先共谋帮助销售游戏币的行为则属于盗窃罪中的从犯。     

US Fed taper to have global impact

Driven by domestic considerations, the US Federal Reserve's decision to begin scaling back its purchases of US Treasury and mortgage-backed bonds will have implications for currency and investment markets around the world. Among the emerging economies most exposed to adverse market developments are those of Brazil, India, Turkey and South Africa.     

The Political Ecology of Nostalgia

A virtual revolution in transport, telecommunications, and computational technologies is rapidly blurring the distinction between domestic and international economies....any domestic growth strategy must, almost by definition, be an export-oriented strategy....the highest growth rates and most exciting new market opportunities are in the Western Hemisphere, in Latin America, and most especially in the Pacific Rim. - Roy MacLaren, Canadian Minister for International Trade (italic added).     

The euro for China: too important to fail and too difficult to rescue

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze China's strategy in relation to the euro. The first section summarizes China's active support to the single currency since its creation up to the first phase of the current Eurozone debt crisis. It shows how China has used a two-pronged approach. It has developed a public campaign in favor of the euro, especially when the market sentiment has been bearish on the single currency, and it has continued to be an active player in the European sovereign debt markets. The second part explains why China has been so supportive. Beijing wants to move away from dollar hegemony and thus it favors a tripolar monetary system based on the US dollar, the euro and the Chinese renminbi (RMB). With this aim, and despite the crisis, China has continued to diversify its foreign reserves into the euro making it by now ‘too important to fail’, not only because China holds roughly $1 trillion in euro-denominated assets, but also because for China the Eurozone is a crucial market and an important strategic counterweight to US dominance in world affairs. Finally, the third part focuses on how by the end of 2011 China switches to a more cautious approach due to the difficulty involved in rescuing the Eurozone. Domestic pressures, public outcry in Europe against being saved by China, the unwillingness of the European leaders to enter into strategic bargaining and Germany's strategy to use sovereign bond spreads as a market mechanism to create ‘more Europe’ have convinced policy-makers in Beijing to keep a lower profile while making sure the value of the euro remains stable.     

Scopic valuations: how digital tracking technologies shape economic value

How do market actors in the contemporary economy make decisions when they are uncertain of the value of what is being traded? To answer this question, this paper analyses the changing temporal and spatial orientation of economic valuations in increasingly digitalized economies, in which markets can no longer be understood as locally bound and closed sites of valuation and exchange. Drawing on ethnographic material from the fishing industry, the paper shows how digital tracking technologies link and synchronize auction markets with real-time information on fishing activities. Hence, ‘scopic media’ such as chart plotters and computer screens are not only deployed by skippers to monitor one another, but are also used as valuation devices that recontextualize local knowledge for the purpose of coping with economic uncertainty. As a consequence of this panoptic valuation regime, fishermen control their virtual identities by disciplining harvesting practices according to their buyers’ expectations.     

图书馆建立虚拟实验室的思考

建设虚拟实验室是高等院校一种全新的教学尝试,对于提高老师和学生的学习科研水平具有重要意义。从虚拟实验室的内涵、建设虚拟实验室的意义、建设规划和技术要求等四个方面加以论述,比较系统地阐述了如何在网络信息资源十分丰富的图书馆建设虚拟实验室的构想。     

Varieties of Capitalism and the Euro Crisis

This article examines the role played by varieties of capitalism in the euro crisis, considering the origins of the crisis, its progression, and the response to it. Deficiencies in the institutional arrangements governing the single currency are linked to economic doctrines of the 1990s. The roots of the crisis are linked to institutional asymmetries between political economies. Northern European economies equipped to operate export-led growth models suitable for success within a monetary union are joined to southern economies whose demand-led growth models were difficult to operate successfully without the capacity to devalue. The response to a tripartite crisis of confidence, debt, and growth is explained in terms of the interaction of institutions, interests, and ideas, and its importance for the future of European integration is explored.     

The causal nexus of interest rate policy and gold market: The case of Turkey

The relevance of gold to the financial market and global economies is responsible for the commodity's (gold) link with financial instruments such as the oil price, currency and gold price, stock index, and other commodities price. In this case, the causal analysis between the interest rate and the gold price has been examined in a novel approach. This study uses the standard Granger causality approach to test the relationship for the economy of Turkey over the period June 1, 2000–June 1, 2017. The results revealed that while gold price depends on daily announcements, demand, and supply, the interest rate depends on some factors such as the monetary policy of the central bank, inflation rate, and different macroeconomic parameters. Thus, the causality between the two financial instruments is observed to be significant. According to the conducted statistical analysis, the interest rate and gold price have interaction between each other. Because there is insufficient evidence in the extant literature that establishes a causality relationship between the two variables, the current study is believed to enhance policy directives and contribute to the financial literature. Considering the peculiar situation of the Turkish financial market, this novel approach presents significant policy directions.     

Beyond the Social Market: Rethinking Capitalism and Public Policy

Despite its worthy motives, social market philosophy provides neither a useful analytical framework for understanding modern capitalism, nor the policy tools to address our present economic and social predicament. The concept of ‘market failure’, with its underlying assumption of market equilibrium, does not capture the systemically adverse outcomes of collective market forces. A more sophisticated understanding of capitalist economies, and the societies in which they exist, would recognise that the market economy is a dynamic but not self‐regulating system. It is embedded in, and impacts on, four other economies – of the natural environment, of family and care, of voluntary association, and of the public sector – which operate under different motivations and allocative principles. The role of government is central, to balance the values created by different kinds of institutions and to constrain the dynamic impacts of market forces. A number of policy conclusions are offered arising from this framework.     

Grammar Schools,a Policy of Social Mobility and Selection—Why?

Initially, four plausible reasons for introducing selection in secondary education are examined, three of which are irrelevant to contemporary debates about expanding grammar‐school education. These are: first, to ration education in less advanced economies; second, to increase the supply of skilled labour within an expanded national elite; third, as part of a ‘segmented’ system of education. A fourth—increasing upward social mobility—is open to two objections: first, the May government's proposals are so limited as to have little likely impact on mobility and, second, upward mobility in the twentieth century was possible only because of structural change in the British labour market, and that will probably not continue in this century. Finally, it is argued that attempts to select the ‘best’ in any activity or skill are necessarily highly imperfect, and are far less accurate than testing who does and does not meet some minimum level of competence.     

The semiotics of religious space in Second Life®

Scholarly research on the religious dimension of Second Life® can be conducted with reference to several elements: ties between the religious dimension of Second Life and that of the “First Life” (an approach privileged by the sociology and the psychology of religion); the transcendent value inherent in the creation of an alternative reality (an approach favored by the philosophy of religion); the enunciation of a “virtual” religious dimension through the digital artifacts of Second Life (an approach promoted by aesthetics, phenomenology, and semiotics); and so forth. Adopting the point of view of cultural semiotics, the paper summarizes the results of a “virtual” ethno-semiotic participant observation conducted over six months in portions of the digital “metaverse” of Second Life where a religious dimension is predominant. The consequent analysis of digital places of worship singles out five main characteristics of their aesthetics, phenomenology, and semiotics: isolation, prototypicality, didacticism, anarchy, and parasitism.