俄罗斯的军事战略和军事力量

一、国防体制 根据《俄罗斯联邦宪法》和《国防法》规定,俄罗斯总统为联邦武装力量最高统帅,对联邦武装力量、其他部队、军事单位和机关实施全面领导,确保俄联邦军事安全。俄罗斯军事与安全的最高决策机构是联邦安全会议,是为总统起草安全保障方面决定的宪法机关,负责审议俄罗斯联邦安全保障方面的内外政策问题,解决经济、国防、信息、生态安全、预测     

伊拉克军事实力及军事部署

最近,伊拉克问题日渐聚焦,一方面美国磨刀霍霍,小布什极力主张对伊动武;另一方面伊拉克则不甘示弱,积极备战,准备反击。那么,萨达姆究竟有何实力敢与美抗衡呢?现将伊拉克陆、海、空三军实力及主要部署情况介绍如下:     

War,transparency and control: the military architecture of operational warfare

In contemporary research, transparency is commonly understood to indicate and guarantee openness, in ways that make it synonymous with positive characteristics of governing. However, the allegedly benevolent link between transparency and governing has also been questioned, giving rise to arguments that transparency enables violent social control. Drawing upon this latter view, the article stages an encounter between critical debates on transparency and critical accounts of war to examine the way that they come together in the operationalization of warfare. Engaging particularly with Jean Baudrillard’s writing on transparency, the article inquires into the way control is socially manufactured and administered through military doctrines. It concludes that the operationalization of warfare is not, as many tend to argue, first and foremost about a response to practical problems when conducting wars. Rather, it consists of the potential to unveil global space and global time as an attempt to maintain and control future political becoming.     

Affecting trust: Terrorism,internet and offensive information warfare

The national security consequences of the potential use of the Internet by terrorist organizations have attracted the interest of many academics and government and intelligence officials. The goal of this article is to provide a new explanatory angle concerning the possible targets of terrorists’ offensive information warfare (OIW) operations. It argues that these organizations may prove more valuable and effective to undermine on‐line activities of leading electronic commerce sites than to target elements of the critical national information infrastructure. These offensive actions, in fact, would directly impact one of the explanatory elements for the Internet's success: users’ perception of its trustworthiness. Before tackling its arguments, the article provides a definition of offensive information warfare. Then, it investigates how terrorist organizations would formulate their operational style concerning offensive information warfare. The stage is then set to define the central argument of the article by drawing from studies carried out in the areas of information security, international management and electronic commerce. The article concludes with a set of policy recommendations to counter these potential threats and thus make the Internet a safer communication instrument for economic, commercial and social development.     

Show them the flag: status ambitions and recognition in small state coalition warfare

ABSTRACT

Why do small states actively contribute to US- and NATO-led military operations? The small state literature has recently developed a novel explanation, referring to their dependency upon the alliance hegemon. The logic is that the small states aim to improve their status and reputation in order to remain relevant and to receive protection. This article contributes to this literature by moving away from this fear of abandonment motivation towards more positive status incitements. It shows how such status motives actually guide and shape small states’ military contributions in US- or NATO-led operations. It does so by using recent innovations in process-tracing methodology to create a status-seeking mechanism. Using the case of Belgium’s participation in the military coalition against ISIL, this article goes beyond the usual Scandinavian suspects in the small state literature and demonstrates that status motivations have relevance for a wider group of small states.     

朝鲜的军事战略和军事力量

一、性质职能和军事战略(一)朝鲜军队的性质和职能。朝鲜劳动党党章规定:“朝鲜劳动党目前的任务是在共和国北半部实现社会主义的完全胜利和在全国范围内完成民族解放和人民民主主义革命事业,最终目标是全社会的主体思想化和建设共产主义社会。”与此相一致,朝鲜军队即“朝鲜人     

从俄新版《军事学说》看其军事理论的新变化

军事学说作为俄罗斯军事思想的集中体现,代表着俄最高当局最新的军事政策的动向。俄新版《军事学说》的出台,标志着俄军事理论发生了新的重大变化。从发展看,在短期内俄军事理论总体框架难有大的变化。     

俄罗斯军事改革:经验与启示

军事改革是俄罗斯军事史上的经常性现象。作为国家和社会改革的重要组成部分,俄罗斯军事改革既受到国家和社会改革的约束,也对社会发展和制度演进起着有力的促进作用,更是推动俄罗斯军事发展的强大动力。俄罗斯军事改革的实质是解决结构性和机制性的矛盾,其目的是排除影响战斗力提高的体制与制度障碍,为提高战斗力的生长效率打下“组织”基础。战斗力的提高主要要靠资源投入,军事改革与战斗力的增长之间不是线性关系,因此用战斗力标准去评价俄罗斯军事改革是不科学的。在俄罗斯军事改革的动力系统中,广大军人,尤其是中下层军官,既是改革的主体,也承担改革的成本,为保持军事改革动力系统的完整性,有必要用加大补偿力度的方法减少他们的利益损失。改革需要指导艺术,俄罗斯在如何抓住改革时机、选择改革切入点、制定改革规划和处理改革成本方面,既有经验,也有教训。     

拓展国际军事研究领域揭示世界军事发展规律--《国际军事学概论》评介

随着新军事变革的蓬勃发展,世界军事领域正发生着深刻变化,各国军事理论界相继推出了有关国际和国家安全的一系列创新的军事理论成果,世界军事理论研究正酝酿着重大的理论突破.军事科学院研究员、博导李效东主编、军事科学出版社新近推出的<国际军事学概论>一书,正是适应时代及国际安全环境发展需要,建构国际军事研究新学科的有益尝试.该书力求置身世界军事的大视野,以信息化、前瞻性和综合性的思维观念,从更广阔的内容拓展国际军事研究的空间,进而揭示世界军事变化发展的一般规律,反映国际军事学学科的基本特征及其历史与现实的全貌.该书主要有这样几个特点:     

The globalization of intelligence since 9/11: frameworks and operational parameters

In the early 21^st century we are witnessing the increasing globalization of intelligence. The phenomenon of international intelligence liaison is central to this process, an area where intelligence and international relations connect. This article highlights the key themes that are currently developing within international intelligence liaison relationships. It asserts that we can identify a trend towards ‘homogenization’ of intelligence and other law enforcement and security initiatives. It even suggests we may speak of something close to ‘international standardization’ among a widening group of partners. These processes are underway to establish viable frameworks and operational parameters for the intelligence liaison arrangements, together with addressing counterintelligence and other security considerations. These convergent ‘regimes’ contribute to the important processes of trust and confidence building, as well as their subsequent maintenance over time. In short, a ‘best practice’ approach is becoming ‘normalized’ operationally, facilitating the optimization of intelligence liaison arrangements.     

Uncertainties at the European Union's southern borders: actors,policies, and legal frameworks

A multiplicity of legal and political arrangements regulate the European Union's external borders. With borders representing the intersection between national and international law and politics, the EU also acquired some legal competences in this realm. The resulting triple set of rules coincides with the growing disaggregation of the classical functions of borders. This state of affairs generates legal and procedural uncertainties and results in a growing ambiguity and lack of transparency, in terms of competences and accountability. Due to the EU's concerns with transnational terrorism, and the growing securitization of migration, the EU's borders with the states of the Middle East and North Africa are particularly relevant in this regard, with the resulting uncertainties touching upon fundamental rights. This article discusses the conceptual starting point of the growing institutional, legal, and political complexity at the EU's southern borders, together with relevant aspects and developments, thus also providing the background to the different contributions in this special issue.     

厄瓜多尔军人干政的根源和趋势

冷战结束后,拉美国家军人干政现象频繁,其中厄瓜多尔尤为突出。1997--2007年十年间,厄瓜多尔先后更换了七位总统,在三位通过选举上台的总统中,一位被军人政变赶下台,一位是前政变军人当选总统后又遭议会罢免,一位失去军队的支持被议会以“不能胜任”为由罢免,而其他四位总统中有三位是在时任总统下台后以副总统身份在军队的支持下代理总统任期的,     

美国在全球的主要军事基地及军事设施

二战后,美国的军事存在几乎遍及全球,它在世界各地建立的军事基地曾达5000多个(其中近半数在海外)。冷战结束后,由于国际形势的变化、美国军事战略的调整以及驻在国人民的反对,美军事基地的数量大大减少。目前美海外军事基地374个,分布在140多个国家和地区,驻军30万人;本土基地871个,其中海军基地242个,空军基地384个。     

印度军事太空计划缘起与前景

2008年6月10日印度宣布建立综合太空部（ISC）,此举是继2007年2月宣布将成立太空司令部以来,印度太空军事化步伐向前迈出的又一大步。印度军事太空计划内容丰富,构想宏大,既有基础研发,也有机构组建,还有军事转型,并已形成一定的发展模式。但总体看,印度的太空计划还受到技术、资金、官僚作风等因素制约,前景并非一片坦途。