欧洲社会党倡导"新社会欧洲"理念

2006年12月7-8日,欧洲社会党在葡萄牙波尔图召开第七次代表大会,会议热烈讨论并正式通过了由该党主席拉斯姆森及欧盟委员会前主席德洛尔共同起草的《新社会欧洲》报告,确立了建设"新社会欧洲"的十大原则,使经过两年酝酿和广泛讨论的"新社会欧洲"理念得到最终确认.     

持续深化的欧洲政党危机

在传统的欧洲政治中,政党是连接国家与社会的桥梁,是欧洲代议制民主中长期占据统治地位的核心政治力量.以议题竞争和选民动员为基础的政党政治,是欧洲民主政治最基本的标志.然而近30年来,欧洲传统民主国家的政党政治却陷入了危机.这种危机,不是暂时性或周期性的,而是一种持续不断的衰落.自20世纪八九十年代以来,有关政党危机的探讨就开始引起了欧洲学界的注意,各种经验性的研究都从不同角度反映了欧洲政党政治的生命力已陷入危机的事实,而从最新的研究成果看,欧洲政党的危机仍在持续深化.     

社会抗议活动考验委内瑞拉政府执政能力

<正>2014年2月以来,委内瑞拉爆发了近年最大规模的社会抗议活动,在一定程度上反映了民众对当前社会经济状况的不满。抗议活动及其引发的社会动荡使马杜罗政府面临执政以来最严峻的挑战,增加了其施政难度。面对日益严重的社会冲突,马杜罗政府积极寻求应对之策,力图稳固执政地位。新一轮抗议活动的主要特点早在查韦斯执政以来,委内瑞拉国内各种形式的反政府抗议活动从未中断过。与此前的抗议活动相比,本     

议会选举政治视角下的欧洲绿党

由于欧洲绿党不同于传统政党但又要适应并融入竞争性政党制度的战略困境,加之其推进自身"欧洲化"与推进欧洲政策"绿色化"的互动过程,对绿党的分析就不能仅仅从阶级代表性这一传统视角出发,而应立足于选举政治进行综合考察。首先是从欧洲绿党的价值原则、议题设置及其对欧洲一体化的态度来看绿党的意识形态主张;其次是从绿党选民的基本社会结构、态度倾向来看绿党的社会基础或者说绿党所代表和联系的主要社会群体;再次是从绿党参与欧洲议会选举及其议会内党团活动、议会外活动来看绿党的实际社会影响,尤其是在推动欧洲"绿色化"方面所发挥的作用;最后是基于这三个维度的综合考察,对绿党的政治光谱、现实方位及其未来发展等作出科学判断。     

欧洲层次的政党

1993年生效的<马斯特里赫特条约>138条a款正式提出"欧洲层次的政党"这一新概念.但这一概念所指代的事物在欧洲一体化启动之初就已经出现了,并且随着欧洲一体化的发展其组织体系得到了不断发展和完善.目前欧洲层次的政党就组织机构而言主要包括三部分,即欧洲议会党团、欧洲跨国政党联盟和欧盟区域委员会中的议会党团.本文以诞生的时间先后为序对它们作一简单介绍,并对这一政党体系作些粗浅的分析.     

欧洲绿党政治的新走向

2004年2月"欧洲绿党"(EGP)在"欧洲绿党联盟"(EFGP)的基础上成立了.欧洲绿党的成立改变了欧洲的政治版图,使原来分散的32个绿党能够以共同的宣言和行动表达他们共同的声音,进一步扩大绿党在欧洲的影响.绿党政治是20世纪60年代末70年代初最先在少数西方工业化国家产生并迅速扩展开来的社会政治现象,它之所以成为典型的20世纪西方"后30年现象",在于它与其他新社会运动相比,无论是运动规模、参与人数,还是社会政治影响,绿色运动都是首屈一指的.     

冷战后社会民主主义的欧洲政策评析

冷战后欧洲的社会民主主义主动进行了理论上和组织上的调整,社会党所代表的左翼力量又重新站稳了脚跟并继续发展.当前社会民主主义在欧洲主要关心的事项和政策主张包括:推进以欧洲制宪为核心的机制改革;通过欧盟扩大建立包括东欧国家在内的大欧盟;维护和改革欧洲社会和经济模式等.社会民主主义的欧洲政策的目标是,通过加强欧盟建设,提高欧盟机构在欧洲的地位以扭转市场化的倾向,建立"新的社会化欧洲";提高欧盟在国际的地位以抗衡新自由主义,促进全球社会民主治理.然而,由于近年欧盟宪法批准进程中的失败,社会党在欧盟和欧盟各成员国政治地位的下降以及"第三条道路"遇到的困境,社会民主主义欧洲政策的实现也面临着诸多的挑战.     

欧洲社会中的穆斯林问题:历史、冲突与影响

近年来,欧洲爆发多起由伊斯兰极端分子实施的恐怖袭击事件,暴露出其内部宗教和价值观冲突日趋激烈.历史上,穆斯林曾先后三次掀起向欧洲迁徙的浪潮,一直以来伊斯兰文明与西方文明在军事、政治、宗教、社会等层面深度互动,两者之间的碰撞与融合在欧洲史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔.作为欧洲规模最大的少数族裔,穆斯林移民为当地经济建设发展和文化多元繁荣作出了贡献,但也面临与主流社会交融不畅、情感疏离、认同错位等问题.穆斯林移民与欧洲主流社会之间的隔阂乃至矛盾也对当前欧洲民意思潮、政策走向、内外关系等产生了重要影响.     

欧洲政治右倾化与欧洲政党政治的变化趋势

最近,欧洲的政治格局发生了急剧变化,出现了一种人们所称的"右倾化"形势,即左翼政党执政政府纷纷垮台,右翼政党重新取得了在欧洲政治的主导地位.如何解释这种现象?它是否意味欧洲甚至整个西方新的政治思想轮回的开始?笔者认为,目前欧洲政党政治的变化是欧洲社会结构和政党政治的基础变化的一种结果,但它并不像"右倾化"一词所表示的那样简单划一.客观地说,它预示着欧洲政治进入了一个新的多党竞争格局状态,但其中主流政治及主流政党,尤其是左翼政党的地位受到了严峻挑战.     

欧盟东扩:欲圆大欧洲之梦

自罗马帝国瓦解以来,政治分裂给欧洲带来无数战乱和不幸,所以建立和平、统一的"大欧洲"一直是千百年来萦绕在欧洲人心中的梦想.西欧在战后走上联合之路,最初主要是出于和平目的.但冷战的铁幕把欧洲人为地一分为二,欧洲不仅统一没有任何可能,和平也时刻面临严重威胁.20世纪80年代末90年代初,苏东剧变、两德统一,欧洲统一的最大障碍--社会制度和意识形态等人为因素消除了,东欧出现权力真空.欧盟抓住这一千载难逢的历史契机,推出东扩战略,以期最终圆其"大欧洲之梦",推进欧洲最终统一,实现欧洲的持久和平、稳定与繁荣.     

Trends in Governance in Further Education

Abstract

The governance of further education colleges has two main phases since the passing of the Education Act 1944 – the period when further education colleges were under local authority control and the period from ‘vesting day’ on 1 April 1993 when colleges became incorporated and further education corporations were formed as charities. This review is primarily concerned with the landscape of college governance since 1 April 1993 and draws upon some of the very limited number of research studies into the practice of further education governance. The experience and contribution of the key governance players – chair of the corporation, governors, the principal, the senior staff, the clerk to the corporation – are discussed. Throughout the period since 1993, college governance has operated within a policy framework provided by government and, to a greater or lesser extent, the implementation of those policies by agencies of government. In simple terms, the pattern may seem to be creativity (in the early years), compliance (following some high profile college governance collapses), micro-management (through the Learning and Skills Council years) and now the most open, imaginative phase as the current government encourages the strong colleges to play a bigger part in local education provision. Perhaps now is the time when the experience of college governance to date is able to draw upon its considerable strengths and show what the accumulation of governance capital can achieve.     

Trust in public institutions in Russia: The lowest in the world

The article's topic is the attitudes of the Russians toward their social institutions. As it will be shown, Russia is a country, much more than any other, that mistrusts its social institutions, political institutions in particular. There is no one institution that can garner more than 40 to 50 percent of the nation's trust. Indeed, in terms of their lack of confidence in social institutions, the Russians are behind not only the most advanced countries in the world, but even countries known for their unstable political systems, such as Colombia or Nigeria.     

春秋两个劳动节

每年5月1日的国际劳动节,是世界上大多数国家劳动人民共同的节日,而美国和加拿大的劳动节,则是在每年9月的第一个星期一.这一春一秋两个劳动节,都是起源于19世纪末的美国.     

Normalizing Masculinities in Water Bureaucracy in Thailand

This article addresses the question of whether the culture of masculinity, which is dominant in the water bureaucracy of Thailand, has been changing since the country officially adopted the international paradigm shift towards an integrated approach that emphasizes, among other things, gender equality and women's participation in water resources management. Despite official rhetoric, masculinities have held sway in organizational structure and behavior. Women in both traditional and new water agencies, and those under their mandates, continue to be disadvantaged and excluded. More potent change measures, such as strong gender-sensitive capacity building, are needed. To succeed, such measures may also require broader reforms in state bureaucracy.     

Suicide in Bahrain in the last decade

A combination of social, legal, and religious factors make reporting of suicide difficult in Bahrain, an Islamic country. Limited available data indicates a very low incidence rate of 3 per 100,000. The objective of the present study was to describe the pattern of suicide in Bahrain during a 10-year period. The registered suicide cases (N = 304) at the Ministry of Interior for the 10-year period from 1995 to 2004 were reviewed and analyzed. The mean suicide rate was 0.6 per 100,000 for the Bahraini nationals and 12.6 per 100,000 for the non-Bahrainis with and 17.7 per 100,000 for the Indian migrants. Men were six times more likely than women to commit suicide. The majority of the subjects were under 35 years of age with financial domestic problems being the most common reason reported in the record and hanging the mostly commonly used mode of suicide (92.8%). The suicide rate for the Bahraini population remains low compared to other countries. The higher rate of suicide among Indians merits further investigation. Moreover, more research is needed on the epidemiology of suicide risk factors in ethnic groups for further prevention and intervention.     

Impacts of Bribery in Healthcare in Vietnam

This study explores how bribery in the health sector is associated with people’s well-being and with universal health coverage. By using the data of Vietnam from 2011 and 2012, this study reveals a negative correlation between the prevalence of bribery and health outcomes and the health insurance coverage. Additionally, the results indicate that bribers feel neither cured of injury/disease nor satisfied with healthcare service quality. Furthermore, there is a significantly negative correlation between the belief of the necessity to give a bribe and the health insurance enrolment decision.