近世日本对明代兵书与善书的理解接受问题刍议

明末清初,明代思想文化典籍陆续传入日本,逐步对近世日本思想文化产生影响,本文概述明代兵书与善书对近世日本的影响。兵学思想方面,戚继光的《纪效新书》、《练兵实记》等一批明代兵书于这一时期传入日本并流入民间,成为这一时期日本知识分子的一个重要思想来源。一些民间知识分子开始解读、研究戚法中"节制"等重要概念与选兵、练兵的做法,并在此基础上开始了兵制改革的思考。明代善书在近世日本社会传播过程中,其中的佛教、道教思想与日本神道思想发生了冲突,民间知识分子在介绍传播善书时,运用日本的传统信仰与习俗重新解释善书,善书由此逐步为日本民众接受。研究明代思想文化在近世日本社会传播普及的历史,可以重新认识近世日本在理解与接受明代思想文化过程中进行选择、重新解读与吸收融合的史实。     

神道教与古代日本政治

日本神道教的形成发展是古代日本统治者在古代东亚历史环境中出于国家主义目的将自然崇拜和神灵信仰人为地改造成政治神话、理论宗教和民族哲学思想的过程。神道教具有服务政治甚至其本身就是政治思想的特性，构成了古代日本政治的思想基础。神道教是支撑古代日本内政外交的精神支柱，对古代日本政治产生了极大的影响。神道教对近代日本的政治影响是对古代日本政治影响的延续。古代日本是基于神道教理解、摄取中国思想文化的。古代日本思想史的发展是在吸收中国思想的同时受其刺激回归神道教、在民族化中前行的过程。     

沟口雄三对中日思想概念的比较

中国的思想、文化由朝鲜半岛辗转流传入日本,经由日本民族吸收改造,呈现出崭新的形态。在中日思想比较研究的领域中,日本学者沟口雄三以概念比较为切入点,结合两国文化、社会发展的客观史实,通过文献、语源、社会调查等多元化方法,对中日哲学思想中的"天""公私""理"等概念作出了比较。通过比较,探讨了中日思想概念在文化语境中的不同诠释方式,并以此为基础,试图重新建立起对中国和日本的文化认知,同时,也提供了跨学科、跨领域文化比较研究的新思路。     

正冈子规汉诗中《庄子》的引用及解读

《庄子》是道家经典之一,其哲学思想和超然适己的生活态度深深地吸引了历代文人学士,也深刻地影响并渗透进中国文人的骨髓。受中国传统文化影响很深的日本文人的文学创作中也不可避免的受到中国古代思想的影响。正冈子规自幼喜欢汉诗写作,子规汉诗中的"大鹏"、"蝶梦"、"无为"、"无何有乡"等诗句是从《庄子》中的直接引用,在思想和意境上有同《庄子》所表达思想的相像,又有些许不同。     

反思与批判:日本神道教伦理思想审视

神道是在日本固有的民族信仰基础上发展起来的精神行为,是日本固有的民族宗教,神道生活中求诸神意并使之成为自己生活规范的虔敬态度,即日本人所谓的"真心",是神道具有了伦理特性;神道伦理反映了日本民族意识的重要侧面,是日本伦理思想的核心和基础,代表了日本人基本的价值取向和精神追求。神道伦理的基本理念以及在此基础上融合儒佛等外来思想文化形成的神道伦理规范,成为日本传统的伦理规范,构成日本民族文化价值的中核,对日本的历史、政治、经济、文化、国民生活产生了重要影响。     

法国礼仪点滴

法国礼仪是西方礼仪的重要代表,十七和十八世纪被誉为"欧洲高雅礼仪的中心".法国礼仪在历史上经历过波澜起伏.骑士文化,文艺复兴,沙龙文化,法国大革命等,无一不与礼仪的变革有关.今天,传统的礼仪形式受到了极大的冲击,但它仍然以新的精神和形式展现出来.     

茶道的特质及其在日本文化中的角色

中国学术界关于日本茶道文化的研究似乎缺乏两个视角,即日本历史的视角和日本文化整体结构的视角。将茶道放到日本历史背景中考察,会发现其形成于日本室町时代中后期到安土桃山时代,是乱世的产物,有着明显的隐逸倾向。茶道具有非日常性、社交性、礼仪性和精神性等特质,在日本文化的整体结构中居于支流位置,很难将其称作日本文化的代表,"空寂""闲寂"的审美意识,也不可能是日本人的主流审美价值观。尽管如此,茶道作为日本文化中的特殊角色,仍发挥着独特的社会功能。从新的视角对茶道文化的考察,或许对今后的日本文化研究具有某种启示意义。     

试论中日宗教文化的异同

日本深受中国文化的影响，中国人和日本人在许多观念上有很大的一致性，但是日本毕竟有自己的自然环境和历史文化，所以中国人和日本人的观念和文化也有很大的区别，在宗教文化和观念方面也是如此。探讨中、日宗教观念和文化的异同，同时探讨这些因素在文化中所起的作用，对于我们进一步认识日本有很大作用，对进一步分析我们的传统文化的因素在我国社会现代化中所起的作用也有积极意义。中、日同属于东方儒家文化圈，较之于人类的其他类型的文化，诸如：犹太教──基督教文化圈、伊斯兰教文化圈等等，表现出多方面的相似性，在宗教观念和宗…     

论日本近代民族主义的思想起源——读会泽安《新论》

近代民族主义的形成有其历史的原因.在吸收相关理论的基础上,从亚洲的历史事实出发去研究亚洲近代民族主义的起源与形成,是一个重要的课题.会泽安在《新论》中对世界形势的分析主要来自他对西洋列强的军事威胁的认识.对海防问题的思考与以"祭政一致"为主要特点的"国体"论构成了《新论》的核心内容.《新论》作为一份思想文本,对明治维新以及近代日本国家的走向产生了影响,为日本近代民族主义的形成提供了理论基础.重读《新论》有助于我们历史地考察日本近代民族主义的思想起源.     

豪斯霍费尔对日本传统地缘政治学的影响

由于豪斯霍费尔将日本作为其地缘政治学研究的范例,并且在其地缘政治理论体系中,日本被视为东亚"泛区"的领导,因而,其地缘政治理论在日本引起强烈反响。日本继承了豪斯霍费尔地缘政治理论中"生存空间"、"自给自足"及"泛区"论等核心思想,同时融入日本传统宗教哲学及文化思想,从而建立起一整套以日本为中心的地缘政治理论体系,并形成了"大东亚共荣圈"的构想。日本传统地缘政治学最终成为日本法西斯对外侵略扩张的理论工具。     

Locating Kaliningrad And KÖNigsberg In Russian And German Collective Identity Discourses And Political Symbolism In The 750Th Anniversary Celebrations Of 2005

This article begins by briefly exploring issues of conflict and control in relation to the 750th anniversary of the city of Kaliningrad/Königsberg. An analysis of the tensions between Russian regional (Kaliningrad) and national (federal) identity discourses on the political symbolism of the 750th anniversary commemoration is offered, using Russian media reports and interviews conducted in Kaliningrad. German narratives on the political symbolism of the anniversary events and their implications for German national identity discourses are investigated via interviews conducted in Kaliningrad and Germany, German media reports, books, films and a theater production about Königsberg. Particular attention is given to the impact of the German expellee organizations on framing the discourse about Königsberg in contemporary Germany. The article will conclude by comparing and contrasting the various discourses and interpretations of the anniversary in the Kaliningrad region, Russia and Germany.     

'Adorned with the Mix of Faith and Profanity that Intoxicates the People': The Festival of the Senhor do Bonfim in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 1930–19541

This essay looks at a formative period in the history of the festival of the Senhor do Bonfim, one of Salvador's most important religious festivals. The essay focuses on the public ritual washing of the Church of Bonfim and the tensions between the Catholic Church, who periodically banned the washing from the larger festival, and a variety of historical actors including politicians, journalists, authors and working-class Salvadorans whose efforts eventually contributed to the lifting of the prohibition once and for all in 1953. The author suggests that the defence of the washing both reflected and contributed to a larger hegemonic process taking place in Salvador after 1930, as actors within Salvador's dominant class accepted and even praised Afro-Bahian cultural practices, including them as integral parts of a larger Bahian identity.     

The FBI's Role in Expelling Germans from Ecuador During the 1940s

The expulsion from Latin America of immigrants from axis countries and their descendants is an important but little‐studied episode of the Second World War. The role of the US, and in particular that of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in their removal has largely disappeared from historical memory. This article examines how the FBI advanced US commercial interests, and in the process harmed vulnerable people who were subject to these expulsions.     

INDIA’S DEMONETISATION: MODI’S ‘NUDGE’ TO CHANGE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

This article offers an account of the impact of Indian PM Narendra Modi’s decision in November 2016 to withdraw suddenly all Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes from circulation in India with the avowed intent of combatting fraud, tax avoidance and other economic problems. The article assesses the impact from the demonetisation in November to the March 2017 Indian regional elections, where wide-scale victories for Modi’s political party, the BJP, appear to have vindicated his reforms. The article provides an analysis of the political background of the period, as well as looking at the economic and societal impact of the changes, including the way in which the behaviour of Indian citizens has been ‘nudged’ with particular regard to use of banking, transactions, social effects, and payment of tax.     

The Health of the Rurality: The Encuesta de Folklore and Popular Healing Practices in Tucumán, 1921

This article examines healing practices among the rural inhabitants of Tucumán in the opening quarter of the twentieth century through a reading of the 1921 National Folklore Survey. It argues that popular medical practices, referred to as curanderismos (popular healing), continued into the twentieth century not only as cultural practice of the popular classes but as necessity due to limited investments in public health in the rural regions on the part of the national and provincial government.     

DROUGHT: THE ACHILLES HEEL OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

Approximately 97% of the country is experiencing drought conditions. Due to gross water mismanagement and its damaging impact on the country, Iran faces the worst situation in water resources of any industrialized nation. Tens of thousands of villages have been deserted and most of the major urban centers have passed their limits to absorb new rural migrants. Some officials predict that in less than 25 years, 50 million Iranians would be displaced from their current homes because of the pressing ecological conditions. This is happening at the time that the gap between the grassroots and the state has widened and there is increasing dissatisfaction with governance plagued by corruption, nepotism, economic mismanagement, unaccountability and a foreign policy which has produced various regional and trans-regional adversaries. This paper evaluates the pressing ecological challenges in Iran and by conceptualizing political resilience it critically evaluates whether the Islamic Republic is prepared to face the devastating ecological crisis and its socio-economic consequences.