进一步强化司法行政基层工作为构建社会主义和谐社会作出新贡献

司法行政基层工作是司法行政延伸到基层的所有职能和工作的统称，是整个司法行政工作的基础，担负着为广大基层群众提供法律服务、法制宣传和法律保障的重要职能，具体承担人民调解、社区矫正、安置帮教、司法所建设、法律援助、法制宣传、法律服务等各项业务工作，是化解和调处矛盾纠纷、维护社会稳定的前沿阵地，也是防止矛盾激化的“第一道防线”。     

关于在新的起点上提高司法所建设和工作水平的思考

在我国司法行政体系中,司法所是最基层的组织机构担负着具体组织实施基层司法行政各项业务工作,直接面向广大群众提供法律服务和法律保障的重要职能,是各级司法行政机关服务大局、服务群众、服务社会的重要渠道和前沿阵地。司法所在多年的实践中,奉献进取,扎实工作,显示出了独特的优势和重要作用。伴随着今年1月国务院常务会议通过的《中西部地区公安派出所、乡镇司法所、人民法庭建设规划》的实施,伴随党中央、国务院关于推进社会主义新农村建设重大决策的实施,司法所工作面临新的起点、新的机遇、新的要求,如何适应新形势,努力提高司法所…     

关于基层法律服务定位的思考

基层法律服务的定位问题．不仅直接关系到基层法律服务行业的发展．而且涉及到我国法律服务体系的完善．涉及到司法行政的职能．涉及到低收入阶层合法权益的维护．涉及到社会主义新农村建设的法律服务与保障。笔者从事法律服务管理工作二十余年．自觉匹夫有责．谈点粗浅认识．以与同仁商榷。     

立足新起点 抓住新机遇 推进司法所建设工作

在我国司法行政体系中,司法所是最基层的组织机构,担负着具体组织实施基层司法行政各项业务工作,直接面向广大群众提供法律服务和法律保障的重要职能,是各级司法行政机关服务大局、服务群众、服务社会的重要渠道和前沿阵地。司法所在多年的实践中,奉献进取,扎实工作,显示出了独特的优势和重要作用。伴随着今年1月国务院常务会议通过的《中西部地区公安派出所、乡镇司法所、人民法庭建设规划》的实施,伴随着党中央、国务院关于推进社会主义新农村建设重大决策的实施,司法所工作面临新的起点、新的机遇、新的要求,如何适应新形势,推进司法所建设工作值得认真研究和思考。     

改革开放30年来的司法行政基层工作

司法行政基层工作是司法行政延伸到基层的所有职能和工作的统称，是整个司法行政工作的基础，担负着为广大基层群众提供法律服务、法制宣传和法律保障的重要职能。     

为基层服务

基层司法行政工作是司法行政事业的根基和命脉所在,在中央提出建设社会主义新农村的时代背景下,如何更好地为基层服务,进一步开创基层司法行政工作的新局面,这是新时期司法行政工作必须认真思考的时代命题,也是《中国司法》杂志关注的重要主题。司法部党组一贯高度重视基层司法     

加快司法行政工作改革发展步伐

一、2005年司法行政工作的主要任务2005年司法行政工作的指导思想是:以邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想为指导,深入贯彻党的十六大、十六届三中、四中全会精神,充分发挥法律保障、法律服务、法律宣传的职能作用,为维护社会和谐稳定服务,为维护社会主义市场经济的法律秩序服务,为建设社会主义法治国家服务,加强基层基础工作,加强队伍建设,推进司法行政工作的改革和发展,为全面建设小康社会创造和谐稳定的社会环境和公正高效的法制环境。根据这一总体要求,明年重点要抓好七个方面的工作。     

关于深化法律服务行业行风建设的实践与对策思考

律师、基层法律服务机构和部分公证机构脱钩改制以来，法律服务业特别是律师业的行风建设成为司法行政工作的难点问题。近几年来，通过加强投诉查处、开展律师行业党建、社会主义法治理念教育、专项整顿、主题实践活动等措施推进行风建设，虽收到一定效果，但离人民群众和党委、政府的期望仍有较大距离。2008年起，浙江省司法行政系统在深人学习实践科学发展观活动中，     

浅谈基层司法行政单位管理的“软”与“硬”

司法行政机关肩负着法律保障、法律服务、法律教育等各项职能，对维护社会稳定、促进经济建设和推进依法治国进程起着极其重要的作用。基层司法行政单位任务重、责任大，且人员编制少，点多面广，高度分散，干警单独执行任务多，接触社会多。如何充分发挥司法行政的各项职能，抓好基层司法行政单位的管理，笔者认为：必须“软”、“硬”兼施，刚柔相剂。     

加强与改进新时期人民调解工作的思考

人民调解是具有中国特色的社会主义民主法律制度,在维护社会稳定、构建和谐社会、开展平安建设活动中发挥着重要的作用。指导人民调解工作的开展是司法行政机关的法定职责。如何把管理和指导人民调解工作,作为基层司法行政一项基础性工作切实抓紧抓好,事关基层司法所工作全面活跃开展,在维护稳定、服务群众中发挥更大作用的重大命题。     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

论述二十世纪九十年代美国的犯罪问题

在20世纪90年代,犯罪已成为美国社会所面临的一个严峻的问题。集团、枪支、烈性酒、毒品是引发犯罪的重要因素。各类犯罪影响了美国社会的正常秩序,给受害者带来了物质和精神上的痛苦。研究20世纪90年代美国的犯罪问题可以为我国今天打击、预防犯罪提供一些借鉴。     

癫痫的神经病理学研究进展

癫是一种常见的脑疾病,可引起猝死,以往人们侧重于对癫脑电活动的研究,而近年来癫的神经病理学研究已成为临床和法医工作者的一个研究热点。本文依据一系列文献资料分别从癫的发育障碍、瘤性异常增殖、海马硬化、双重病理改变、苔藓纤维发芽等神经病理学变化方面进行综述,进而探讨其法医学意义,希望对癫猝死的法医病理学诊断提供一定的帮助。