从FDI流动看马来西亚经济发展的隐忧

2009年外商对马来西亚的直接投资大幅下滑,马来西亚从东南亚地区的引资"优等生"转变为"差等生",说明马来西亚经济吸引力显著下降的事实,这无疑将对当前马来西亚经济改革的进程和目标产生十分重大的不利影响.基础条件不佳、经济上的长期结构性问题以及改革政策反复是影响马来西亚吸引外资能力的最主要因素.     

马来西亚的马来人经济政策

马来西亚推行的马来人经济政策,包括农村经济政策和扶持马来人进入工商领域和专业服务领域的政策,有关政策使马来人土著全面参与各个经济领域,经济状况有明显改善.本文认为,政府通过倾向性政策减轻大多数马来人的贫困,有利于马来西亚社会的稳定发展.     

现代化视域下马来西亚“东向政策”的拓展深化及影响

“东向政策”是马来西亚1982年开始实施的对外政策，其主旨是同日韩扩大经济贸易关系，争取两国投资并学习其先进技术、管理经验以及职业精神，服务于马来西亚工业现代化的发展要求。“东向政策”有助于马来西亚突破后发国家实现现代化面临的资金不足、技术落后以及管理方式陈旧等难题。历经40余年，“东向政策”在目标、内容、手段与对象上得以拓展和深化。为了平衡主要国家在马来西亚的战略博弈，“东向政策”的战略意图从最初“以亲近日韩来弥补与西方国家的疏远关系”转向“加强与中国的交往来平衡主要国家对马来西亚发展的影响”。同时，将政策对象拓展至中国以使马来西亚搭上中国发展的快车，推动其经济社会进一步向前发展。尽管学界对“东向政策”的实施效果提出了质疑，但总体来看，该政策有力推动了马来西亚从传统农业国转向新兴工业国，加快了其工业现代化进程。     

马来西亚会成为“第五小龙”吗？

马来西亚会成为“第五小龙”吗？肖三华译马来西亚是第三世界中经济增长最快的国家之一。１９６５－１９８０年国民生产总值年均增长７．４％。随着经济增长，各种社会发展指标亦有较大进步。马来西亚社会经济的发展是在一个多民族的国家背景下发生的。主要社会团体人口中...     

五、六十年代马来西亚拉赫曼政府的“一边倒”政策

五、六十年代马来西亚拉赫曼政府的“一边倒”政策①孟人杰１９５７年马来西亚获得独立，１９６３年马来西亚成立，一直到１９７０年拉赫曼下台，其政府执行的是倒向西方的政策。这个政策可以通过马来西亚与英联邦的关系、对社会主义国家的政策、以及马来西亚在地区形势中...     

马来西亚务实南海政策及其新变化

作为南海争端声索国之一,马来西亚对南海东南部12个岛礁提出主权声索,并已武装占领了其中5个岛礁。与此同时,马来西亚自20世纪70年代开始持续不断地开采南海油气资源,成为该海域油气开采的最大获利者。长期以来,马来西亚出于经济利益及防务安全的考量,实行务实的南海政策,尽量避免军事冲突,以政治外交手段捍卫其南海既得利益。近年来,随着南海局势的新发展,马来西亚的南海政策也发生了新变化,对华忧虑明显加深,但经济考量仍然重于主权争端;保持对中国的戒备性反应,但与中国防务合作亦不断加强;推动南海问题东盟化,反对域外势力介入南海问题的立场有所动摇。     

马来西亚新经济政策与华人资本

一 新经济政策的实质 马来西亚决定从一九七○至九○年执行“新经济政策”。它是一九六九年在首都吉隆坡发生大规模排华暴动(在马来西亚历史上称为“五一三事件”,华人伤亡达数百人)之后开始执行,这是在政治、经济上对华人的一个大冲击。 这项新经济政策的核心就是所谓“重组社会”。马来西亚是一个多民族国家,马来人占百分之四十六点八,华人占百分之三十四点一,印度人占百分之九,达雅克人占百     

九十年代马来西亚华人资本

影响马来西亚华人资本未来的因素很多,但关键的应是当地经济状况及政府对华人经济的政策。本文打算以战后马来西亚华人资本发展线索为依据,结合马来西亚近期的经济发展,及当局的华人经济政策动向,对90年代马来西亚华人资本的发展趋向,作初步探讨。一、马华资本将继续发展扩大战后马来西亚华人资本增幅很大,从战前的2亿美元上升到80     

日本在马来西亚的企业投资

一、马来西亚的投资环境 马来西亚于一九七一年颁布了新经济政策,作为它的长期经济开发战略,以一九七一年到一九九○年的二十年期间分为四个五年计划(从第二个五年计划到第五个五年计划)。一九八一年系马来西亚第四个五年计划(一九八一年至一九八五年)的第一个年度。新经济政     

马来西亚90年代国际收支述评

从７０年代至今的２０多年中，马来西亚一直保持着较高的经济发展速度。特别是最近几年，马来西亚经济取得巨大成就，１９８８—１９９６年国内生产总值（ＧＤＰ）平均增长率达９％左右，居东盟之首，在整个亚洲仅次于中国。马来西亚经济属出口拉动增长型，其国民经济对外...     

Locating Kaliningrad And KÖNigsberg In Russian And German Collective Identity Discourses And Political Symbolism In The 750Th Anniversary Celebrations Of 2005

This article begins by briefly exploring issues of conflict and control in relation to the 750th anniversary of the city of Kaliningrad/Königsberg. An analysis of the tensions between Russian regional (Kaliningrad) and national (federal) identity discourses on the political symbolism of the 750th anniversary commemoration is offered, using Russian media reports and interviews conducted in Kaliningrad. German narratives on the political symbolism of the anniversary events and their implications for German national identity discourses are investigated via interviews conducted in Kaliningrad and Germany, German media reports, books, films and a theater production about Königsberg. Particular attention is given to the impact of the German expellee organizations on framing the discourse about Königsberg in contemporary Germany. The article will conclude by comparing and contrasting the various discourses and interpretations of the anniversary in the Kaliningrad region, Russia and Germany.     

CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND THE TREATMENT OF PAKISTAN’S RELIGIOUS MINORITIES

Although Pakistan was created as a homeland for South Asia's Muslims, religious freedom was one of its founding principles. Seventy years later, Pakistan is better known for religious extremism and the persecution of Muslim and non-Muslim religious minorities. Pakistan's blasphemy law is a state-sanctioned tool of religious oppression used to target members of minority faith communities whether Ahmadiya, Christian, Hindu, or Shiite, as well as Sunnis who criticize the law. This paper discusses the blasphemy law and other laws that have led to the state of religious oppression in Pakistan.     

The FBI's Role in Expelling Germans from Ecuador During the 1940s

The expulsion from Latin America of immigrants from axis countries and their descendants is an important but little‐studied episode of the Second World War. The role of the US, and in particular that of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in their removal has largely disappeared from historical memory. This article examines how the FBI advanced US commercial interests, and in the process harmed vulnerable people who were subject to these expulsions.     

'Adorned with the Mix of Faith and Profanity that Intoxicates the People': The Festival of the Senhor do Bonfim in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 1930–19541

This essay looks at a formative period in the history of the festival of the Senhor do Bonfim, one of Salvador's most important religious festivals. The essay focuses on the public ritual washing of the Church of Bonfim and the tensions between the Catholic Church, who periodically banned the washing from the larger festival, and a variety of historical actors including politicians, journalists, authors and working-class Salvadorans whose efforts eventually contributed to the lifting of the prohibition once and for all in 1953. The author suggests that the defence of the washing both reflected and contributed to a larger hegemonic process taking place in Salvador after 1930, as actors within Salvador's dominant class accepted and even praised Afro-Bahian cultural practices, including them as integral parts of a larger Bahian identity.     

The Health of the Rurality: The Encuesta de Folklore and Popular Healing Practices in Tucumán, 1921

This article examines healing practices among the rural inhabitants of Tucumán in the opening quarter of the twentieth century through a reading of the 1921 National Folklore Survey. It argues that popular medical practices, referred to as curanderismos (popular healing), continued into the twentieth century not only as cultural practice of the popular classes but as necessity due to limited investments in public health in the rural regions on the part of the national and provincial government.     

INDIA’S DEMONETISATION: MODI’S ‘NUDGE’ TO CHANGE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

This article offers an account of the impact of Indian PM Narendra Modi’s decision in November 2016 to withdraw suddenly all Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes from circulation in India with the avowed intent of combatting fraud, tax avoidance and other economic problems. The article assesses the impact from the demonetisation in November to the March 2017 Indian regional elections, where wide-scale victories for Modi’s political party, the BJP, appear to have vindicated his reforms. The article provides an analysis of the political background of the period, as well as looking at the economic and societal impact of the changes, including the way in which the behaviour of Indian citizens has been ‘nudged’ with particular regard to use of banking, transactions, social effects, and payment of tax.     

DROUGHT: THE ACHILLES HEEL OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

Approximately 97% of the country is experiencing drought conditions. Due to gross water mismanagement and its damaging impact on the country, Iran faces the worst situation in water resources of any industrialized nation. Tens of thousands of villages have been deserted and most of the major urban centers have passed their limits to absorb new rural migrants. Some officials predict that in less than 25 years, 50 million Iranians would be displaced from their current homes because of the pressing ecological conditions. This is happening at the time that the gap between the grassroots and the state has widened and there is increasing dissatisfaction with governance plagued by corruption, nepotism, economic mismanagement, unaccountability and a foreign policy which has produced various regional and trans-regional adversaries. This paper evaluates the pressing ecological challenges in Iran and by conceptualizing political resilience it critically evaluates whether the Islamic Republic is prepared to face the devastating ecological crisis and its socio-economic consequences.