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International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics -  相似文献   

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The concept of gender symmetry in intimate partner violence (IPV) may be an artifact of three factors. 1) Methodology: Subject recruitment frequently excludes clinical samples. Cross-sectional designs negate the ability to evaluate recidivism and do not account for women’s greater likelihood of leaving violent relationships. 2) Narrow Focus: Researchers focus on frequency of physical aggression, while excluding other types of aggression (e.g., sexual IPV, life-threatening violence, use of firearms), or the impact of such aggression (e.g., fear, depression, injury). 3) Measurement: Surveys are hindered by varying interpretations of seemingly face-valid items, effects of item instructions, and lack of multi-method assessment approaches. Strategies for addressing these problems and resolving the gender symmetry controversy are outlined.  相似文献   

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本文通过对美国诗人加里·斯奈德的诗歌《别克洛德·达仑堡》与中国古典送别诗的比较,揭示了《别克洛德·达仑堡》中显著的中国古典送别诗特点,并从跨文化交际的角度对这些特点及其根源进行了分析和探索。  相似文献   

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Most courts agree that the duty to defend is broader than the duty to indemnify. Many courts also agree that the duty to defend should be determined by the four or eight corners rule. There is not agreement, however, whether extrinsic evidence may be used to expand, narrow, or eliminate the duty to defend. This article provides an overview of the issue and contends that extrinsic evidence is only appropriate in circumstances where a policyholder seeks to establish a defense obligation or where the insurer is aware of information independent of the complaint that confirms a defense obligation.  相似文献   

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Previous research into pollen content of tobacco resulted in a debate. We address this debate and determine that pollen analysis may be able to assist with identifying geographical origin of tobacco. However, the value of any results should be assessed on a case‐by‐case regional basis until sufficient database information is available for an objective interpretation to be undertaken on a global basis. As a first step toward developing comparative data for South America, we analyzed a tobacco sample from Brazil in an effort to identify signature taxa from the state of Minas Gerais. We also assessed the role of honey additives to tobacco to assess this issue. Comparing the data to previously published data, we conclude that pollen signatures can distinguish broad geographic areas. We conclude that this forensic interpretation framework needs to be developed in context of the National Academy of Sciences recommendations for tightening methods in forensic science.  相似文献   

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沉默权的是非之争与正当根据(下)   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
孙长永 《现代法学》2001,23(4):55-63
英美国家关于沉默权的争论并没有完全否定沉默权的意思 ,而只是对沉默权的具体规则有不同意见。沉默权是一项有充分道德基础的个人权利 ,它既有重要的诉讼价值 ,又可能需要付出一定的代价 ,但一些国家出于保护公共利益的需要对它进行的限制均附带有严格的条件 ,沉默权的基本精神并没有受到损害。坚持和发展沉默权制度 ,仍然是当今世界刑事司法领域的一种基本趋势。  相似文献   

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自2014年底媒体爆出“埃菲尔铁塔夜间拍摄侵权”的消息以来,理论界和实务界少有提出质疑.但在法国法语境下无论是否适用添附规则,又或者根据著作权侵权判定规则,都不必然能得出“埃菲尔铁塔夜间拍摄侵权”的结论,“埃菲尔铁塔夜间拍摄侵权”只在极少数的场合才能成立.  相似文献   

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数字化记忆是互联网信息时代的重要表征。“被遗忘权”制度的提出,突显了公众对“过度记忆”这一时代发展趋势的抗拒。但是,“被遗忘权”在本土化移植问题上面临着权利实施必要性、权利实现可行性双重困境。一方面,“被遗忘权”所欲保护的利益与我国《个人信息保护法》中“删除权”所涵摄之内容重叠;另一方面,“被遗忘权”的引入会影响公众言论自由权及知情权的行使,危害良性社会秩序的建立。同时,由于“被遗忘权”的权利内容过于宽泛,易被异化为一种“特权”,从而影响互联网信息的流动,抑制我国信息产业的发展。因此,我国目前不宜引入“被遗忘权”。  相似文献   

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Defendants'perceptions of the fairness of their criminal processing outcomes have been the stated concern of some criminal justice reformers. Past research has suggested that these perceptions are influenced by characteristics of the outcome received as well as by characteristics of the process through which the outcome is imposed. This analysis tests a theoretical path model of perceived outcome fairness, which examines the relative influence of both outcome and process characteristics, using survey data collected from 619 prison inmates incarcerated in Minnesota and Illinois. The results indicate that factors related to both outcome and process significantly influence sample inmates'perceptions of their criminal justice processing outcomes and together explain a substantial portion of the total variance. However, two process-related characteristics are found to be the most powerful predictors of perceived outcome fairness. Inmates'perceptions that they are fairly treated by their lawyer, judge, and prosecutor are the strongest correlates of perceived outcome fairness, followed by the mode of disposition through which their outcomes are imposed; inmates who plea bargain are more likely than those who go to trial to perceive their outcome as fair.  相似文献   

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Stephen Mathis 《Ratio juris》2004,17(3):328-345
Abstract.  This essay offers a particular view of the distinction between criminal attempts and actions that could constitute "mere preparation" for the later commission of a crime, that prioritizes a proper balancing of public safety and the protection of individual liberty. Modeled after Hart's distinction between the general justifying aims and the principles of distribution of a system of punishment, this view allows a coherent way of distinguishing between attempts and mere preparation that avoids many difficulties associated with subjectivist and objectivist approaches. **  相似文献   

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