社会养老保险的改革与立法

现阶段,我国社会养老保险制度在改革与立法中存在法律规范不统一、法律原则不明确、法律保障对象过窄、国家在养老保险法律关系中主体地位不确定、相关法学研究有待深入等问题,对此,拟从基本原则、国家主体地位等方面对社会养老保险的改革与立法提出相应建议.     

外国养老保险事业对我国养老制度改革的启示

养老保险事业发轫于德国,发展于欧洲,后被世界上许多国家和地区所学习。各国的养老实践经过多年来的发展,积累了丰富的管理经验,对我国养老保险制度的建立和改革带来了一系列启示:(1)科学安排一套缴费公平、分配合理、执行有效的社会养老保险制度,夯实养老保险事业的基础;(2)多措共举,缓减社会养老保险的支出压力;(3)注重效率与社会公平;(4)强化管理,促进养老基金保值增值。     

进一步深化我国企业职工养老保险改革的思考

崔林在《体制改革》2006年第2期撰文提出，基本养老保险基金多年收不抵支和老龄化社会迅速逼近迫切需要我们总结现有经验，理顺进一步深化我国城镇职工养老保险改革的思路，构建和完善对目标人群广覆盖、在资金运作上可持续、管理简便高效的养老保险制度。一、目前养老保险制度实施过程中出现的问题。1．“空账运行”的模式导致“统账结合”的制度模式名存实亡；2．养老保险制度中存在的“免费搭车者”和“逆向选择”问题突出；3．养老保险组织管理模式过于政府集权化；4．没有处理好养老保险改革短期任务与长期目标之间的关系；5．养老保险的制度设计缺乏统筹规划。     

罗马尼亚工会在养老保险制度改革中的作用及启示

自20世纪90年代以来,罗马尼亚对传统的养老保险制度进行了改革,在改革过程中,工会为了维护工人的权益发挥着重要作用。 一、罗马尼亚的养老保险制度改革（一）实行全国统一的基本养老保险制度。1992年前,罗马尼亚的养老保险制度采取的是待遇确定型（DB）现收现付制计划,雇主和雇员对于养老保险基金有缴费的法律义务,自我雇佣者和非典型劳动合同者可以自愿参加,但参与水平较低。     

事业单位如何养老？——聚焦事业单位养老保险制度改革

事业单位养老保险制度要改革了,国家决定在山西、上海、浙江、广东、重庆等五个省市进行试点。试点的主要内容包括：养老保险费用由单位和个人共同负担,退休待遇与缴费相联系,基金逐步实行省级统筹,建立职业年金制度,实行社会化管理服务等。     

农民工养老保险断裂的未来

目前,全中国的农民工总量已经达到2．69亿人,在整个中国的发展过程中,他们是一股不可忽视的力量。时下农民工参加城镇社保,有居民养老保险和职工养老保险两种选择。但当前不少农民工在这两张“社保网”面前,却总有一种“高不成、低不就”的困惑。     

养老保险覆盖范围存在的问题与成因

我国养老保险覆盖范围存在的主要问题是覆盖面窄。目前 ,大部分私营企业、外商投资企业、港澳台投资企业和个体工商户尚未实行养老保险制度 ,严重影响着国有企业改革和非公有经济的发展。造成这一弊病的主要原因是养老保险法制不健全、相关政策不完善和缺乏有效管理等。     

“2014’经济全球化与工会国际论坛”在京召开 促改革 谋发展 共圆美好梦想

2014年9月24日,“2014’经济全球化与工会国际论坛”在北京开幕。中共中央政治局委员、中华全国总工会主席李建国出席开幕式并致辞。自2004年至今,“纾济全球化与工会国际论坛”已是第10次举办。此次论坛以“促改革、谋发展、共圆美好梦想”为主题,来自亚、非、拉和欧洲国家工会组织以及国际和区域工会组织、国际劳工组织等代表参加了论坛。     

中国城镇养老保险制度的覆盖率分析

退休职工的养老问题是城镇社会保障工作的核心内容。中国现行的城镇养老保险制度实行现收现付和个人积累的混合制,但相对较低的城镇养老保险筹资覆盖率仍存在亟待改进的需求和优化空间。城镇养老保险制度的低覆盖率与经济结构转型、人口结构转型等因素有很大关系。建立广覆盖、高水平和可持续的城镇养老保险制度,是缓解中国日益严重的城镇养老问题的必然选择。     

国际社会对贸易自由化与国际劳工标准的辩论

20世纪 90年代以来 ,随着全球化和贸易自由化的迅猛发展 ,引发了国际社会关于贸易自由化与国际劳工标准挂钩的辩论 ,各种相关的国际组织和工会对此问题展开了激烈的争论 ,虽然最终并没有争出胜负 ,但也在某些方面达成了共识。     

体面劳动在中国

国际劳工组织自1999年提出"体面劳动"的理念后,一直在全球推行体面劳动。体面劳动所涵盖的内容既是国际劳工组织的战略目标,也是中国一直致力于实现的目标。     

国际劳工组织的历史贡献及其对中国劳动社会保障法制建设的影响—— 纪念国际劳工组织成立 100 周年

系统梳理概括了国际劳工组织百年发展中的五大贡献,研究表明,几乎每个改变社会和劳动的事件都与国际劳工组织密切相关,在关键的历史时刻它发挥了重要的作用。中国与国际劳工组织的联系源远流长。中国政府和工会、雇主组织在劳动立法、就业促进和社会保障的价值理念、体制机制等方面,吸收了国际劳工组织和国际劳工标准的有益经验和积极影响,履行了国际劳工组织成员国的义务。因此,无论是要构建和谐劳动关系,还是致力于积极参与国际劳动治理,都需要加强对国际劳工组织和国际劳工标准的基础性和应用性研究,以便不断加强我国劳动社会保障法制建设,为促进体面劳动,实现社会正义做出贡献。     

WTO公平竞争原则在倾销与反倾销领域中的影响适用

建立以公平竞争为基础的多边贸易体系是世界贸易组织的基本目标,世界贸易组织的宗旨和各协议都体现了公平竞争原则.在世贸组织各项条款中,这一原则主要体现在第六条"倾销"、第七条"补贴"和第十七条"国际贸易"等条款之中.     

The World Development Report 2008: inconsistencies,silences, and the myth of ‘win-win’ scenarios

The World Development Report 2008 (WDR-2008) on agriculture and development has been received with much expectation and controversy. This paper welcomes some aspects of the WDR-2008 that help us reinvigorate some debates on agricultural development, so far marginalised in international development policy agendas. The paper, however, focuses on some critical problems in the report and the World Bank's stance on agriculture. First, there are tensions between advocacy and research and between the World Bank's rhetoric and operational realities. Secondly, the report suffers from the usual adherence to superficial win-win scenarios that mask conflict of interest and power relations. Thirdly, the WDR-2008 is caught in a tension between neo-populist pro-small farmer views and ‘modernist’ pro-agribusiness stances. Fourthly, the analysis of agricultural development in isolation from broader development processes and especially without a systematic analysis of industrialisation and agriculture–industry relations seriously limits the analytical and empirical value of the report.     

Modernising subordination? A South Asian perspective on the World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development

The World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development argues that the solution to rural poverty in South Asia is through commercial smallholder farming, rural waged labour in farm and non-farm activities, or outmigration. Critically evaluating the Report from a South Asian perspective on the basis of agrarian structure, market-led agrarian transformation, the power of monopoly capital, and the option of off-farm livelihoods, it is argued that the Report has a deeply flawed understanding of the process of capitalist development in rural South Asia. Its path-dependent vision of the future of agriculture is rooted in modernisation theory, and predicated on the continued subordination of the majority of those who live in the South Asian countryside.     

Exit from agriculture: a step forward or a step backward for the rural poor?

World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development recommends that rural smallholders unable to compete in higher value production should exit agriculture. For the old and new landless, the way forward is wage labour in agriculture, in rural off farm work, or in urban areas. Disjunctively, the Report also proposes ‘farm-financed social welfare’ as a safety net when urban workers are ejected back to countryside at times of ‘urban shock’. My essay contrasts the Report's narrative about felicitous trajectories away from and back to the farm with the historical and contemporary experience of Asia's rural poor.     

Unjustified optimism: why the World Bank's 2008 ‘agriculture for development’ report misses the point for South Africa

The World Bank Development Report 2008 sees agriculture as a crucial instrument for sustainable development and poverty reduction. It emphasises the need for a sharp productivity increase in smallholder farming, as well as more effective support to millions of subsistence farmers. However, while admitting that there are challenges in making this goal a reality, the report fails to fully acknowledge the legacy of colonialism and apartheid on land and agrarian relations in South Africa. Contrary to the World Bank's optimism about smallholder and subsistence agriculture, this legacy of inequality and land dispossession discourages farming by Blacks in countries like South Africa.     

LOVING TO STRAIGHTEN OUT DEVELOPMENT: SEXUALITY AND ETHNODEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD BANK'S ECUADORIAN LENDING

Gender staff in the World Bank -- the world's largest and most influential development institution -- have a policy problem. Having prioritised efforts to get women into paid employment as the ȁ8cure-allȁ9 for gender inequality they must deal with the work that women already do -- the unpaid labour of caring, socialisation, and human needs fulfilment. This article explores the most prominent policy solution enacted by the Bank to this tension between paid and unpaid work: the restructuring of normative heterosexuality to encourage a two-partner model of love and labour wherein women work more and men care better. Through a case study of Bank gender lending in Ecuador I argue that staff are trying to (re)forge normative arrangements of intimacy, a policy preference that remains invisible unless sexuality is taken seriously as a category of analysis in development studies. Specifically, I focus on four themes that emerge from the attempt to restructure heteronormativity in the loan: (1) the definition of good gender analysis as requiring complementary sharing and dichotomous sex; (2) the Bank's attempt to inculcate limited rationality in women such that they operate as better workers while retaining altruistic attachments to loved ones; (3) the Bank's attempt to inculcate better loving in men, such that they pick up the slack of caring labour when their (partially) rational wives move into productive work, and; (4) the invocation of a racialised hierarchy resting on the extent to which communities approximate ideals of sharing monogamous partnership. Aside from providing clear evidence that the world's largest development institution is involved in micro-processes of sexuality adjustment alongside macro-processes of economic restructuring, I also critique the Bank's sexualised policy interventions and suggest that they warrant contestation.     

The World Bank on ‘agriculture for development’: a failure of imagination or the power of ideology?

The paper provides a critique of the World Bank's 2008 World Development Report on the role of agriculture in the development process, specifically its conception of capitalist farming as a pathway out of rural poverty. It is argued that the Report is unable to overcome a fundamental deficit in development thinking based on modernisation theory and an ideological predisposition towards (and belief in) the agency and working of the market. The paper also argues that the failure of the Report to propose radical land redistributive measures for tackling rural poverty derives from its failure to grasp the fundamental cause and dynamics of rural poverty.