社区矫正工作绩效显著

记者近日从司法部获悉，2013年，全国社区服刑人员矫正期间再犯罪率保持在0．2％左右，没有发生影响社会稳定的重特大案件。截至去年10月底，各地累计接收社区服刑人员166．5万人，累计解除矫正100．7万人，现有社区服刑人员65．8万人。     

社区矫正的吉林样板

吉林省社区矫正工作自2006年2月开展试点、2009年12月全面试行以来。截至今年8月，全省累计接收社区服刑人员4．4万人，累计解除2．6万人，现有社区服刑人员1．79万人，社区服刑人员在矫正期间再犯罪率为0．06％，大大低于全国0．2％的平均水平，两次在全国会议上介绍经验。     

江苏农村社区矫正模式探析

2012年《社区矫正实施办法》实施至今,我国每月社区矫正人数净增长17.2万人,每月平均增长1.32万人;截至2012年7月底,江苏省累计接收社区服刑人员18.1万人,所有的乡镇(街道)都开展了社区矫正工作。江苏省农村社区矫正工作在已取得的经验和成效的基础上,在农村社区矫正的理念、体制和方法方面不断创新。本文提炼出江苏农村地区的     

由社区矫正而引发的刑罚执行及其相关问题

社区矫正是我国刑罚执行制度改革的一项重大成果,初步完成试点任务的六省市共约六万服刑人员,今年又增加十二省市试点,估计将有约十八万服刑人员在社区进行矫正。如果全国各省市普遍实施社区矫正,按现在规模将有约三十万服刑人员在社区矫正。如果全国监狱现有服刑人员的50%在社     

狠抓落实 全面推进社区矫正工作

2014年,社区矫正工作在司法部党组正确领导下,认真贯彻落实党的十八大、十八届三中、四中全会精神,认真学习贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话和关于社区矫正工作的重要指示以及全国社区矫正工作会议精神,实现了新发展、新突破。截至2014年12月底,全国累计接收社区服刑人员223.8万人,累计解除150.5万人,现有73.3万人,社区服刑人员在矫期间重新犯罪率控制在0.2%左右的较低水平,为维     

女性社区服刑人员的特点及其社区矫正工作——以上海市M区、X区为例

本文以上海市M区、X区社区服刑人员为例，通过对M区、X区社区服刑人员问卷调查和个案分析，从社区服刑人员所具有社会性别特点的事实出发，研究和探讨社区矫正中女性社区服刑人员这一特殊群体的特点，提出并引入社会性别的理论，根据女性社区服刑人员的特点开展社区矫正工作。针对女性社区服刑人员的特点及自身存在的问题，文章提出应该在微观社区矫正实务工作方面和宏观社会福利政策制定方面能够充分考虑女性社区服刑人员的特殊性，实施分类矫正，提高我国社区矫正工作的质量和水平。     

采取社区矫正“1363”措施 促进社会和谐稳定

山东省青州市坚持以科学发展观统领社区矫正工作，积极采取社区矫正工作“1363”措施，强基础、重规范、抓质量、求实效，有效预防了社区服刑人员的重新犯罪，促进了社会和谐稳定。全市12个镇（街道）全部开展了社区矫正工作；共接管社区服刑人员820名，矫正期满解除矫正257名，现有矫正期内社区服刑人员563名，所有社区服刑人员均思想稳定，人心思进。     

试论社区矫正人身拘束机制

随着社区矫正制度被正式载入我国刑法，区县司法行政机关在未来社区矫正工作中的执法主体地位备受关注。作为刑罚的非监禁执行方式，社区矫正始终面临着两大任务：一是保障社区安全；二是降低重新违法犯罪率。二者的实现都有赖于强有力的矫正手段作为基础，势必应建立起一种针对社区服刑人员人身的约束保障机制，以确保在社区安全的前提下，提高矫正的实际效果。     

论我国社区服刑人员矫正效果评估体系的构建

社区服刑人员矫正效果评估是检验社区服刑人员矫正质量和社区矫正工作效果的重要手段,是社区矫正工作的关键环节和基础工作。因此,以社区服刑人员再社会化为中心,遵循罪犯矫正的本质与规律,构建科学、实效的社区服刑人员矫正效果评估体系,是提升社区矫正工作整体水平,促进社区矫正工作发展的现实需要和必然要求。     

恢复性司法理念下我国农村社区矫正相关问题研究

自2011年5月1日生效的刑法修正案《八》,社区矫正制度在我国正式实行,是新时期我国刑罚制度改革的重要体现。由于我国的社区矫正制度起步较晚,经验不足,在实践中面临了许多问题,尤其是对于我国广大的农村地区,由于其观念保守,法治化程度较低,设施人员经费不足等问题,致使在农村地区开展社区矫正工作颇有难度。恢复性司法理念作为当今世界流行的司法观念,对我国农村社区矫正工作不仅在制度上进行指导,而且解决社区矫正机构及其人员对服刑人员的监督管理等方面都有十分重要的意义。本文旨在以恢复性司法理念的精神内涵的感召之下,对我国农村不同类型矫正对象适用不同的社区矫正对策,以期使社区矫正制度能够在我国农村发挥着更加有效的积极矫正作用。     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.