新公共管理范式转换的哲学视角

从哲学视角透视新公共管理范式的转换,历经了从封闭的本体论范式到方法论范式的转换,从非人格化到人格化的转换,从过程功利主义向结果功利主义的转换。在新公共管理范式的产生和发展中存在的一些问题需要引起关注。     

数字经济时代社会政策面临的新社会风险及其应对

根据时代更替和经济社会环境变迁,分析研判对社会政策造成重要挑战的新风险,是社会政策研究的题中之义。新社会风险的分析视角关注后工业社会时代的新社会风险与工业社会时代形成的老社会政策之间的矛盾。在这一分析视角下,数字经济的社会政策挑战有：数字化生产带来的就业替代风险,新就业形态的过度灵活造成的劳动者社会保护弱化风险以及数字经济侵蚀社会政策财务基础的风险。应对数字经济的风险和挑战,需要增强对新就业形态劳动者的社会保护,扩展以公民身份为基础的普遍性福利,培养公民基本数字技能以适应数字化的劳动和生活,完善缴费和税收制度以巩固社会政策财务基础。     

拓宽灵活就业劳动者职业发展渠道研究

数字经济时代的灵活就业属于技术性和社会性的劳动方式,但与机器大工业时代相比,灵活就业劳动者在与技术的深度结合、劳动过程的自主性等方面,都有了更大的提升。灵活就业劳动者对自身职业发展定位呈过渡性特征,职业发展存在许多困境,但也展现出从垂直化发展到扁平化发展、从千军万马过独木桥到条条大路通罗马、从灵活就业向更多职业探索的趋势。要进一步落实落细相关政策,多元拓宽灵活就业劳动者职业发展渠道。     

数字经济驱动黑龙江省制造业转型升级研究

利用数字经济赋能制造业转型升级形成新质生产力成为新发展格局新要求,利用黑龙江省11个地级市2011—2022年的面板数据来实证检验数字经济对黑龙江省制造业转型升级的影响,结果发现黑龙江省数字经济驱动制造业转型升级有两条路径,一种是直接驱动,另一种是以创新能力为中介的间接影响。据此建议黑龙江省及各地级市政府应加强政策与资金支持,着力发展数字经济,并培养创新型人才,发展新兴技术,提高创新能力,加快制造业数字化转型升级形成新质生产力。     

机构改革的理论前提

政府机构改革要真正而又实际地取得成效,需要在理论观念上有根本性的转换。首先,要逐步实现从强政治弱行政的行政范式向规范化专业化行政范式转变;其次,要矫正政府的社会历史角色的定位,逐步实现从政府本位向社会公众本位的转换;再次,要从我国及全球经济关系发展状况及趋势出发,把市场经济运行的模式从政府型逐步向政府补充型转换。     

中国数字经济协同治理理论框架和实现路径

当今社会已步入信息社会发展阶段,数字经济随之成为经济发展新动能、新业态,既深刻影响着我们的生产生活,也给治理带来了一系列新问题、新挑战。加强数字经济治理,需认真分析数字经济发展特征,构建符合中国数字经济治理实际的理论框架;以中国数字经济协同治理理论框架为指导,构建数字经济协同治理体系,推动多元主体之间的关系协同、主体协同和机制协同,不断完善和发展中国数字经济协同治理的实施路径。     

数字时代的工作形态变革与社会保险制度创新

随着数字经济的发展,传统工作形态将被灵活就业、合作式工作、组合式工作等取代,劳动关系将呈现非标准化、非从属性和多元化等特点。在对工作形态和劳动关系变化情况进行总结和分析后,梳理出新工作形态的发展对传统社会保险制度提出的一系列挑战,包括社会保险关系界定、保费征缴、社保经办管理以及劳动者权益保障的风险认定与取证等。为适应新工作形态下劳动关系变革的形势需要,社会保险制度创新需要着重关注以下方面：一是加快明晰新工作形态劳动者与用工方的社保缴费责任;二是加快放开灵活就业人员参保的户籍限制;三是加快探索社会保险计费和缴费方式创新;四是加快推进社保经办和管理的数字化改革。     

论"新公共管理模式"及其当代价值

"新公共管理模式"是当代西方政府改革的基本趋向和实践模式,其出现具有深刻的经济、政治和社会背景.从哲学层面看,西方"新公共管理"理论是哲学的单一主体范式向后现代的多极主体范式转移的具体显现.从历史与逻辑相统一的向度,具体阐释行政管理由传统的官僚体制向新公共管理转移的历史过程与原因,分析其背后内蕴的哲学基础是管理主体由单一性向多样性的范式转型,对当代中国的政治体制改革具有重要启迪.     

加快推进我国创业经济发展对策思考

发展创业经济是实现创新型国家战略任务的必要前提,是我国转变经济发展方式的必由之路,是实现经济结构调整和优化升级的根本途径,有利于扩大就业以促进经济稳定持续发展。我国现行创业政策体系存在的主要缺陷为创业政策缺乏整体协调性、政策取向核心不突出、缺乏灵活性。加快推进创业型经济发展扩内需保民生,应从以下方面努力:培养和提高公民的创业意识和创业能力;完善创业型经济发展政策法律体系;要对教育培训结构和体系进行研究与反思;重视引导和扶持农民创业经济发展;制订实现创新、创业、就业协调发展的创业专项计划;着力加强制度建设与创新,为创业型经济发展提供体制机制保障;大力推进以创业带动就业的积极就业政策。     

论新公共服务理论对新公共管理理论的传承与超越

根据库恩的科学范式转换的观点,目前公共行政领域的两种范式:新公共管理范式和新公共服务范式。两种范式的关系并非替代而是传承与超越的关系,这种关系可以通过他们对理性的关注、对参与的关注、对组织弹性化改革与放松管制的态度的比较来说明。了解两种范式的关系对于解决我国目前建设服务型政府中的一些理论和实践困惑有指导意义,提示我们对新公共管理的成果是批判继承而不是抛弃,最终实现公平、公共利益和效率效能价值的统一。     

The Divergent Worlds of New Media: How Policy Shapes Work in the Creative Economy1

“New media” workers have joined the creative economy as digital designers, web page designers, and producers of entertainment products. Like many creative commodity producers, their work lies at the intersection of the technical (in this case code writing) and the expressive (through design). It reflects the tensions inherent in this intersection and the conflicts common to many creative workers who produce commodities but whose work also reflects some element of personal expression or authorship. The ways in which these tensions are resolved is central to the formation of new occupational and professional identities. Cultural economy perspectives offer us insights into the subjective experience of the tensions associated with creative work. They become more powerful, however, when combined with an understanding of the policy context in which new media has evolved. Drawing on both cultural economy and policy analysis approaches, I argue that while new media work emerged in conjunction with new technologies and reflects the tensions between technical applications and design, it also is a product of changes in broader regulatory frameworks that have shaped the work-world of new media. The “regulatory difference” has produced considerable variation in the occupational identities of new media workers among advanced economies. In some economies, new media work is evolving in a form that is closer to that of the professional, whereas in the United States it is better described as an entrepreneurial activity in which new media workers sell skills and services in a market. To make this argument I examine findings from the growing body of international work on new media but focus on the particularities of the United States case. What this evidence indicates is that the character of new media occupations is defined as much by the policy context within which it emerges as by the technology it uses.     

Government with a Cast of Dozens: Policy Capacity Risks and Policy Work in the Northern Territory

There are a number challenges to maintaining high‐quality policy capacity in sparsely populated areas such as Australia's Northern Territory (e.g. natural resource dependent economy, prominence of Indigenous issues, provision of local services). Moreover, the Territory government has recently been undergoing a host of public sector changes. This paper utilises survey methodologies of policy workers that were recently developed in Canada and examines nine risk factors to policy work. A survey of 119 policy workers in the Northern Territory was conducted in 2013. The analysis examined four key policy‐work areas (policy activities, barriers, areas for improved policy capacity, nature of change in work environment). The survey findings offer some practical insights for managers. Formal policy‐work training is recognised as critical. Policy capacity may be increased through better inter‐departmental (and potentially inter‐governmental) cooperation and information sharing, more opportunities to engage with non‐governmental stakeholders, and more opportunities for those leaving the full‐time Northern Territory policy workforce to continue to contribute. From a conceptual point of view, the extent to which ‘policy capacity’ as commonly conceived in the literature is applicable to contexts, such as Australia's Northern Territory, warrants further examination.     

浅析新形势下工会工作的发展方向

从1978年改革开放的号角吹响开始,我国经济的发展就步入了一个新的阶段。如今,经历30多年的发展,我国的市场经济体制正逐步发展和走向完善,伴随着这些发展的还有我国企事业单位的改革。改革必然会产生各种各样的新问题和新矛盾。在这种情况下,作为单位思想灵魂的工会组织就起到了至关重要的作用,它是单位和职工沟通的桥梁,更是维护单位稳定的最大保障,所以,如何在新形势下确立好工会工作的发展方向值得探究。本文针对新形势下工会工作的发展方向提出了立足根本,不断完善工会基本职能;发挥好工会的监督功能,重视活动的民主性;提高工会组织能力的建设及创新是增强工会工作源泉的四点建议。     

Digital Restructuring: Gender,Class and Citizenship in the Information Society in Canada

‘Digital restructuring’ denotes a phenomenon integral to but also distinct within economic and political restructuring broadly conceived. The concept of restructuring can be modified with ‘digital’ to forefront the important technological dimension of global restructuring, as well as to indicate developments associated with the new ‘information economy’. Digital technology and digitization have been integral to the scope and speed of the global economic and political restructuring of recent decades. They have constituted the technological conditions for some of the more characteristic aspects of this process; from the flexiblization or outright shedding of labour, to the mobility of production and capital and the globalization of trade and financial markets. This paper seeks to debunk much of the corporate and state mythology of digital restructuring currently in circulation by drawing upon the analyses of digital technology and restructuring advanced by critical scholars and progressive social movements, and to highlight the dangers to progressive political movements and discourses posed by the very nature of these representations.     

Marxism Beyond the Economy and Exploitation Beyond the Wage

Since its inception Marxism has largely operated with a narrow definition of the economy which closely resembles capitalism’s own, focusing on wage labor as the pre-eminent example of capitalist relations of labor. A century-long series of challenges from heterodox radical economists, including those based in feminism and anti-colonial theory, has yet to broaden this definition of capitalism, but the fading importance of wage labor and the advent of new forms of precarious labor relations may allow us to break the hold of restrictive ideas of the economy. A larger, more comprehensive concept of economics locates value production and material exploitation in many forms of labor in addition to waged work, and provides a theoretical platform for building solidarity among seemingly disparate movements and constituencies. Marxism can and must incorporate critiques if it is to have continuing relevance. In fact, Marx’s original understanding of capitalism included the concepts of primitive accumulation and the reproduction of labor power, allowing broader concepts of capitalist exploitation to be incorporated into the Marxist worldview. New insights into the essential nature of capitalism and new possibilities for organizing and change may emerge from this paradigm shift.     

Work Opportunities and Organizational Commitment in International Organizations

This article applies social exchange theory to investigate the relationships between work opportunities and organizational commitment in four United Nations agencies. It demonstrates that international civil servants who are satisfied with their altruistic, social, and extrinsic work opportunities are more likely to declare high levels of organizational commitment. Furthermore, perceived organizational support mediates these relationships. The empirical findings highlight the importance of considering the specificity of organizational features in explaining international civil servants' attitudes and behaviors. Their preferences for altruistic, social, and extrinsic work opportunities are not similar to the motivational orientations and rewards valued by public or private sector employees, confirming the hybrid characteristics of international organizations. Drawing on these original results, the research identifies some practical implications for human resource management in international organizations.     

论新农村治安稳定工作

本文较系统地分析了社会转型期我国农村治安稳定工作面临的突出问题及挑战,在此基础上探讨了社会主义新农村建设对促进农村治安稳定所提供的新契机。     

What goes around comes around: Perceived vulnerable employment and economic voting in developing countries

Voters who perceive the economy to be weak are generally less likely to support the incumbent government. Yet there is a debate over whether all people respond equally to economic shifts or if the state of the economy is more salient for those who feel economically vulnerable. This article examines whether insecure employment situations and employability concerns strengthen responses to the government's economic record. Data from Latin America and Eastern Europe confirm that workers who feel anxious about being fired or who believe it would be difficult to find a new job place significantly greater weight on sociotropic evaluations than do those with more secure employment situations. Thus incumbents who create risks for vulnerable workers are sanctioned, while those who create opportunities are rewarded most.     

Adjusting to New Ways of Working: Experiments with Service Delivery in the Public Sector

In response to the perceived failure of both the state and market models of service delivery, governments have embarked on a reform program that draws on the community sector to expand the suite of available policy and service delivery arrangements. This paper explores and identifies the nature of changed relationships between government and the community sector. It uses a case study that examines the operation of a new type of community organisation, and analyses the affectivity and outcomes from the experience of a community based networked arrangement. Although there is evidence of a shift to more relationship‐ oriented models of operation because of either mandate or preference both community and government sectors have found it difficult to make the necessary adjustments to these new ways of working. Community has begun the shift to this new relational approach but finds it difficult to sustain the momentum and tends to revert to more independent and competitive modes. Governments find it difficult to make the necessary adjustments to power‐sharing and resource allocation and continue to operate as ‘business as usual’ through the traditional bureaucratic authority of command and control. In this way, the rhetoric of collaboration and partnership between government and the community sector is not necessarily matched by policy and action supporting the practice of ‘new ways of working’ although these ‘experiments in service delivery’ have opened the way for adopting more innovative and effective approaches to service delivery.