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1.
欧盟多层治理体系下的对外决策具有独特性和局限性,需要发挥网络组织的灵活机制和资源配置能力,帮助克服欧盟正规决策程序中的复杂性和等级制,提高欧盟对外决策的利益协调能力和问题解决能力。政策网络理论在分析利益协调、理解网络结构、推动合作过程以及发展决策体系内公、私行为体协调等方面具有明显的理论优势。本文将欧盟对外政策研究与政策网络方法相结合,目的在于检验政策网络方法在分析政策网络结构影响欧洲对外决策方面的作用。  相似文献   

2.
也论差猜时期泰国的印支政策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王军 《东南亚研究》2001,(1):25-28,32
柬埔寨问题产生后 ,印支政策是泰国外交政策的核心。差猜上台后实施的“战场变商场”政策因其变化性而受到广泛关注。该政策既反映了泰国政治变迁 ,又表现出泰国外交政策的继承性 ,同时亦展现了泰国的地区雄心。实质上 ,差猜时期泰国的印支政策是“双轨政策” ,即“一轨”为“战场变商场”政策 ,另“一轨”是 :以外长西提为首的泰国外交部实施 (与东盟集体政策一致 )的政策。双轨政策实质上反映了泰国国家利益 (远期与近期 )的分歧与协调及国家利益与东盟地区利益的分歧与协调。  相似文献   

3.
粮食是重要的农产品,事关人民基本生活和国家经济社会的稳定与发展.今年发生的世界粮食危机让许多国家陷入饥荒与混乱.泰国是世界上重要的粮食生产国和出口国,面对这场"无声的海啸",机遇与挑战并存,泰国政府从容不迫,从维护本国政府和人民的利益出发,着眼于粮食的可持续生产及农业的长远发展,制定出行之有效的粮食政策.这些政策主要涉及保护农民的种粮积极性、敦促利益分享机制的执行、整合农业发展、粮食生产的资金投入和增强国际协商与合作等方面.目前泰国的粮食政策运行良好,可资其他粮食生产国和出口国借鉴.  相似文献   

4.
随着中国在地区和国际社会的影响力与日俱增,中美博弈的广度、深度和烈度都在加剧,而作为具有重要政治、军事、经济和地缘战略意义的南海,不可避免地成为中美博弈竞争的重要角逐场.美国为维持自己在地区的传统大国地位,以"维护在南海的航行和飞行自由"为借口,多次在南海开展所谓的"航行自由行动",不但助推了南海军事化,更加剧了南海局势的紧张.此外,美国还极力介入和干涉中国与东盟国家的南海争端,除了组建美日印澳四国机制围堵中国之外,还积极发展同越南、菲律宾等南海主权声索国的关系,企图形成制衡中国的同盟,导致中美在南海的博弈竞争日益加剧,在影响地区安全的同时,也给地区各国带来了更多的选边站压力.在此背景下,泰国等地区中小国家,为实现自身国家利益最大化,通过施行所谓的"大国平衡"外交策略,把自己塑造成调和地区各种矛盾问题的重要中间变量.在经贸、人文领域深化同中国交流与合作的同时,在南海、湄公河安全合作等地区安全议题上,泰国出现了"制衡中国"的态度倾斜,企图借助域外势力平抑中国在地区的影响力,让中美等大国在地区形成竞争均势,以达到游离于域内外大国之间"两头讨好"的目的.  相似文献   

5.
刘伟,著名经济学家,1957年1月生于河南商丘,祖籍山东蒙阴。北京大学党委常委、副校长,经济学院教授、博士生导师。主要学术领域包括:中国经济改革问题,中国宏观经济政策,政治经济学中的社会主义经济理论。社会主义市场经济体制改革中的企业产权制度的演变,经济发展过程中的产业结构演进,制度经济学中的转轨经济理论,发展经济学中的...  相似文献   

6.
欧洲经济政策结构评述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
马约为经济货币联盟建立起一套全面的经济政策结构,将统一货币政策的相关职权授予欧元体系,而将其他经济政策职权保留给成员国,不过这些政策要在不同程度上受到有关多层次管理和政策协调的约束性规则的制约。协调形式最强的是已经形成统一政策的领域,包括竞争政策、货币政策和汇率政策;其次是属于密切协调的政策领域,包括财政政策和结构政策;再次是协调形式相对较弱的政策领域,包括劳动力市场政策、产品和资本市场政策、工资政策等。协调结构的核心是广泛经济政策指导方针,具体的执行程序包括在执行财政政策方面的稳定与增长公约、关于劳动力市场的就业指导方针(卢森堡进程)、关于产品和资本市场的经济改革报告(卡迪夫进程)、有关工资增长的宏观经济对话(科隆进程)。  相似文献   

7.
张友国 《当代亚太》2007,(11):48-54
经济-能源-环境政策协调机制的建立是当前各国可持续发展面临的一个关键问题.日本和韩国是先行进入发达国家行列的两个亚洲国家,与欧美发达国家相比,两国在经济-能源-环境政策协调机制方面的一些经验教训对中国更具有借鉴意义.本文认为,日本和韩国的经济-能源-环境政策协调机制主要包括重视产业结构调整、技术创新、政策措施落实和民众参与等四方面.此外,日韩两国在经济-能源-环境政策协调机制方面存在的一些重要缺陷,例如对消费领域的忽视,也同样需要引起中国的重视.  相似文献   

8.
9.
美国残疾人就业政策的变迁   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
美国近百年的残疾人就业政策经历了以治疗残疾为特征的生存保障阶段,以强化职业康复和建设基础设施为特征的社会融合阶段、以消除就业歧视和完善工作场所为特征的权利扩展阶段以及以扩展自由和发挥潜能的潜能发展阶段.美国残疾人就业政策的变迁过程反映了不同时代总体物质生活条件和社会观念的内在关系及其对残疾人就业政策的影响.本文通过对美国残疾人各个阶段就业政策及效果的评述,结合新世纪美国社会经济发展形势对美国未来就业政策进行了展望.在新世纪,进一步扩展残疾人的就业权利,创造更好的无障碍社会生活环境与工作场所环境,充分有效地挖掘残疾人人力资源的创造潜力.将是美国政府未来的残疾人就业政策的发展趋势.  相似文献   

10.
日本东南亚政策调整演变中的大国因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
战后50多年来,在日本东南亚政策的制定和实施的过程中,美国因素的影响和作用可以说是主导性的,尤其是在冷战时期表现得尤为突出.中国的影响则是问接的,主要反映在冷战结束后,中国与东盟国家关系的发展在很大程度上成为日本东南亚政策调整的一大诱因.  相似文献   

11.
From 1930 to 1960, Brazil adopted a pattern of economic policy marked by strong state intervention, high levels of protectionism, disregard of exports and a permissive treatment of inflation. These policies distorted the model of industrialisation and had a negative impact on the prospects for economic development. This article employs a historical institutionalist approach to investigate how the international context, the ideology of the policymakers, the role of the technocrats and the pressures of various social groups, especially the industrialists, influenced decisions on economic policy, contributing to the consolidation of the pattern described above.  相似文献   

12.
日本人口出生率的不断下降和老年人口的不断增加,使公共年金制度的可持续发展遇到巨大挑战。为此,日本政府想通过提高消费税来增加公共年金收入,维持其收支平衡。本文从公共年金的需求弹性特点出发,研究了日本提高消费税的必要性和可行性等,并得出了启示。  相似文献   

13.
    
ABSTRACT

Despite many initial similarities, Latvia and Poland represent two opposite extremes in terms of practical and theoretical approaches to the economic crisis. The Polish government applied a ‘pragmatic’ approach to fight the recession, based on expansionary fiscal policies and currency devaluation. Conversely, the Latvian administration opted for the Austerity and internal devaluation strategy. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to analyze, from the perspective of political economy, the strategies chosen for the economic crisis management and their effects in Latvia and Poland, in light of the main EU narratives about its causes and responses. The research contends that the economic performance of both countries during the crisis was due to their respective economic structures. On the one hand, Poland is a bigger, more diversified and industrialized economy, with fewer channels of vulnerability and could apply expansionary policies effectively. On the contrary, the economic model established in Latvia generated a high exposure to external shocks, in particular, with a double vulnerability in the banking sector. In this context, due to internal and external motives, the Latvian government decided to apply the austerity and internal devaluation strategy, worsening the economic decline and the subsequent recovery.  相似文献   

14.
This paper argues that the 2008 economic crisis was particularly deep in Estonia and Iceland because non-corporatist neo-liberal political features were essential endogenous factors deepening it. A lack of corporatist features also formed the basis for responses to the crisis and the political aftermath in both cases. Furthermore, the paper argues that adding new institutionalist aspects to the corporatist model – in particular the juxtaposition of compound and simple polities – helps deepen our understanding of political dynamics in societies that lack clear-cut corporatist features. It makes a big difference whether or not a country enters the neo-liberal era with an already corporatist set of structures.  相似文献   

15.
普京开启总统第四任期以来,俄罗斯面临政治稳定的挑战与经济增长的压力。2019年,在政治领域,普京直面政权党统一俄罗斯党在2018年地方选举中受挫的现实和普京民意趋势走低的挑战,在治国理念上从官方层面倡导普京主义,并坚决抵制西方政治干预,确保在2019年地方选举中基本完成预定目标,维持了政治稳定的局面。在经济领域,面对经济停滞不前和民生水平下滑引发民心思变的社会情绪,普京治下的俄罗斯曾寄希望于突破性发展战略的有效推进,但由于经济结构、投资水平、劳动力人口等因素的影响,俄罗斯的经济发展成效有限。在外交领域,着眼于国家利益,俄罗斯对外政策的主要目标依然是深化欧亚地区一体化进程,管控与西方矛盾,采取了一系列积极外交举措。2019年,中俄关系继续向好,稳中有进,中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系进入新时代。总体看,俄罗斯国家特质呈现动态均衡性的特点,但发展面临的挑战依然存在。  相似文献   

16.
    
Abstract

This article ascertains the underlying causes of the persistence of unsustainable settlement patterns and trends in post-apartheid South Africa. Despite positive development planning policy intentions in the post-apartheid South Africa, glaring deprivation and spatial inequality has persisted. The article is grounded in a chronological analysis of demographic, functional and regional economic dynamics at the different epochs of South Africa's history as well as the settlement policy and planning intentions. Its main finding is that the persistence of unsustainable settlement patterns and trends in post-apartheid South Africa is largely a result of misplaced settlement policies and strategies. They give knee-jerk responses to global, regional, national and local dynamics shaping settlement patterns and trends. The recommendation is that development planning initiatives should be informed by the dialectics of settlement facets at local, regional, national and global levels for them to deal decisively with the historical problem of unsustainable patterns and trends.  相似文献   

17.
"走出去"--到缅甸做生意   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1988年9月缅甸政府全面对外开放,使缅甸与周边国家的经贸关系得到全面发展.1997年东南亚金融危机爆发后,东盟国家对缅甸的影响有所减弱.中国加入WTO特别是江泽民主席访问缅甸后,更有利于中国企业到缅甸去投资.2002年9月8日-11日,国家外经贸部举办第六届中国投资贸易洽谈会,其间举行了"走出去"研讨会,缅甸是唯一被列入讨论的东南亚国家.这说明国家外经贸部对缅甸市场的重视.  相似文献   

18.
Jaewoo Choo 《East Asia》2005,22(4):39-58
During 2003 and 2004, after having successfully hosted two six-party talks and a round of working-group level meetings on the North Korean nuclear crisis, China pushed to institutionalize the talks. Such an initiative coming from China was a shock to the world, since it has long maintained a passive, negative and defensive posture against multilateral cooperative security arrangements. This article declares that China's idea to utilize the six-party talks as a steppingstone toward a multilateral cooperative security arrangement is premature. It argues that the first priority is to address the failure of the 1994 Agreed Framework with North Korea—what was, then, believed to be the solution for the North Korean nuclear crisis. This article dissects the failure and identifies one critical factor for the viability of any future peaceful resolution—the economic sanctions that the US has placed against North Korea for the past half-century. The authors argues that if the issue of sanctions is not addressed, the current six-party talks will not be successful.  相似文献   

19.
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) seeks to deepen economic integration among its members through the SADC free trade area that came into effect in January 2008. The thrust for a progressive reduction of tariff and no-tariff barriers, which the market integration model emphasises, has serious implications for the impact of transport and communication systems on economic integration and development within SADC.

Transport and communications systems have an important bearing on economic integration and development because they can be significant non-tariff barriers. The SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology is the instrument through which transport and communications constraints are to be addressed. Through this protocol, some institutions have been established and others proposed to ensure that projects designed to deepen economic integration and development are implemented effectively.

The neo-functional integration approach is a relevant theoretical framework for analysing transport and communications issues and for implementing joint sectoral projects in areas that impact on overcoming development-related deficiencies in production and infrastructure. Transport and communications fall in this category of projects and the SADC region has benefited from functional co-operation in this sector.

As integration proceeds, polarisation of industries could occur, raising concerns about the distributional effects of economic integration as this affects development. However, polarisation is not inevitable: it depends on transport costs. This might seriously address transport and communications constraints because, if these are greatly reduced and eventually removed, weaker SADC countries need not lose industries to the core with the SADC Free Trade Area in place.  相似文献   


20.
2019年,中国经济外交在严峻的国际经济环境中负重前行,取得了一系列进展。首先,以建设性姿态与美国展开经贸谈判,最终在年底达成中美第一阶段贸易协议,避免了中美经贸关系的进一步恶化。其次,积极加大对欧洲、日本、俄罗斯以及东南亚等主要经济体的经济外交,推动国际经济合作,力促RCEP完成谈判。这些努力在一定程度上化解了中美贸易战带来的负面影响。第三,中国的"带路"外交进入机制化建设的新阶段,尤其是新建立的"一带一路"新闻与智库交流机制得到各方积极响应。展望2020年,中美经贸关系依然错综复杂,WTO改革压力重重,欧洲和日本等主要经济体对中国的疑虑可能会进一步发酵,中国经济外交依旧充满挑战。  相似文献   

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