完善我国反向假冒商标的立法思考

反向假冒商标是指未经商标权人许可,消除他人的商标而将自己的商标用于他人的商品或服务上进行销售的行为。本文通过对反向假冒行为侵权性、商标权的分析及权利用尽原则的思考,论述了反向假冒行为属于侵害商标权的行为,同时应该完善我国反向假冒商标方面的立法。     

商标反向假冒行为及其法律规制

商标反向假冒行为在我国一经出现即引起经济学界及法学界的广泛关注,并引发了关于商标反向假冒行为的激烈讨论。本文着重分析并评价商标反向假冒行为的各项基础性问题,并试图提出自己的见解。一、商标反向假冒行为的表现形式、危害及规制之必要性商标反向假冒行为是指未经商标权利人的许可,将其使用在商品上的商标去除后换上自己的商标,将他人的商品冒充自己的商品出售或拟出售,以牟取不正当利益的行为。根据对商品变更程度的不同,商标反向假冒行为的表现形式呈现以下两种:整体反向假冒,即保持所涉及商品的原样,对其本身不做任何变更,而只是…     

反向假冒的经济分析及立法建议

一、“反向假冒”的行为表现 商标假冒,指未经商标权人许可而使用他人商标来标识自己的商品或服务,是一种形式简单的商标侵权行为。而反过来,未经许可而撤换他人注册商标,以使消费者对产品服务来源,对生产者、提供者产生误认,这种行为就是“反向假冒”行为。相对于商标假冒行为,反向假冒更为隐蔽,造成的危害也更大。以下通过国内有关商标反向假冒侵权的案例“枫叶”诉“鳄鱼”案和“灯塔”案来说明反向假冒行为的表现形式。     

浅论反向假冒商标行为

反向假冒商标行为是指在他人生产的商品上擅自使用自己商标的行为。即未经他人许可 ,在自己所有的他人生产的商品上使用自己商标的行为。反向假冒商标行为与假冒商标行为 ,在行为主体、行为人主观态度、行为对象、行为内容、行为后果诸方面都有所不同。反向假冒商标行为不构成商标侵权 ,属商标滥用和欺诈消费者的不正当竞争行为。我国对这一行为的法律调整尚缺乏力度 ,应在修改《反不正当竞争法》时予以明确规定。本文试对反向假冒商标行为的概念、特征、性质及法律对策作些初步分析 ,以期对我国立法完善尽微薄之力。     

试论商标反向假冒行为的违法性

商标反向假冒是一种较一般商标假冒行为更为隐蔽、更具欺骗性的侵犯商标专用权的行为,如果说在商标法修订前,尚存在对反向假冒行为是否侵犯商标权的争议的话,那么随着新商标法的公布和实施,有关争论已经尘埃落定.     

再析商标反向假冒

商标反向假冒是随着商品市场竞争的日益激烈而产生的,这一行为既侵犯了商标权人的商标专有权,扰乱了市场秩序,同时也侵害消费者的知情权。本文从商标反向假冒的涵义和认定要件为切入点,廓清了与反向假冒相关联的两个概念,最后就完善我国商标法规制商标反向假冒行为提出了立法建议。     

“入世”后我国商标犯罪的立法完善

清除与ＷＴＯ规则相冲突的有关法律,制定并完善与ＷＴＯ规则相适应的法律,是目前我国立法的重要任务之一。我国刑法在对商标的保护对象、关于假冒注册商标罪的行为范围以及关于其它商标犯罪的规定等方面均有待完善。应该扩大假冒注册商标罪的行为范围、增设反向假冒商标罪并将假冒注册服务商标行为明文规定为犯罪。     

浅议商标反向假冒与商标权用尽原则

商标反向假冒行为一直以来争议不断,商标权用尽原则是防止商标权人滥用商标权的重要原则,文章分析了商标权用尽原则及商标反向假冒行为的含义,对两者的关系进行了探讨,认为不能以商标权用尽原则否定商标反向假冒行为的侵权性。     

反向假冒商标行为法律研究

反向假冒商标行为是指在他人的商品上擅自使用自己商标的行为。即未经他人许可,在自己所有的他人生产的商品上使用自己商标的行为。反向假冒商标行为与假冒商标行为,在行为主体、行为人主观、行为对象、行为内容、行为后果诸方面都有所不同。反向假冒商标行为不构成商标侵权,属商标滥用和欺诈消费者行为。对这一行为的法律调整尚缺乏力度,应在修改《反不正当竞争法》时予以明确规定。     

关于新《商标法》反向假冒规定的扩张解释

反向假冒(Reversepassingoff)是相对于正向假冒(passingoff)而言的。正向假冒是在自己的商品上冒用他人的商标,反向假冒则恰恰相反,是用自己的商标而冒用他人的商品。新修正的《中华人民共和国商标法》(以下简称《商标法》)首次以立法的形式对“反向假冒”行为进行规制,规定“未经商标注册人同意,更换其注册商标并将该更换商标的商品又投入市场的”,属于侵犯注册商标专用权的行为。尽管理论界对将“反向假冒”的法律性质定性为“商标侵权”是否合适尚存争议,但是这一立法修正至少弥补了我国法律此前在规制“反向假冒”行为方面的空白,避免…     

Article 81 Defence struck out in 'legitimate reasons' infringement action

In an action for trade mark infringement under s 12(2) TradeMarks Act 1994 to prevent the removal of label information andswing tags from premium brand clothing an Article 81 defencepleading hard-core anti-competitive covenants between the proprietorand his distributors was struck out for lack of nexus.     

Sealing the cracks: a proposal to update the anti-cybersquatting regime to combat advertising-based cybersquatting

Legal context: Recent years have seen a resurgence in the practice of cybersquatting,and in particular cybersquatting that monetizes domain namesthrough pay-per-click advertisements. Existing statutory andadministrative anti-cybersquatting tools were not designed tocope with the advertising-based model of cybersquatting. Asa result, brand owners lack effective tools to combat moderncybersquatting. Key points: (1) Where cybersquatters originally monetized their domain nameportfolios by ransoming small numbers of domain names to brandowners, they now use pay-per-click advertisements spread overmassive portfolios. Technological advances in the domain namesystem will continue to increase the opportunities for cybersquattersto expand these portfolios. (2) Existing statutory and administrativeanti-cybersquatting tools are out-dated and ineffective. TheUniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Process is procedurallyincapable of coping with large portfolios of infringing domainnames and substantively out of sync with national IP laws. Traditionallitigation is too expensive and inefficient to offer a workablesolution for brand owners. (3) Both administrative and legalremedies for cybersquatting have inherent flaws that cannotpractically be remedied. A new anti-cybersquatting regime musttherefore allow them to work together. The UDRP should be procedurallyupdated to allow limited discovery and facilitate large-scalecases, and an optional choice of law clause should be introducedto bring UDRP panel decisions more in line with national IPlaws. Likewise, those laws should be revised to give explicitdeference to UDRP decisions in litigation arising from the samefacts as the UDRP action. Practical significance: Cybersquatting can injure a mark's distinctiveness and onlinerecognition, and contextual advertisements can divert customersfrom the targeted brand's website. If anti-cybersquatting toolsdo not keep pace with cybersquatters' strategies, these problemswill make it increasingly difficult for brand owners and customersto connect in the domain name system. The proposed revisionsto the anti-cybersquatting regime will enable brand owners toprotect their domain names more efficiently and to deter cybersquatters.     

Arts Organizations and Branding: Creating a New Joint Brand for Three Arts Organizations

This article investigates brand architecture by analyzing stakeholder perceptions of brand images when a new joint brand is created for the existing brands of three arts organizations. The theoretical framework is based on previous literature on brand architecture and brand image. The empirical study is based on a quantitative, 418-respondent survey among stakeholders of these three arts organizations. The study makes two major theoretical contributions. First, the results show that the new joint brand can be endorsed by the existing sub-brands, contrary to brand-architecture literature. Second, even in the case of a new brand, stakeholders perceive the functional attributes as important.     

目的地品牌化国外文献综述

由于经济全球化和地区经济竞争的加剧,在世界范围内兴起目的地品牌化。国外关于目的地品牌的理论研究已有所成就。本人在收集国外相关研究文献的基础上,对国外目的地品牌化研究的内涵、起源,目的地品牌化的管理、研究不足方面存在的以及未来的发展方向等进行了系统的分析和评述,以期为我国区域品牌的研究及其实践提供参考和借鉴。     

松原市品牌农业建设的可行性分析和对策

处于发展起步阶段的松原市品牌农业建设呈现出较强的发展势头和潜力.本文对品牌农业的相关理论和发展规律进行了探讨,在大量调研的基础上,对当前松原市品牌农业建设进行了全面、科学的分析,提出了推进松原品牌农业建设的对策.     

高介入度市场品牌资产构成要素对顾客重购意愿的影响研究

研究品牌资产构成要素对顾客重复购买意愿的影响可以发现，不同品牌的资产维度影响顾客重购意愿的方式与路径各不相同。从高介入度市场着手，通过对高介入度产品笔记本和手机的市场调查和相关数据分析，结果发现，在高介入度市场的品牌资产构成要素中，品牌认知、感知价值是直接影响顾客重购意愿的品牌资产关键维度，而品牌形象、感知质量和品牌独特性则通过品牌认知、感知价值间接影响顾客的重购意愿。     

Some factors in police discretion and decision making

This is a study of the exercise of police discretion as indicated by the responses of police recruits to a series of ambiguous, but common incidents. The situations are ambiguous in that they do not call for a clear course of action. The study measures the influence on the use of discretion of certain factors characterizing the police officers and the incidents themselves. The key finding is that the recruits most often seem to impose their own brand of justice based upon their judgement of what the community's expectations of the appropriate police response are. This judgement is most influenced by the accumulation of experience or “street wisdom”.     

Restitution, Rectification, and Mitigation: Negligent Solicitors and Wills, Again

A solicitor, when drafting a will, can owe a duty of care in tort to the intended beneficiary of a bequest under that will. The Court of Appeal has recently confirmed that where a solicitor has misdrafted the will, the intended beneficiary can sometimes rectify it, and recover the intended gift. The pattern of this rectification is restitutionary, raising the question analysed in this article of whether an intended beneficiary can have a direct personal action in restitution to reverse the unjust enrichment of an unintended recipient. It seems that, though fraught, such an action may indeed in principle lie.     

Creating the Living Brand

This article appeared in a column headed ‘Best Practice’and focuses on an aspect of brand loyalty rarely written about:how to inspire and maintain brand loyalty among the employeesof the brand owner. It advances the idea that if those employees     

Parallel imports: the never-ending saga on repackaging and use of trade marks may finally be ending ... and not before time

In an Opinion by the Advocate General, several ghosts finallyhave been put to rest in a ferocious 30-year jockeying for positionbetween brand owners and European importers over the abilityof importers to replace existing brand owner trade marks withthe importer's own brand names (ie repackaging) for purposesof the European market harmonization.