文化全球化解读

人们对文化全球化的理解存在着很大的差异。一元主义者认为文化全球化是文化一元化,多元主义者则把文化全球化看成是不同文化间的互动。我们认为,文化全球化并不意味着一种文化能够消融世界上的其它多种文化而取得王者至尊的地位,或者不同的文化会自觉放弃自身的生存空间而最终相互融合成一种单一的文化。相反,文化全球化意味着多元文化并存、交流、对话和沟通机会的增加,意味着由所有文化交响与合奏构建的文化百花园的出现。     

全球化背景下的“文化全球化”初探

全球化是世界各个国家和民族之间相互交流与合作不断增加、相互依赖性不断增强的历史过程。而文化全球化亦是大势所趋。一国文化具有鲜明的民族性。它是一个民族区别于另外一个民族的特征,亦是一国屹立于世界民族之林的根基。全球化进程将加快我国民族文化的多元化发展。中国要在保持民族文化相对独立性的前提下,推动文化更新和融合。因此,在提升文化的世界性的同时确保其民族性具有重要的意义。     

文化全球化对我国文化建设的影响及应对对策

在经济全球化迅速发展的进程中,文化全球化的趋势可谓势不可挡。文化全球化给我国的文化建设带来了双重影响,既为我国文化发展带来机遇的同时也带来了严峻的挑战。在全球化背景下,我国采取何种对策建设既有中华民族特色又能够应对文化全球化挑战的先进文化,成为一个重要的课题。     

全球化的文化内涵与文化殖民主义

全球化的文化发展表现为共性与个性、统一性与多样性、普遍性与特殊性、民族性与世界性的对立统一。文化殖民主义是指强势文化凭借其经济、政治、军事和传媒等优势,向弱势文化推销自己的经济理念、政治价值、文化观念等的一种不平等的国际文化交流现象。文化殖民主义并非全球化的文化陷阱,但全球文化的普遍性发展有利于推行文化殖民主义。     

全球化：文化认同与文化冲突

全球化作为一种取代现代化的新的社会发展与变化范式,必然引发全社会各个领域深刻的变动。从化的角度关注全球化进程,其意义在于,在全球化语境中,人们需要化来为自己的行为、心理、精神予以定位并为之确立一个新的阶值尺度和标准,换言之,从化的角度观照全球化,或在全球化语境中审视化,根本在于为人类自身寻求一个安身立命之所。     

文化全球化与中国传统文化的抉择

文化全球化是21世纪人类文化发展的总趋势。文化全球化强调文化在多元基础上对话和交流机制,它突出文化的开放性。文化全球化使中华传统文化面临挑战和抉择。主要表现为文化全球化与中华传统文化的冲突,理性至上与传统思维方式的矛盾,本土化、现代化对传统价值观的冲击。只有正视这些冲突才能实现中华文化与世界主流文化的融合,利用文化全球化的历史机遇,实现文化的民族性、时代性和世界性的有机统一。     

论文化软实力形成发展的全球化依据

全球化时代,文化问题日益凸显。国家之间的博弈方式发生倾斜,文化开始作为一种独立的"软力量"登上国际舞台。文化软实力即是形成于这种背景下的文化竞争力和认同力。强弱势文化的存在导致了全球化时代文化落差的出现,这种文化的落差致使文化软实力呈现出高低不同的态势,即为衡量文化软实力发展的一般性依据。文化软实力作为一种新的文化范式,不仅表现为各文化体之间的竞争,更是全球性共同生活的文化表达,是全球化文化整合过程中解决共同问题的一种文化诉求,即为文化软实力发展的本质性依据。     

关于“文化全球化”的思考

全球化加快了不同国家和民族之间文化的交流和交融,但并没有改变多元文化并存这一世界文化发展的客观趋势。美国等西方国家以"文化全球化"为名进行文化扩张,宣扬未来世界各个国家、各个民族的文化都将消失在单一的"全球化"文化中,其实质是推行文化帝国主义。在全球化背景下保持文化的多元性与保持民族的独立性密切相关。中国要在保持民族文化的"根"和"魂"的前提下,进行文化更新和融合。     

经济全球化对我国文化安全的影响

经济全球化是时代的趋势,经济全球化是一把双刃剑;国家安全不仅仅包括传统的领土、军事,还包括文化安全;文化的入侵和文明的竞争,是文化安全的两种隐患。     

经济全球化的文化思考

经济全球化进程引发了世界范围内经济利益格局深刻调整的同时,反映到政治和文化层面,霸权主义使不同文化产生矛盾和冲突,进而危害着人类文明的缔造。人类文化精神的形成取决于各个民族的全球文明意识,取决于关系到全球化中的主要矛盾和冲突的化解。针对西方文化霸权,中国必须建设一种立足现实,继承历史文化优秀传统,吸收其他民族文化有益成果的先进文化,并与人类文化精神走向具有高度一致,以促进全球化的积极健康发展。     

Building service-oriented government in the theory of good governance under globalization

In order to adapt the increasing need of globalization and domestic social reform, constructing the service-oriented government becomes the best way to reform our government. It becomes an urgent problem to construct the service-oriented government in the concept of good governance under globalization and realize the transformation of our government administrative model from ＂taking the government as standard＂ to ＂taking people as standard＂. This article is to clear about the role localization in constructing the service-oriented government through discussing the value of good governance idea, investigating how to construct the service-oriented government under realistic national condition and the concept of global good governance, and analysis on the service-oriented government construction.     

China in the era of globalization: the emergence of the discourse on economic security

Abstract

This article looks at the Chinese debate on economic security during the period between 1997 and 2004. The contemporary concept of economic security (jingji anquan, 经济安全) was first raised in the Chinese academic literature in 1997, partly as a reaction to the Asian financial crisis and partly due to the increasing role China began to play in globalization, the effects of which it increasingly felt as its economy became more integrated with that of the world. This article examines the emergence of the discourse on economic security within Chinese academic circles, and identifies the development of this concept in China between 1997 and 2004 prior to the ascendancy of the ‘fourth-generation’ leadership.     

The impact of globalization on the composition of government expenditures: Evidence from panel data

According to the disciplining hypothesis, globalization restrains governments by inducing increased budgetary pressure. As a consequence, governments may attempt to curtail the welfare state, which is often seen as a drag on international competitiveness, by reducing especially their expenditures on transfers and subsidies. This globalization-induced welfare state retrenchment is potentially mitigated by citizens’ preferences to be compensated for the risks of globalization (“compensation hypothesis”). Employing two different datasets and various measures of globalization, we analyze whether globalization has indeed influenced the composition of government expenditures. For a sample of 60 countries, we examine the development of four broad expenditure categories for the period 1971–2001: capital expenditures, expenditures for goods and services, interest payments, and subsidies and other current transfers. A second dataset provides a much more detailed classification: public expenditures, expenditures for defence, order, economic affairs, environment, housing, health, recreation, education, and social expenditures. However, this second data set is only available since 1990—and only for OECD countries. Our results show that globalization did not influence the composition of government expenditures in a notable way.     

The impact of the conflict in Gaza on antisemitism in Belgium

ABSTRACT

Taking Belgium as a case study, this article aims to assess the impact of a foreign conflict (the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Gaza Strip) on intergroup relations in Europe. It asks whether intensification of the conflict in Gaza increases the number of antisemitic incidents in Belgium, and makes use of a database of complaints to the Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor racismebestrijding (Center of Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism), a federal anti-racism agency, and of an analysis of political claims-making in the written press. It is often stated that the conflict between Palestine and Israel leads to increased levels of antisemitism in Europe but rarely is this based on statistical analysis. The authors of this article undertook such an analysis and concluded that complaints about antisemitism in Belgium indeed showed a statistically significant increase during the Israeli military operation Cast Lead (December 2008–January 2009). Time series and intervention analysis on data spanning a period of one-and-a-half years, however, showed that this effect was not lasting and wore off after a couple of weeks. Apart from the temporary effect of the Gaza war on domestic intergroup relations, there seemed to be no systematic and continuous link between events in the Middle East and acts of antisemitism in Belgium.     

当前世界范围内反全球化运动的基本特征

反全球化与全球化一起将是21世纪长期并存的重要内容.本文总结当前世界范围内反全球化运动的原因、主体、活动状况与分布、影响及趋势等,对其基本特点加以概括,以便进一步了解反全球化运动,推进其健康发展.     

Pockets of resistance to globalization: the case of the Lega Nord

ABSTRACT

From its inception, the Lega Nord has been a populist social and political movement obsessed with the Other. In the world-view of the Lega Nord, the Other is anything that threatens the cultural and regional identity of Italians in the northern part of the country, particularly the Northeast. In the early 1990s the Other was constituted by corrupt politicians in Rome, Italian economic monopolies and southern Italians. By the late 1990s the Other had increasingly become the forces of globalization that, according to the Lega leadership's shrill arguments, threatened the economic and social fabric of what the party now refers to as ‘Padania’. Woods explores the manner in which anti-globalization became the dominant ideological Other in the rhetoric of the Lega Nord.     

经济演进趋势下的文化产业发展研究——以台湾台南为基础的分析与比较

地区文化建设与文化产业发展实力的累积,除了能促成人文与经济产业成长、培养地区的相对竞争优势外,还有利地方发展资源配置,是兼具文化、经济以及地方总体发展意涵的前瞻性产业发展政策规划.台南市是台湾历史最悠久的都市,拥有丰富的历史文化资产.然而,随着时空背景的转变,逐渐走向以科技产业为主的工业社会,曾经繁盛一时的府城地区,已丧失其原有的首府之地位,取而代之的是一个缺乏动力、丧失竞争力的城市.经由系列性活动的举办,台南市虽塑造出有别于以往的古老城市风貌,然在地方文化产业发展与地区文化营销过程中,却少见经由政策面的产业发展课题着手,进行文化产业基础的比较与分析,这对确实厘清地方文化产业发展盲点、促进地区资源适切配置,形成相当程度局限.本研究通过台湾地区区位商数分析(Locational Quotient, L.Q.),将台南市与台北市、台中市以及高雄市地方文化产业发展条件进行现况比较,为避免文化产业发展政策推展进程中,产生解决错误政策问题的第三类型错误困境提供了借鉴,并有益于地方发展资源的较适切配置.     

National Institutions and the Globalized Political Economy of Technological Change: An Introduction

In the last three decades research across the social sciences has made great advances in the political economy of technological change. Nonetheless, many of these insights are solely tied to national, sometimes regional, explanations of industrial R&D and innovation rates. Meanwhile, the impacts of the international system, and of the actions of individual countries, on technological changes across many countries, are increasingly more pronounced. It is therefore imperative that we expand our theoretical conceptualizations. For these reasons we have gathered, in this special issue, economists, political scientists, geographers, and sociologists to explore in a comparative way what we view as some of the critical areas for research at two different level of analysis—business and nations. This introduction will outline their major research themes and provide a brief history of the debate.     

经济全球化和信息化对可持续发展的影响

经济全球化和信息化通过优化资源配置、提高资源利用效益、转变经济增长方式,为可持续发展提供了必要的条件;经济全球化和信息化标志着可持续发展进入了以人为本的时代;为确保"十五"期间,乃至今后更长时期内的可持续发展,要抓住经济全球化和信息化机遇,切实重视科技创新,形成经济发展和生态环境保护的良性循环.