杜威《儿童与课程》中的教育哲学问题探析

杜威在其《儿童与课程》中,将其教育哲学落实于课程理论。杜威认为,儿童的生长需要是教育的出发点,儿童的心理规律是课程的依据,儿童的主动活动是课程实施的方法,儿童经验的增长是课程的最终目标,所以教育的各种措施都应围绕儿童这个中心。类似的精彩的教育哲学观念不一而足。杜威《儿童与课程》的问世,距今已有115年,但其中的思想对于当前的教育改革、课程改革以及教育学建设,依然具有重要的现实意义。     

第二专业《刑法学》课程教学初探

第二专业《刑法学》课程的教学有自身的特点。主要体现在教学目的和要求、课程教学的基本内容和具体内容、教学方式等方面。要求必须明确《刑法学》作为第二专业培养的目标,熟悉其教学自身的特点,对具体的教学内容进行必要的取舍,并且选择合适的教学方法。     

《孙子兵法》对部队管理的启示

孙子兵法开篇:"兵者国之大事、生死之地、存亡之道,不可不察。"如何进行考察呢?"故经之以五事,校之以计,而索其情:一曰道,二曰天,三曰地,四曰将,五曰法。"五个基本要素:道,天时,地利,将领,法制。其中的将、法之道对现代部队管理有着重要的启示。     

英国《金融服务法》对我国《保险法》修改的启示

最近十年间英国金融业有了很大的发展，其中一个重要表现是银行保险（bancassurance)的大发展。这主要得益于相关法律的调整。其中一部是1986年出台的《金融服务法》(Financial Services Act，简称FSA)，另一部是同年出台的《房屋互助协会法》(Building Societies Act简称BSA)。本文仅就《金融服务法》所确立的行业原则作以分析，这对我国《保险法》的修改有着重要的现实意义。     

《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》编制说明

2013年8月30日,《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》经最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、国家安全部、司法部联合发布,并将于2014年1月1日起正式实施。人体损伤程度的准确鉴定,关系到涉及人身伤害刑事案件的准确处理。因此,新标准的发布、实施是我国司法界,尤其是法医学司法鉴定领域的一件大事。根据司法部的统一部署,目前全体法医临床司法鉴定人正在努力学习和熟悉新标准。在此重要时刻,本刊邀请部分起草人重点介绍新标准研制的基本思路、新标准与现行标准的主要差异,以及伤病关系鉴定等问题。旨在帮助司法鉴定人与法律工作者准确理解和应用新标准。     

重温《土地管理法》的全面修订

1998年8月29日,一个珍藏在笔者心中的特殊日子。就是在这个日子裹,全面修订的《土地管理法》（修订草案）在全国人大常委会第三次审议时,以零票反对获得通过。13年来,伴随着经济社会的不断发展和工业化城市化的快速推进,这部法律所确立的土地用途管制制度得到了全社会的广泛认同,     

泰国《全民健康保障法》及其对我国医疗保障立法的启示

泰国《全民健康保障法》为我国的医疗保障改革提供了可参考的样本.该法立足于泰国社会经济发展的现状,为所有国民提供了普遍的免费医疗保障.该法所建立的全民健康保险计划以一般税收作为资金来源,通过医疗资金管理者和医疗服务提供者的分离,以及按人头付费的方式,控制医疗成本.该法满足了全民的健康需求,提高了医疗服务的可获得性,促进了健康权利保障的平等性,保障了国民避免因病致贫的权利.我国的医疗保障改革应以公共税收作为全民医保的主要经费来源,以无差别的全民医保保障医疗权利的平等性,同时必须特别关注弱势群体的需求.     

美、德新型惩罚性赔偿对我国《消法》修订的启示

以大陆法系划分公法与私法的观念来看,国内外原有的惩罚性赔偿实为私法社会化属性的责任。近年来,美国、德国惩罚性赔偿制度有了新的发展动向,出现了新型惩罚性赔偿即集体公益罚金形态,它注重直接保护消费者等集体公益,已不再为私法社会化属性的责任。正在进行的我国《消费者权益保护法》修订可从中得到重要启示。     

《边防法律基础》课程法理学部分在说课中的运用探索

本文从公安边防部队执法队伍建设入手,以说课的形式对法理学部分在《边防法律基础》课程中的地位、性质、目标进行了分析,重点对授课中的设计、方法、运用进行了积极探索。     

近30年中国英语课程设计范式变革之检讨及其现实启示

从哲学的范式理论角度来看,影响课程设计的核心因素有国家计划、社会和市场的需求、教学共同体的集体惯性和内部的变革要求以及受教育者的呼声等;本文从历时角度描述并反思近30年来影响英语课程设计范式变革的核心内生和外生变量,阐述其内生和外生变量的运作方式.课程设计范式变革对外语教育的现实启示如教育应根据市场和社会的需求对自身作适当的反思甚至调适、外语教育应和宏观教育结合起来.     

对我国公民受教育权平等实现的审视

我国对公民受教育权的平等实现保护力度不够,这种情况不利于维护我国宪法的权威和维护稳定的法制秩序,甚至会影响整个国家教育水平和全社会公民整体素质的提高,也不符合平等受教育权保护的国际化潮流。从造成这种情况大量存在的原因出发,完善宪法、宪法性法律、加强司法保护工作等是必不可少的措施,但归根结底,发展经济,增加教育投入是加强对公民受教育权保护的根本措施。     

The Relationship Between Crime Reporting and Police: Implications for the Use of Uniform Crime Reports

Empirical studies that use reported crime data to evaluate policies for reducing crime will understate the true effectiveness of these policies if crime reporting/recording behavior is also affected by the policies. For instance, when the size of the police force increases, changes in the perceived likelihood that a crime will be solved may lead a higher fraction of victimizations to be reported to the police. In this paper, three data sets are employed to measure the magnitude of this reporting bias. While each of these analyses is subject to individual criticisms, all of the approaches yield similar estimates. Reporting bias appears to be present but relatively small in magnitude: each additional officer is associated with an increase of roughly five Index crimes that previously would have gone unreported. Taking reporting bias into account makes the hiring of additional police substantially more attractive from a cost–benefit perspective but cannot explain the frequent inability of past studies to uncover a systematic negative relationship between the size of the police force and crime rates.     

China's new regulatory regime tailored for the sharing economy: The case of Uber under Chinese local government regulation in comparison to the EU,US, and the UK

Although Uber's arrival in China has resulted in disruptive competition for incumbent taxi companies, it offers an attractive alternative in China's supply-demand-imbalanced urban passenger transport system. China's regulatory regime for Uber has evolved in three stages: from the regulatory vacuum prior to 2015 to its official legalization in 2015–2016, and the enactment of numerous local regulations in 2016, with specific and more demanding requirements for Uber. This policy is a part of the Chinese approach to the gradual liberalization of the urban passenger transport market. Policymakers should consider ‘fair competition’ as the guiding principle to balance the interests of sharing firms and incumbent service providers, as well as between different sharing firms. The core value of this principle lies in the benefits it provides for consumers and the way it engenders a pro-competitive market environment. The labor protection arrangements for sharing firms’ laborers should be more flexible and diversified. In order to recognize whether an Uber-Driver is an employee or independent contractor, a new standard taking into account a range of factors should be established through collective negotiations between the participants of the sharing economy, and dialogues between members of the judiciary, academics, and the policymakers. Further, consumer protection law and personal data protection provisions should apply when sharing firms misuse their distinctive algorithmic management model to compete unfairly to the detriment of consumers and other users. Ex ante regulatory measures designed to protect the personal data of users should be introduced for deployment in the context of the sharing economy. When enforcing these rules, a balance should be struck ensuring free data flow that is essential to sharing firms’ innovation and competition, and the need to ensure the level of data security required to underpin a well-functioning sharing society.