中日两国失业问题比较分析

失业问题是一个世界现象,历来为各国政府所重视。实现充分就业一直是各国政府为 之努力的目标。众所周知,中国经济保持了十年以上的高速增长,而日本经济却持续了十年 以上的低迷。在悬殊的经济增长背景下中日两国却遇到了一个共同的难题,这就是失业率 的持续走高。本文拟对中日两国的失业现状、失业率走高的成因及两国政府的政策选择作 一比较,以加强对失业问题的认识。     

后金融危机时代俄罗斯经济转型评估

俄罗斯20年的经济转型使该国经济实现了明显的增长。但在金融危机中暴露出的问题,也显示俄罗斯经济存在着内在的结构性问题。这些内在结构性问题将长期影响俄罗斯的经济可持续增长与财政预算的安全,后金融危机时代俄罗斯经济最大的挑战就是结构改革。     

服务经济发展与长三角城市群经济一体化

浦东开发20年以来，长三角城市群经济实现了快速增长的伟大“奇迹”，但是作为中国“综合实力最强的区域”，长三角城市群的经济增长方式仍然是一种资本驱动型经济增长方式，提高全要素生产率对地区经济增长的贡献、加快服务业发展是未来长三角城市群实现经济可持续增长的决定因素。本文重点分析了长三角城市群服务经济发展的四大机遇，并提出长...     

欧盟经济政策目标的历史性分析

《欧洲联盟条约》规定经济政策同时追求稳定、增长和凝聚这三个目标,由此构成了欧盟经济模式的定义基石,确定了以稳定为导向的经济政策组合。20世纪90年代以来,欧盟在凝聚目标上取得了很大的成功,经济货币联盟的建立保证了欧洲经济的稳定目标;而增长目标的实现则乏善可陈。里斯本战略的本质就是实施经济结构改革以使得欧盟在稳定的宏观经济结构和社会凝聚的环境中享有高水平的可持续增长。虽然由于目前欧洲债务危机的影响,欧盟成员国更为关注通过经济增长走出困境,但是欧盟"三合一"的经济政策目标并没有发生本质的变化。     

开放经济下的高增长奇迹:重建后柬埔寨经济评析

和平重建后的柬埔寨在过去的20年间保持高速的经济增长。对外开放是驱动柬埔寨经济高增长奇迹的决定性因素,高美元化则在宏观经济的稳定和经济的对外融合中发挥着重要作用。但由于经济增长过程中制度供给的不足和国家治理能力的滞后,柬埔寨经济也有着明显的脆弱性。因此,柬埔寨应当致力于改善经济增长的制度性环境,才能修复经济的脆弱性,实现经济的可持续增长。     

2014年菲律宾政治、经济与外交形势回顾

2014年,菲律宾国内政治局势因为"猪肉桶案"而引发剧烈震动。众多参议员、众议员和政府高官被爆出贪腐丑闻。阿基诺因为"支出加速方案"被裁定违宪以及通过修宪以实现连任的企图而受到多方指责。经济形势在取得高速增长的同时,也面临着经济成果无法惠及普通民众以及如何实现可持续增长的困境。菲律宾将中菲南海问题提交国际仲裁的程序仍在继续。与美国、日本、越南等国关系的增强进一步刺激了菲律宾敢于继续恶化中菲关系的冲动。     

对外开放与经济增长:中国与印度的比较——后冷战以来绩效与分析框架

本文以对外开放之经济增长效应为主线,从三个视角切入对后冷战以来中国和印度经济进行了比较,以期提出一个比较研究框架。三个视野分别为经济增长绩效视角、对外开放视角,以及开放之增长效应机理视角。分析显示,两国经济在后冷战以来都经历了快速增长,虽然印度经济增速慢于中国,但其稳定性更高,人均国民收入与中国的差距要小于名义经济总量(GDP)的差距。在对外开放方面,中国外贸与引进外资绩效明显,而印度在服务业出口和服务业利用外资方面则略胜于中国。在开放与增长联系及效应机理方面,虽然可以利用主流经济学提出的模型,但具体到中国和印度,应根据各自特点进行具体化修改。     

区域治理视域下的东盟环境问题

环境问题是区域治理的重要组成部分.20世纪80年代以来,环境问题已成为影响东盟社会经济可持续发展的重要因素之一,平衡经济增长与环境的可持续性成为东盟必须认真考虑解决的问题.为应对日益恶化的环境问题,东盟建立了不少合作机制,签署了若干宣言、倡议和协定,并积极与域外国家和环境组织开展合作,然而治理成效还是有限.从东盟存在的环境问题、合作机制和面临的挑战来看,制约东盟环境治理成效的因素,既有东盟层面的,也有东盟成员国层面的.东盟的环境治理尚未摆脱以国家为核心的传统治理模式,区域间缺乏有效的协调与合作,导致治理成效不佳.其中,"东盟方式"是最大的障碍,如何突破"不干涉成员国内政"这一原则的限制,将是东盟环境合作能否取得成效的关键.东盟治理能力的缺陷和缺乏有效的危机应急管理机制、区域意识淡薄、区域合作治理意志与决心不强、集体行动迟缓,说明东盟仍只是一个松散的国家集团.因此,如何协调政治—安全、经济、社会一文化三大支柱之间的关系,实现经济与环境的可持续发展,东盟还有很长的路要走.     

韩中贸易分析与展望

在贸易商品结构方面呈现出互补关系的韩中两大贸易国 ,借着 2 0世纪 90年代初建交的机会 ,贸易规模迅速扩大 ;同时 ,韩国一直保持着贸易顺差 ,充分享受到了中国特殊的优惠。但是 ,最近中国经济的投资致力于中国产业的发展 ,这使中国商品的国际竞争力日益提高 ,而韩国商品正逐渐被排挤出国际市场。随着中国在世界经济舞台上的地位的提高 ,韩中贸易摩擦时有发生 ,这成了亟待解决的紧迫问题。现在 ,由于美国经济停滞不前 ,世界各国的经济增长急剧下降 ,惟独中国经济仍保持着 7%的高经济增长率。再加上加入WTO和北京将举办 2 0 0 8年奥运会 ,…     

外部约束与东亚经济结构转型

长久以来,东亚经济增长一直是在供求要素结构不完备的经济体系下实现的,这一内在缺陷决定了东亚需要借助外部力量才能实现经济增长。外部力量既是东亚外向型经济增长的结构基础,也是影响或控制东亚经济增长的主要制约因素。2008年全球金融危机的爆发预示着有利于东亚经济增长的外部环境发生逆转,迫使东亚开始新一轮的结构调整与转型。而此次结构调整与转型将主要通过对过去经济运行体系特别是市场要素缺失的矫正来实现,以尽可能减少外部力量对经济增长的负面影响。     

全球环境治理“领导者”的蜕变:加拿大的案例

加拿大长期以来曾是西方发达国家中积极领导全球环境治理的典范,一度也是全球气候治理的积极参与者,但是近年来却俨然蜕变为气候谈判中的"拖后腿者"。发生这种转变的原因究竟是什么?本文通过国际和国内、政治与经济多个层面的分析发现,除了美国因素以外,加拿大国内的经济形势变化和政治体制是导致其战略变化的主要原因。20世纪90年代以来,油砂大规模开发和原油出口(特别是对美国的市场依赖),导致加拿大在气候变化问题上处于比较劣势;而相关利益集团的游说,正好与加拿大松散的联邦制等制度因素相结合,导致了加拿大气候政策的转向。从这个层面上看,经济利益的变化和政治决策制度特征共同成为决定国家气候或环境战略的主要因素。在某种程度上,这一案例也反驳了发达民主国家因其制度因素必然成为全球环境保护积极支持者的命题。     

The “Greening” of China: Progress,Limitations, and Contradictions

China’s rapid economic growth in the last three decades has been fuelled by energy-intensive investment and manufacturing, which have become instrumental for China to become the world’s largest economy based on purchasing power parity, and for the United States and the European Union to have access to cheap consumer goods. China’s development strategy, however, has generated a serious domestic environmental crisis, which has also accelerated the global climate emergency. In addition, the 2008 economic crisis led to a collapse of China’s external demand, inducing the leadership to support domestic investment – including investment in environmental projects – as an alternative source of effective demand. By setting ambitious green targets and by adopting strategic policy initiatives, China has become the world’s largest investor in renewable energy. Yet China remains the world’s largest coal consumer and the world’s largest carbon dioxide emitter. The Chinese economy nears a crossroad: will it be able to maintain its commitment to green energies or will it fall back to its historical reliance on fossil fuels to sustain growth? This article evaluates the interplay between China’s economy and environment over the course of the reform period, and investigates the set of forces that impinge upon China’s ecological future.     

Greening of the Chinese mind: Environmentalism with Chinese characteristics

Due to its enormous population, spectacular economic growth, and severe environmental degradation, China's environmental impact on the country and the world is difficult to assess. Knowledge of the environmental awareness and the growth of the environmental movement in China are critical to the understanding of the country's environmental future. Firstly, this paper examines the environmental awareness of Chinese people based upon two major surveys conducted in 1998. The findings contributed to our understanding of the environmental awareness of people in the following aspects: environmental literacy, prioritization of environmental problems, environmental governance, environmental ethics, and participation in environmental protection campaigns. Secondly, the paper scrutinizes the emergence of green NGOs in China in the 1990s. Chinese green NGOs possessed particular “Chinese characteristics” which distinguished them from those in the West. To date, the Chinese government is willing to allow more political space for citizen participation in environmental protection. Increasingly, green NGOs gained support not only from international communities but also from Chinese citizens who value a clean environment. Finally, the paper argues that the emergence of green NGOs offers a breakthrough in the conventional “government-reliance” attitude towards environmental protection. If these eco-activists can target non-sensitive issues, they may make profound contributions in enhancing environmental policy implementation.     

E-Commerce and Industrial Upgrading in the Chinese Apparel Value Chain

The economic and social gains from electronic commerce (e-commerce) that promote innovation, industry upgrading and economic growth have been widely discussed. China’s successful experience with e-commerce has had a positive effect in transforming consumer-goods sectors of the economy and motivating economic reform. This article looks at how e-commerce reduces barriers to entry and enables firms to move up the value chain by using the global value chain framework to analyse the impact of e-commerce on the upgrading trajectories and governance structures of China’s apparel industry. For large Chinese brands, e-commerce has enabled end-market diversification. For small- and medium-sized enterprises, e-commerce has facilitated entry with functional upgrading as well as end-market upgrading. In the “two-sided markets” created by platform companies, the “engaged consumers” are the demand side of this market, and “e-commerce focused apparel firms” are the supply side of the new market. Consumers and platforms are more directly involved in value creation within this emerging internet-based structure.     

Taliban 2.0 and China's Counterterrorism Diplomacy in Afghanistan

The US withdrawal that left the Taliban in control of Afghanistan has created a security dilemma for China. Beijing considers its Uyghur population to be a terror threat, and it believes the Taliban are allowing the group to use Afghanistan as a refuge from which to plan attacks and transit into Central Asian neighbors. This article analyzes both the historical record and recent moves by China to explain Beijing's strategy of engaging with the Taliban and developing the Afghan economy. The study indicates that the approach has some potential benefits if, as the Chinese assume, economic growth yields stability, good governance, and a cohesive state that can combat terror groups. However, the article demonstrates that Afghan history, the Taliban's ideology, and the vicious circle of instability, economic stagnation, and further chaos are likely to subvert China's goals.     

The PRC,Taiwan, and the overseas Chinese

The rapid growth of China’s economy and its opening to the outside world have attracted a large volume of trade and investment from Hong Kong and Taiwan, creating an economic grouping with a total foreign trade in 1992 almost equal to that of Japan. The economic linkage of this “Greater China” with Southeast Asia’s overseas Chinese communities is steadily growing and will continue to do so for the rest of the decade, barring a sharp drop in the PRC’s growth rate, which seems unlikely.     

Environmental concerns as China modernizes

For the past fifteen years of reform, China has opened its doors to broad economic changes and to the outside world. The decentralization of both agricultural and industrial reforms has increased its pollution problems. China is now at an important crossroads in terms of balancing economic growth and environmental protection in its economic decision-making. The leaders have attempted to curb environmental degradation during the reform years through national policy, laws and regulations, and propaganda. However, there is still much work to be done, specifically in the implementation of the regulations. The reforms have sought to improve the people’s standard of living, which requires both economic growth and a healthy environmenta in which to live.     

本轮经济下行阶段增长与就业相背离了吗?

近年来,伴随中国经济进入下行阶段,中国经济增长由高速转向中高速,从官方公布的数据来看,总体就业形势却并未如预期那样恶化,以致有观点认为目前我国经济运行出现了“增长与就业相背离”的现象。本文试图解释“增长与就业相背离”这一现象的发生。通过利用相关数据并构造科学的方法计算中国经济下行阶段失业率,以此判断中国经济下行阶段经济增长是否与就业相背离,通过实证分析发现在本轮经济下行阶段增长与就业并没有相背离。本文的研究结论对于深刻理解中共中央关于就业优先政策具有重要现实意义。