法医昆虫学的发展及应用

<正>利用昆虫为刑事侦查提供线索，在19世纪已成为一门学科，即法医昆虫学。自20世纪80年代以来，法医昆虫学得到了迅速发展。1988年第14届国际法医学和社会医学大会上，法医昆虫学首次作为独立的分组讨论会出现；1996年国际法医学大会上第一次出现了法医昆虫学讨论会；2003年欧盟成     

广东省室内、室外及中毒死亡案件中法医昆虫学的应用报道

基于昆虫的死亡时间推断是目前最为有效和最准确的方法,本文介绍了广东省4例应用昆虫准确判断死亡时间的案例,这些案例分别发生于3月、5月和6月,现场包括室外现场和室内现场,尸体类型包括死亡不久的尸体和高度腐败的尸体,死亡原因包括钝器窒息、锐器致死、勒颈致死及过量药物中毒致死,其中过量药物中毒致死的案例由于体内含有49倍致死剂量的氯氮平从而使昆虫的发育受到严重影响进一步使得死亡时间推断时间结果比真实时间短。     

利用法医昆虫学证据推断死亡时间1例

<正>1案例1.1简要案情某年5月7日,北京市某公安局接到群众电话报警,称一出租屋有异味传出,民警和法医到达现场后发现一名女性（62岁）在家中死亡。死者上身穿蓝色外套、红色毛衣,下身着黑色裤子和黑色袜子,呈仰卧位躺在卧室的床上。经现场勘验,未发现打斗痕迹,屋内所有设施及门窗完好。     

近十年来我国现代法医昆虫学研究进展

法医昆虫学(Forensic entomology)指的是应用昆虫学知识解决法律上问题的法医学分支学科,在死后间隔时间判断,特别是腐败尸体的死后间隔时间判断等方面有著无可比拟的优越性。本文讨论了法医昆虫学的研究领域,从理论研究与实践应用两方面概述了近十年来法医昆虫学在我国的进展。     

欧洲第四届法医昆虫学大会介绍与分析

第四届欧洲法医昆虫学会在意大利巴里召开,来自17个国家的代表参加了该会议,大会共接受论文65篇,该次会议论文主要集中于利用昆虫学推断死亡时间的新方法,昆虫演替对死亡时间推断的影响、法医昆虫毒物化学、新技术的应用等方面,反映了欧洲法医昆虫学研究已达到相当高的水平并开始了应用。我国迫切需要借鉴相关的经验促进我国法医昆虫学的发展。     

利用法医昆虫学破案1例

1案例介简近年来,有关法医昆虫学在实际工作中的应用多是用于推断死亡时间、死亡地点、死亡原因等。笔者曾用来寻找人体组织,成功地破获一案件,报道如下。1999年6月8日,在某镇发生一起强奸未遂案。犯罪嫌疑人在吻受害人时被受害人将舌头咬下一块,但咬下的舌块大小及去向不知。现场位于一块已收割的麦地中(案发时未收割),已被破坏。现场勘查未提到有价值的物证,受害人也提供不出其他线索,因此寻找咬下的舌块来判断犯罪嫌疑人受伤情况以及将其作为诉讼证据成为当务之急。受害人提供的舌块可能埋在已拔麦子所带起的土壤中或犯罪嫌疑人逃跑路线…     

法医昆虫学的发展与主要成就

本文介绍了国内外法医昆虫学的发展历史和取得的主要成就，并对其今后的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

昆虫学中的“世代”一词在法医检案中的运用

利用尸体上的昆虫生活规律推断死亡时间 ,近年越来越被法医工作者及侦察人员重视 ,但由于法医昆虫学的研究还处在不完善的阶段 ,在应用中难免出现一些概念不清的问题 ,本文就昆虫世代的概念及昆虫世代运用到法医检案中存在的问题进行如下讨论 ,供同行参考。1　昆虫世代的概念昆虫的世代是指一种昆虫从卵开始经过幼虫、蛹到成虫性成熟产卵为止这整个周期称为一个世代。一年完成一个世代的昆虫称为一化性昆虫 ,一年有两个世代的称为二化性昆虫 ,一年有多个世代的称为多化性昆虫。昆虫完成一个世代各虫态所经历时间的总记载称为生活史。有的昆…     

北美、欧洲法医昆虫学学术会议综述

法医昆虫学等已在西方等发达国家普遍应用,本文简单介绍并分析了北美第一届法医昆虫学学术会议及欧洲第一届法医昆虫学学术会议及其论文情况。     

上下求索的中国法医昆虫学

死亡时间推断的研究在我国呈现出百花齐放的态势,而在利用昆虫推断死亡时间的研究方面更是如此.国际公认的关于法医昆虫学的最早记载来自我国法医鼻祖宋慈的《洗冤集录》,现代法医昆虫学在我国始于20世纪90年代,浙江大学的胡萃和中科院的周红章分别在中国南方和北方开始了法医昆虫学研究.近30年以来,国家自然科学基金委员会持续对法医...     

A forensic entomology case from the Amazon rain forest of Brazil

The first case of application of forensic entomology in the Brazilian Amazonia is described. The corpses of 26 men were found in the rainforest in Rondonia State, Brazil. Fly larvae collected on the bodies during autopsy were identified as Paralucilia fulvinota (Diptera, Calliphoridae). No data or specimens were collected at the crime scene. At the laboratory, the larvae developed into pupae in 58 h and into adults in 110.5 h. The total development time for P. fulvinota was measured in field experiments inside the forest. The age of the larvae when collected from the bodies was estimated as the difference between the time required for them to become adults and the total development time for this species. The estimated age of the maggots and the minimum postmortem interval was 5.7 days.     

Generalized additive models and Lucilia sericata growth: assessing confidence intervals and error rates in forensic entomology

Forensic entomologists use blow fly development to estimate a postmortem interval. Although accurate, fly age estimates can be imprecise for older developmental stages and no standard means of assigning confidence intervals exists. Presented here is a method for modeling growth of the forensically important blow fly Lucilia sericata, using generalized additive models (GAMs). Eighteen GAMs were created to predict the extent of juvenile fly development, encompassing developmental stage, length, weight, strain, and temperature data, collected from 2559 individuals. All measures were informative, explaining up to 92.6% of the deviance in the data, though strain and temperature exerted negligible influences. Predictions made with an independent data set allowed for a subsequent examination of error. Estimates using length and developmental stage were within 5% of true development percent during the feeding portion of the larval life cycle, while predictions for postfeeding third instars were less precise, but within expected error.     

尸源性昆虫的法医学研究进展

尸源性昆虫学是应用昆虫学知识解决有关法律问题的法医学分支学科,对死亡时间的推断。特别是腐败尸体的死后间隔时间的推断等方面具有无可比拟的优越性。本文根据国内外近期法医昆虫学方面的研究进展,阐述了尸源性昆虫的研究历史、种类和侵蚀过程,并总结了尸源性昆虫形态学及分子生物学的种属鉴定方法。及近几年来在推断死亡时间方面的具体应用。就尸源性昆虫在法医学领域内的应用及进展进行综述。     

Experimental and casework validation of ambient temperature corrections in forensic entomology

This paper expands on Archer (J Forensic Sci 49, 2004, 553), examining additional factors affecting ambient temperature correction of weather station data in forensic entomology. Sixteen hypothetical body discovery sites (BDSs) in Victoria and New South Wales (Australia), both in autumn and in summer, were compared to test whether the accuracy of correlation was affected by (i) length of correlation period; (ii) distance between BDS and weather station; and (iii) periodicity of ambient temperature measurements. The accuracy of correlations in data sets from real Victorian and NSW forensic entomology cases was also examined. Correlations increased weather data accuracy in all experiments, but significant differences in accuracy were found only between periodicity treatments. We found that a >5°C difference between average values of body in situ and correlation period weather station data was predictive of correlations that decreased the accuracy of ambient temperatures estimated using correlation. Practitioners should inspect their weather data sets for such differences.     

根据食尸性蝇类推断死亡时间的研究进展

法医昆虫学是应用昆虫学知识解决法医实践中所遇到的相关问题的一门科学。食尸性蝇类在尸体的腐败分解中发挥着重要的作用,运用食尸性蝇类的特点可以更准确进行死亡时间推断,为侦查破案提供线索。本文对依据食尸性蝇类推断死亡时间的方法进行综述,以期为后续的研究与实践应用参考和借鉴。     

Variation in Developmental Time for Geographically Distinct Populations of the Common Green Bottle Fly,Lucilia sericata (Meigen)*

Abstract: Time between death and discovery of remains, or postmortem interval (PMI), can be assessed using blow fly maggot age. Forensic entomologists rely on published, often nonlocal, species‐specific developmental tables to determine maggot age. In a series of common garden experiments, we investigated the developmental rate variation between populations of Lucilia sericata collected from Sacramento, CA, San Diego, CA, and Easton, MA at 16°C, 26°C, and 36°C. For the 16°C trial the time measurement started at egg hatch, while for the higher temperatures the experiment began at oviposition; the wandering stage signified the endpoint for all experiments. The distribution of developmental times differed significantly (ANOVA, p < 0.001) between the three populations within each temperature treatment. We discovered that regional variation of developmental times within a blow fly species exists. This study demonstrates the importance of assembling local population‐specific developmental tables when estimating larval age to determine PMI.     

Internal Morphological Analysis for Age Estimation of Blow Fly Pupae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Postmortem Interval Estimation*

Abstract: Larvae and pupae of blow fly species are frequently used in postmortem interval estimation, their age indicating minimum time since death. Most studies have considered age estimation of larvae, neglecting study of pupae. Relative development of external pupal features is useful, but there are also internal changes during metamorphosis that may be indicators of age, utilizing histological techniques. This study aimed to optimize preservation and histological analysis of blow fly pupae, specifically Calliphora vicina Robineau‐Desvoidy and Lucilia sericata (Meigen), and to examine internal features with potential for age estimation. Effect of hot‐water‐killing and different preservatives were examined. It was determined that blow fly pupae should be pierced through the three tagma, hot‐water‐killed, and preserved in 80% ethanol as the optimal preservation for subsequent analyses. Hematoxylin and eosin stained pupal sections revealed differences in brain and thoracic muscle development throughout the pupal stage with potential for age estimation.