Juvenile offenders

LL.B., Leeds University 1955; LL.M., University of Singapore 1963.     

美国少年犯监狱参观记

11岁的小男孩戴着沉重的手铐，面无表情目十分沮丧地站在牢房的铁栅栏后面，这种情景在美国很普遍，因为美国法律在处置青少年犯罪和成年人犯罪之间并没有什么大的区别。我们上海社会学界的几位同事在德国《明星周刊》记者的帮助下，     

Juvenile Female Arrests

Abstract

This paper elaborates on feminist theory using Emerson's (1983) notion of holistic effects. We propose that the processing of juvenile female status offenders may vary systematically with the level of sex crimes in a community. This hypothesis is tested using a time series analysis of monthly status arrests in a Midwestern city. Our models indicate a significant increase in female status arrests at one “intervention” point, but no changes were found for male status arrest levels. We conclude that heterogeneity of processing of female offenders within single jurisdictions is an important avenue for future theoretical and empirical exploration.     

Juvenile post-adjudication dispositions

Six socio-demographic and graphic and diagnostic and evaluation center (D&E) variables which influence juvenile post-adjudication disposition into one of two treatment modalities, group home or institution, are examined. Data employed in this study were gathered from completed case history records for 133 randomly sampled male juveniles processed over a six-month period by a department of youth services (DYS) facility in a southern state. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine statistical distinction between the two disposition groups. The discriminant analysis yielded five variables of statistical significance (p<-.001, canonical r =−40) which included a D&E behavior measure, age, number of past offenses, full scale IQ score, and seriousness of admitting offense. Eighty-one percent of all cases were correctly classified using the selected socio-demographic and D&E variables. Race was not found to be significant in the decision-making process at this level.     

少年司法制度论纲

未成年人的违法犯罪与成年人的违法犯罪有质的不同。因此,处理未成年人违法犯罪的司法制度也应与处理成年人违法犯罪的普通司法制度有所区别。为了保护未成年人的健康成长,有效预防和减少未成年人犯罪,我国应当尽快建立和完善少年司法制度。少年司法制度是否完备,是衡量一个国家法制文明发展程度的重要标志。少年法院是少年司法制度的核心;少年法,是少年司法制度的基石;少年司法处遇措施是少年司法制度的灵魂。     

Addressing Juvenile Crime

At‐risk and offending juveniles remain the most promising target group for crime reduction efforts. Many of the problems these youths faced in the 1960s remain or have intensified, and policies to address them have shifted. Yet, research on the causes, consequences, and best responses to juvenile crime has advanced considerably and provides important lessons for policy makers and practitioners moving forward. These include (a) help don't hurt; (b) provide better procedural protections; (c) continue to build, implement, and refine evidence‐based programming; (d) tailor services; (e) tackle community‐level problems; (f) really listen and work together; (g) build better data systems; and (h) invest resources in children and teens. Providing a retrospective on the 1967 U.S. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice report, I briefly summarize and update the Commission's findings on factors related to juvenile delinquency, outline the Commission's policy recommendations, review the research on policy and practice changes since the report, and consider current implications for policy and practice.     

Violence in Juvenile Institutions

This study assesses the impact of selected deprivation and importation variables on inmate violence in four juvenile correctional institutions. While both sets of variables were shown to exert independent effects on inmate aggression, variations in the institutional context mediated the impact of inmate characteristics on levels of p r i s m violence. Preinstitutional violence emerged as the best predictor of inmate aggression, regardless of institutional setting. Race was shown to affect inmate violence directly m l y in the most treatment-oriented facility, while the inmate code was found to exert effects only in the most custodial institution.     

Juvenile probation officer cynicism

This article addresses the question of cynicism among juvenile probation officers in Alabama. The findings reveal that Alabama juvenile probation officers are not as cynical as police and correctional officers have been found to be. It also reports that Alabama juvenile probation officer cynicism cannot be explained by the demographic variables of sex, length of service, and age.     

论未成年人刑事诉讼程序

未成年人刑事诉讼程序是《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》专章规定的特别程序,相对于现行刑事诉讼法更有利于保障未成年人的合法权益。但《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》的规定还需要完善,以进一步有利于对刑事诉讼中的未成年人权益的保障。应当从程序法的角度对未成年人刑事诉讼程序的原则作出特别规定;应明确肯定无罪推定原则;应增设特别帮助和保护原则;应增加规定讯问时辩护律师在场;应为刑事诉讼中的未成年人设置特别的程序法律后果。同时,关于合适成年人在场和针对未成年人的强制措施制度,也需要进一步完善。