How To Reconcile Liberal Politics with Retributive Punishment

There is a deep tension between liberalism and retributivism.On the face of it, one cannot coherently believe liberalismabout the fundamental purpose of the state and retributivismabout the basic end of legal punishment, given widely held andwell-motivated or what I call ‘standard’ conceptionsof these views. My aims in this article are to differentiatethe types of conflict between liberalism and retributivism,to identify the strongest and most problematic type of conflictbetween them, to demonstrate that existing strategies in theliterature that might be invoked to resolve this conflict fail,and to present a new, conclusive way to resolve it. The solutionlies in changing the standard conception of liberalism, whichchange, I argue, is warranted on independent grounds. Liberalism,up to now, has been conceived in a way that fails to best captureliberal intuitions. Upon improving our understanding of whatliberal purposes essentially are, it becomes clear that retributivepunishment is not merely logically consistent with them, butalso partially constitutive of them.     

教唆未遂的可罚性论争——以我国台湾刑法规定的流变为基点展开

广义的教唆未遂包括失败教唆、无效教唆以及狭义的教唆未遂,尤其在前两者的可罚性争论上,基于共犯从属性说与共犯独立性说的不同立场会得出截然相反的结论。我国台湾刑法在教唆未遂的问题上,经历了从共犯从属性说到共犯独立性说再回归共犯从属性说的流变,（限制）从属性说得到了当下台湾立法界和理论界的赞同。我国大陆刑法关于教唆未遂的规定,从实然的解释论上看,体现了共犯独立性说思想,但从应然的立法论上讲,宜向共犯从属性说靠拢。     

论认罪认罚从宽的报应刑根据——化解从宽与罪责刑相适应原则的张力

罪责刑相适应原则要求量刑时要尊重报应刑相对于预防刑的主导地位。主流观点认为认罪认罚从宽的主要根据在于预防,这与罪责刑相适应原则形成张力。对从宽根据的预防式理解仅允许较为轻微的从宽,无法为当下全面深入的制度改革提供正当性基础。将仁慈与社会和解等新因素引入从宽根据同样无法化解从宽与罪责刑相适应原则之间的冲突。将认罪认罚定位为报应刑层面的从宽情节能够支持较大的从宽幅度,但这将冲击经典报应理念。一种不同于行为报应主义和品格报应主义的生活报应主义能够在尊重现实制度和报应理念的基础上将罪犯的真诚悔罪纳入报应刑的量刑情节,化解从宽与罪责刑相适应原则的张力。这既实现了对实在法的最佳解释,又能为须认之罪的内涵和从宽限度等实践问题提供指引。     

腐败犯罪控制视野下的资格刑研究

资格刑,作为刑罚体系的组成部分具有轻缓性、多样性、经济性、非物质性与可恢复性等特征。这些特征决定资格刑在控制腐败犯罪方面拥有生命刑、自由刑、财产刑等刑罚所无法比拟的独特功效。针对当前腐败犯罪的严峻形势,有必要在立法上提升资格刑的地位,完善资格刑的体系,以确保刑法在腐败犯罪控制方面的功能得以更为有效的发挥。     

Lender Liability for Environmental Harm: An Argument Against Negligence Based Rules

A firm strictly liable for any harm done will choose an inefficiently low care level if there is a possibility that it goes bankrupt. One possibility to improve care is extending liability to secured lenders, as applied under CERCLA and as currently being discussed in the EU. I compare strict liability, partial liability and vague negligence for lenders in a model with moral hazard and environmental auditing. While auditing is socially valuable only if it increases the firm's care level, the creditor also calculates the reduction in the information rent. Thus, for each possible care level, monitoring is always too high. This effect is aggravated by a vague negligence rule, where the probability that a lender is found liable decreases in the level of auditing. It is demonstrated that partial liability is superior, because the incentive for excessive monitoring is diminished.     

声音

严禁人畜入内,违者责任自负。——贵州毕节在少年被闷死垃圾桶事件后,将该警示语印在垃圾桶上。我也觉得这样申请索赔有点儿牵强。但是,老板指示我按这个理由起诉,我也没找到太多证据,只找到这条微博,就只好照写了。——厦门一员工发微博讨薪被老板告泄密,反遭索赔96000元,该公司人力资源部经理在接受媒体采访时说出了这样的话。严禁年底滥发补贴奖金与利用公款拜年。——中央纪委监察部发出以上通知,要求党员领导干部在2013年元旦、春节期间,     

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“如果有一天刘翔不再优秀,希望大家可以原谅他。”——语出刘翔母亲。伦敦奥运会男子110米栏预赛中,刘翔在第一个栏架处摔倒受伤。黯然告别了奥运会赛场。     

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美国大选所研究的堕胎、就业、同性恋、医疗保险、加税减税、要不要禁止私人拥有枪支、军费开支要不要增加等问题,在我看来都是些枝节问题、不是问题的问题、无病呻吟的问题、吃饱了撑的的问题。——司马南谈美国大选中的议题。     

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＂真的,平时只能游20米。跳下去救人时,没想到那么多。现在回想起来也不害怕。我身体好,又是学跳舞的,我相信自己能救起那个小男孩儿。＂——贵州大学艺校舞蹈系女孩儿向欣园救起落水男童时说。     

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“秦桧坐像是制作公司做的,我们当时没有想太多。秦桧虽是江宁人,但我们没有为他平反的意思。”     

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“有必要制定法律保护我国的珍贵遗产。”     

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老百姓买不起房是因为他们没本事。大学毕业生不是买不起房,而是老家有房不回去住。——80后河南省政协委员卢一博在河南两会上雷语不断。身为企业老板的卢一博曾资助4000余名贫困大学生,向社会捐助财物约2800万元。(小姐)卖淫行为应该不予追究,因为我们没法儿区别小姐和二奶,因为二奶和小姐是批发和零售的关系,二奶是     

死刑:一种残酷的刑罚

残酷刑罚是不尊重罪犯尊严和人格,或者剥夺或限制罪犯不应剥夺或限制的权利,或者无助于实现使罪犯成为新人要求的,或者造成罪犯肉体或精神上极度痛苦的不必要的刑罚。残酷刑罚的认定有绝对性和相对性两个标准。无论从绝对性还是相对性标准看,死刑都是一种残酷的刑罚。     

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没有礼貌的中国人!人家一家三口普普通通吃午饭,你们不停拍拍拍!问一声也没有,不懂尊重别人!——歌手陈奕迅一家三口在温哥华某拉面馆吃饭期间,其妻子怀疑被当地华人偷拍,一怒之下反拍对方清晰照上传至微博,并写下了以上的话。真是为了避暑,不惜挥金如土啊!——近段时间,南京高温,催热了跑腿业务,什么稀奇古怪的跑腿要求都有,甚至有人在家烧     

Punishment

The main previous analyses of punishment by Hart, Feinberg and Wasserstrom are considered and criticized. One persistent fault is the neglect of the idea that in punishment the person subjected to it is represented as having no valid excuse for wrongdoing. A new analysis is proposed which attempts to specify in what sense punishment by its very nature is retributive, as Wasserstrom has asserted. Certain problematic cases such as strict liability offenses and pre-trial detention are considered in light of the new analysis.     

Managing Equality in Social Dilemmas: Emotional and Retributive Implications

The equality rule is an important coordination rule in symmetric public good dilemmas. Although prior research emphasized that people use the equality rule out of efficiency concerns (as it helps to obtain the public good in the most efficient manner among group members), it may also reflect a true preference for fairness. More precisely, research examining emotional and retributive reactions as a result of a violation of the equality rule by a fellow group member showed that equality indeed is related to people’s personal values and what they consider to be fair. The present paper suggests that a violation of the equality rule results in emotional reactions, and these emotional experiences encourage further retributive actions. The different reactions following an equality violation are described as a function of three features: (1) the motives to use equality, (2) attributions for explaining the violation, and (3) the honesty of the given explanation. The write-up of this paper was partly supported by GOA/05/04 from the Research Fund of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. The research and write-up was supported by a fellowship of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, Grant No. 016.005.019), awarded to the second author.     

刑罚的文化分析——大卫·加兰德刑罚社会学研究

与传统的刑罚研究的哲学路径和刑罚研究的犯罪学路径不同,刑罚社会学探讨的是刑罚与更为宽泛的社会现象之间的关联.在对刑罚社会学的理论传统进行系统梳理的墓础上,美国学者大卫·加兰德认为,由社会建构的心理与情感即文化对我们惩罚犯罪人的方式有着重要的影响.这些文化模式建构了我们思考罪犯的方式,并且提供了思想架构(不管是科学的、宗教的还是常识的),让我们透过这些架构来看待个人、理解他们的动机以及将他们当成一件件的案子来处理.在刑罚的文化分析的基础上,大卫·加兰德进而提出了作为社会制度的刑罚理论,主张从多元化的视角来理解刑罚这种复杂的制度现象,这不仅有利于改变我们对刑罚的理解模式,也将改变我们对刑罚所作的规范性思考.