浅析摹仿签名笔迹鉴定

摹仿签名笔迹检验是笔迹检验的难点,认定签名摹仿人更是难中之难;笔者通过正确确定签名笔迹的真伪,从签名笔迹的概貌特征和细节特征之中运用辩证的观点正确认定摹仿人。     

再看摹仿签名笔迹鉴定

由于签名笔迹字数少、可摹仿性强的特点,长期以来,摹仿签名笔迹鉴定始终是笔迹鉴定的难点。笔者从不同类型的摹仿方法出发,讨论不同方法下摹仿签名笔迹的特点,总结其特征规律。同时要重视笔迹鉴定过程中了解相关案情,为识别是否存在摹仿现象提供线索。在此基础之上,对比摹仿签名笔迹特征的变化规律,并从摹仿签名笔迹特征反映构成方面系统性地进行鉴定,鉴别是否存在摹仿签名的情况。通过撰写此文,以期对摹仿签名笔迹鉴定实务具有借鉴意义。     

攻破文件检验难案4法

疑难案件,多指少量字鉴定,变化笔迹、伪装笔迹、文件制作时间鉴定等案件.笔者根据多年的检案实践,总结出4种鉴定方法,现介绍如下.1 运用检材上送检笔迹以外的相关联特征鉴定这类特征包括:(1)手印和压痕文字;(2)纸印品标记;(3)公、私章印文的真伪及布局特征;(4)相关联的笔迹.这些是作案者容易疏忽的特征,利用价值高.笔者于1995年办理的5起摹仿签名案件,均是通过从签名后的落款日期特征入手,认定了5名摹仿人.     

从摹彷签名笔迹造特征探究检验及鉴定

对摹仿签名笔迹的检验是文检鉴定工作中常见的工作之一,不少文检工作者对此均有各自的见解.本文结合十余年文检工作经验和体会,从摹仿签名笔迹的主、客观特征、识别要点、检验原则等几个方面对摹仿签名笔迹进行识别和检验,提出了从摹仿签名笔迹受主、客观因素影响而形成的主、客观特征出发,运用综合评断原则对其进行检验及鉴定的观点.     

浅谈摹仿老年人签名笔迹鉴定

笔迹鉴定中,签名笔迹的鉴定是一直是鉴定中的难点,而摹仿老年人签名笔迹的鉴定,由于把老年人的笔迹特点与摹仿伪装笔迹的特点糅合在了一起,更成为了难点中的难点。为此,笔者查阅相关资料和结合自身鉴定实践,对摹仿老年人签名笔迹的特点以及鉴定依据和方法进行一些探讨。     

中文签名笔迹动态特征研究

从物理学角度看,笔迹是书写工具在力的作用下在载体上形成的运动轨迹.作用力和速度的大小和变化构成了书写运动的动态特征.本文以签名笔迹为对象,研究签名笔迹的动态特征及其属性.实验结果表明动态特征能够作为认定书写人,鉴别摹仿签名的重要依据.     

浅谈签名类笔迹的鉴定

一、签名笔迹案件的特点签名笔迹字数少,笔迹特征数量有限,检验难度一般很大,而且大部分为利用摹仿手法伪装的签名,这种伪装方法暴露作案人的书写习惯比较少,通过笔迹鉴定很难认定摹仿书写人。常见的签名方式有横式、竖式和倾斜式三种。一些人忙于手中事务,不管要签字的文件怎样放置,有时甚至看都不看一眼就签上了名字。这样,纸张与签名形成的角度特征极不稳定,利用价值降低。人们在设计自己的签名时,经常会造成某种特殊的视觉效果,同时增加了他人伪造自己签名的难度,防止他人伪造自己的签名。如某案中“冯某某”的签名,三个字…     

中文签名笔迹动态特征研究

从物理学角度看,笔迹是书写工具在力的作用下在载体上形成的运动轨迹。作用力和速度的大小和变化构成了书写运动的动态特征。本文以签名笔迹为对象,研究签名笔迹的动态特征及其属性。实验结果表明：动态特征能够作为认定书写人,鉴别摹仿签名的重要依据。     

中文签名笔迹动态特征研究

从物理学角度看,笔迹是书写工具在力的作用下在载体上形成的运动轨迹.作用力和速度的大小和变化构成了书写运动的动态特征.本文以签名笔迹为对象,研究签名笔迹的动态特征及其属性.实验结果表明:动态特征能够作为认定书写人,鉴别摹仿签名的重要依据.     

中文签名笔迹动态特征研究

从物理学角度看,笔迹是书写工具在力的作用下在载体上形成的运动轨迹.作用力和速度的大小和变化构成了书写运动的动态特征.本文以签名笔迹为对象,研究签名笔迹的动态特征及其属性.实验结果表明:动态特征能够作为认定书写人,鉴别摹仿签名的重要依据.     

利用真签名伪造文书的识别与检验

通常情况下,绝大多数人认为,签名真伪决定了文书真伪。司法鉴定实际工作中,事实上签名真伪与文书真伪并不是等同关系。利用真签名伪造文书有许多方法。由于签名真是书写人的笔迹,因此在利用真签名伪造文书的实际鉴定中,鉴定人往往忽视系统检验,从而作出不符合客观实际的鉴定结论。在检验中,应充分根据利用真签名伪造文书不同方法出现的不同特点,综合运用案情分析法、细节特征比较法、图像软件分析法、仪器检验法、系统检验法进行检验。在检验过程中,还应注意受理案件时的材料是否为原件;案件情况中双方当事人矛盾的焦点;签名是真签名还是摹仿签名。     

练习摹仿笔迹特征鉴定价值分析及同一认定条件

练习摹仿笔迹鉴定是笔迹鉴定中比较难的一种，但在司法实践中又比较常见，在借据、收据、签名、批示笔迹的书写上常常被作案人采用。本文对练习摹仿笔迹的特征及其鉴定价值进行了分析，并总结出作为一般规律的识别要素，以期对练习摹仿笔迹的鉴定提供一定的参考依据。     

伪造签名笔迹检验的研究

对伪造签名笔迹的研究,揭示窃取、复制他人亲笔签名伪造文件的手法及其特点,是检验伪造签名笔迹的有效方法。     

Dating a signature

With the use of actual case material it will be illustrated that signatures can be placed in an approximate time frame as to the date they were executed. By both historical means as well as by the individual changes in handwriting characteristics, the arrangement of signatures in order of occurrence will be demonstrated.     

The dynamic character of disguise behavior for text-based, mixed, and stylized signatures

The aims of this study were to determine if dynamic parameters (duration, size, velocity, jerk, and pen pressure) differed for signing style (text-based, stylized, and mixed) and if signing style influences handwriting dynamics equally across three signature conditions (genuine, disguised, and auto-simulation). Ninety writers provided 10 genuine signatures, five disguised signatures, and five auto-simulated signatures. All 1800 signatures were collected using a digitizing tablet resulting in a database of each signature's dynamic characteristics. With genuine signatures, there were significant differences between styles for size, velocity, and pen pressure, and there were significant differences between genuine signatures and at least one of the un-natural signature conditions for all parameters. For velocity and size, these changes with condition were dependent on style. Changes with condition for the other parameters were similar for the three styles. This study shows that there are differences among natural signature styles and disguise behaviors that may be relevant in forensic signature examinations.     

练习摹仿笔迹的检验

在笔迹检验所受理的案件中,采取练习摹仿手法进行作案的呈上升趋势。练习摹仿笔迹酷似被摹仿人笔迹,仿真度高。如何准确识别摹仿,认定摹仿人,已成为当前文检工作者研究的重点课题之一。本文作者总结实践经验,参考有关文献,探讨了练习摹仿笔迹的形成机理、特点、变化规律、相关因素及检验对策。     

Dynamic Characteristics of Signatures: Effects of Writer Style on Genuine and Simulated Signatures

The aims of this study were to determine if computer‐measured dynamic features (duration, size, velocity, jerk, and pen pressure) differ between genuine and simulated signatures. Sixty subjects (3 equal groups of 3 signature styles) each provided 10 naturally written (genuine) signatures. Each of these subjects then provided 15 simulations of each of three model signatures. The genuine (N = 600) and simulated (N = 2700) signatures were collected using a digitizing tablet. MovAlyzeR^® software was used to estimate kinematic parameters for each pen stroke. Stroke duration, velocity, and pen pressure were found to discriminate between genuine and simulated signatures regardless of the simulator's own style of signature or the style of signature being simulated. However, there was a significant interaction between style and condition for size and jerk (a measure of smoothness). The results of this study, based on quantitative analysis and dynamic handwriting features, indicate that the style of the simulator's own signature and the style of signature being simulated can impact the characteristics of handwriting movements for simulations. Writer style characteristics might therefore need to be taken into consideration as potentially significant when evaluating signature features with a view to forming opinions regarding authenticity.     

检察权运行司法化的边际概览与可能方式

随着新《刑事诉讼法》实施已入正轨,越来越多的检察权运行表现出了司法属性,检察权运行司法化也成为热议话题.检察权运行司法化要依据司法的核心特征来评价现行的检察工作不符合司法的地方,并找准可以司法化的检察权.在检察权司法化的具体构造上,要注意到检察权自身的特殊性,不宜照搬照套法院的庭审模式.从长远来看,检察权司法化既要有自己的机构、工作机制名称、场所,也要有具体的程序设计与主要工作对象.     

The potential of collaborative learning as a tool for forensic students: Application to signature examination

Transferring theoretical knowledge to practical skills remains a big challenge in forensic science, especially in questioned documents. The examination of handwriting and signatures requires years of practice to develop the necessary skills. While students (and to some extent the general population) often have the impression that it is easy to differentiate handwriting from different persons, in practice, particularly when dealing with simulated signatures, there is a high risk of reaching a wrong conclusion when questioned document experts do not use a systematic approach and/or are not sufficiently experienced (see for example the famous French Dreyfus case). Thus, a novel teaching approach, based on collaborative learning, has been introduced in a theoretical handwriting class to improve the students’ theoretical knowledge, and additionally make them aware of the limitations of their practical skills and give them tools to improve them in their future practice. Through five activities, the students took the roles of victims, forgers, teachers and experts and created their own learning materials (i.e. signatures and mock casework). During those interactive activities, they learned to describe their signature’s characteristics, intra-variability and complexity, and thus evaluate their own signature’s vulnerability (as potential victims). They learned techniques to simulate signatures and detect the resulting forgeries’ characteristics (in the role of forgers). In the role of teachers, they prepared mock casework scenarios and gave feedback to their colleague’s examination of the produced material. As experts, they carried out signature examination as they would in a proficiency test and were exposed to the difficulties an actual expert may encounter in practice. The evaluation of this novel teaching scenario was very positive, as students learned more extensively the possibilities and limitations of signature comparison. They were more active and motivated in their learning experiences. The teaching team also had an improved experience. Some students complained of an increased workload and imprecise instructions. Improvements were tested and are discussed in this paper.