天津海事法院

天津海事法院是1984年6月首批成立的全国6家海事法院之一,此后又陆续成立了4家,目前共10家,1999年7月正式纳入国家司法管理体系,由天津市委、市政府和市高级人民法院共同管理。天津海事法院作为人民法院的重要组成部分,与普通法院相比,在履行审判职能方面,既有共同之处,更有其自身的特点:一是管辖的跨地     

论与审级相匹配的人民法院内部构造——侧重于基层实践的考察

各级法院的职能定位及其机构设置理应围绕其相应的审级定位这一逻辑原点展开,即“与审级相匹配”,或言“名“”分”相当。司法实践中二审职能与一审相混淆、上级法院与下级法院定位不够明确、上下级法院机构设置简单对应或对应不一致、政务管理和审判管理方面界限不够清晰等问题均有存在。以“审级匹配”及与之密切相关的概念“四级法院职能定位”为分析工具和评价标准,分析与审级不匹配、与层级不相当的问题,可为建构科学合理的与审级匹配的法院内部机构与工作机制提供助益,保障整套国家审判“机器”的良性运转。     

中华人民共和国武汉海事法院管理规范

我国海事法院是应改革开放的要求而设立的,比国内地方法院的设立晚三十多年,加之国际航运及贸易的现代化、科学化程度高,海事管辖打破了行政区划的界线,具有涉外性、专业技术性和前沿性等特点。因此,海事法院的统一规范化管理问题,是摆在我们面前的一个崭新课题,也是科学发展观对海事法院管理提出的新要求。     

行政诉讼管辖论

行政诉讼管辖是指同级法院之间及上下级法院之间,在第一审行政案件上的权限分工。行政诉讼管辖只存在于普通人民法院之间,不包括专门管辖。行政诉讼管辖的划分应当遵循便于当事人诉讼的原则,便于人民法院正确、公正、有效行使审判的原则,人民法院负担适当的原则。行政诉讼管辖权主要集中于基层人民法院,中级、高级和最高人民法院只行使一定的管辖权。     

我国正当防卫必要限度的审判规律分析

当前我国刑事审判实践中,对正当防卫的限度条件要求十分苛刻,防卫行为涉嫌犯罪时最终认定无罪的比例极低。尽管有"折中说"作为指导,但司法实践中总体上还是形成了以防卫结果作为认定防卫行为是否超过必要限度唯一标准的局面。同样类型的案件在各地、各审级法院之间有着不同的审判思路和标准。审判实践中应当适当放宽正当必要限度条件的标准,结合防卫行为与侵害行为的强度、现实的缓急、不法侵害的权益以及防卫人本身状况这四个要素进行综合判断。     

我国正向亚太海事司法中心的目标迈进

我国正向亚太海事司法中心的目标迈进●刘会生海事审判作为一个新的审判领域，如今已与刑事、民事、经济和行政审判，处于同等的重要地位，成为人民法院审判工作的一个重要组成部分。特别是１９９２年《中华人民共和国海商法》的颁布，对于推动我国海事审判工作的发展，具...     

刑事审级制度比较研究

刑事审级制度是一国司法体制的重要组成部分,与该国的法治传统和司法理念密切相关。长期以来,我国刑事审判实行两审终审制,该制度虽有其产生的历史背景和现实合理性,但从世界范围内刑事审级制度发展的趋势来看,两审终审制已不适应刑事司法改革的进程,其固有的体制性弊端日益显现。为最大限度地实现司法裁判公正与效率相统一,有必要在对刑事审级制度比较研究的基础上,重构适合我国实际的刑事审级制度。     

应准确理解民事诉讼中的属地管辖

属地管辖也称地域管辖。根据我国民事诉讼法的规定，一般地域管辖是确定同级人民法院之间在各自的辖区内受理第一审民事案件的权限分工。通俗地说，就是依照法院的辖区来确定案件受理的诉讼管辖。地域管辖分为一般地域管辖、特殊地域管辖和专属地域管辖。     

优化法院审判管理的新思考

优化审判管理是提升法院司法工作能力、法院法治推进能力和法院社会管理创新能力的内在要求。当前法院审判管理存在的主要问题有:审判管理权力的行政化,审判管理模式的程式化,审判管理组织的分散化,审判管理流程的模糊化和审判管理方式的陈旧化等。优化法院审判管理,应重塑审判管理组织,完善审判绩效考评机制,再造审判管理流程,创新审判管理方式。     

我国建立行政法院体制的观点质疑

国内有的学者主张设立行政法院审理行政案件,因为行政法院可以解决法院独立审判问题。其他国家的经验证明,行政法院与政府的关系更为密切,设立行政法院主要是解决行政审判专业性问题。我国设立行政法院不具有可行性,行政审判体制改革的方向应当是整体推进司法改革,建立跨区划的法院,将法院人、财、物与地方政府脱离,割裂法院与地方政府的利益联系。     

办理销售盗版音像制品犯罪案件的法律适用问题

销售盗版音像制品犯罪案件在我国日益猖獗,但是长期以来关于销售盗版音像制品犯罪的法律适用问题,在理论界始终有两种不同的认识,同时也困扰着司法实践,导致在司法实践中对同一种行为作出了两种不同的处理结果。引述了两部重要的司法解释,并结合《刑法》及相关条例,提出准确界定销售盗版音像制品犯罪行为的方法与依据。     

Fire over water: China's strategic engagement of Somalia and the Gulf of Aden crisis

Abstract

Since China agreed to join the international counter-piracy coalition in late 2008, a watershed development in Chinese strategic policy, Beijing's engagement in Somalia is now following two separate streams. First, China is seeking to engage Somalia as part of its expanding number of African diplomatic partners via its participation in the coalition. Second, China is attempting to demonstrate, on the international level, its growing commitment to developing its naval capabilities, and protecting its maritime trade interests, by engaging in multilateral and coalition-based operations, namely to combat piracy off the Somali coast, in order to deflect criticism from the United States and its allies of China's overall military expansion and modernization.     

Challenges to the East Asian environment

Abstract

Can economic interdependence reduce conflicts among states in East Asia? The so-called ‘cold politics and hot economics’ has become a defining feature of Sino-Japanese political-economic relations. This puzzling pattern of interaction is clearly illustrated in the sovereignty dispute over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands. The island dispute has unfolded in five rounds of distinct clashes thus far. From one perspective, the competitive elements in the island dispute make it difficult for both Japan and China to give way to the other side on the territorial and maritime issues. At the same time, the two countries have successfully managed to contain their respective territorial and maritime claims thus far. Drawing on the liberal peace theory, this article systematically demonstrates that economic interdependence has repeatedly fostered the de-escalation of Sino-Japanese conflict over territorial and maritime rights.     

China’s assertiveness in the South China Sea

China's defiance of the arbitration tribunal ruling overwhelmingly rejecting its extensive territorial claims in the South China Sea has exposed competition between the United States and China, attracting regional states into their respective strategic orbits. China's attempt to challenge America's traditional position as the regional maritime power is gaining strength.     

Towards naval normalcy: 'open seas protection' and Sino-US maritime relations

On May 26th, 2015, China published its 10th Defense White Paper which integrated 'open seas protection', along with 'offshore waters defense', into its naval strategy. This shift in naval strategy, albeit largely anticipated, raises a series of important questions about China's maritime ambitions. This article seeks to analyze the causes, nature and challenges of China's latest shift in naval strategy, and its implications for Sino-US maritime relations. The article argues that China's latest shift in naval strategy is a logical corollary of the tension between China's expanding global interests and its asymmetric approach to sea power, and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provides the necessary stimulus and justification for such a shift. China's new naval strategy, the paper contends, denotes that it will develop a Mahanian blue-water navy and a basic network of overseas bases in the years ahead. Those two developments are expected to pose a series of significant challenges for China's foreign policy. The article argues that China's new naval strategy presents both challenges and opportunities for China and the world. To accomplish 'open seas protection', China will probably have to modify its policies on a range of issues, and moderate its competitive stance in the near seas. Although China's new naval strategy need not be interpreted in a competitive framework, it does present China with a stark choice: either it pursues more friendly attitudes towards its maritime ambitions by modifying its current policy, or it will be increasingly confronted by a coalition of hostile states.     

关于警察出庭作证问题的调查分析

警察出庭作证是刑事诉讼改革中的重要问题。调查显示,造成警察不出庭的原因在于观念的误区、诉讼结构不合理、证据规则的缺失等。建立我国的警察出庭作证制度不仅必要,而且可行。可从克服立法和观念上的困难入手,调整诉讼结构,完善证据规则,构建配套措施。     

Confidence‐building measures at sea: The challenges ahead in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia faces a range of challenges in adopting maritime confidence‐ and trust‐building measures in the very promising atmosphere of political endorsement that exists after the ASEAN Regional Forum, with possible changes to the strategic balance caused by maritime rearmament within the region. This paper briefly analyses the roles or activities of maritime forces in the region on the basis of their sensitivity to scrutiny: the hard or contentious kinds of activities, usually warlike, that navies will only practise together in an environment of considerable trust, and the soft, usually non‐warlike activities, that they could undertake cooperatively with fewer security concerns. From this list of shared roles two lists of possible CBMs are derived, the easy (or likely‐to‐succeed) and the hard (or less‐likely), based on the level of sensitivity of the activities to be undertaken cooperatively.     

Growing tensions in the East China Sea

Continuing tensions between China and Japan over the sovereignty of the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands have fuelled international speculation that the two countries could be drawn into a military confrontation. Incidents such as an alleged ‘lock-on’ of a Chinese radar on a Japanese ship have underlined increasing maritime friction between the two countries.     

中德社会保障争议处理制度比较研究

中德两国在历史发展过程中逐步形成了各自独特的社会争议处理制度和模式。德国社会法院作为专门审理社会保障争议的特殊行政法院，体现了法律保护的缜密性和司法的高度专业性，适应了社会保障争议多，内容纷繁复杂，技术性、专业性强的现实需要。中国社会保障争议处理法律制度则处于形成发展阶段，因争议种类、主体不同而设置了不同的解决争议的机构，采用了不同的法律制度、程序和处理原则。本文以两国现行社会争议处理法律规定作为比较标准，按照社会争议处理的程序，分别从社会争议的范围界定、行政处理程序和制度、法院处理程序和制度三方面进行了比较研究，为中国社会保障争议处理制度提供借鉴和启示。     

China's aggressive ‘periphery diplomacy’ and South Korean perspectives

In this special section, the present article reviews South Korean perspectives on China's ‘periphery diplomacy’ with a focus on Chinese behaviour with respect to the East China Sea maritime territory and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). By analysing research papers published by various Korean research institutions and academic journals, this article demonstrates that most Korean scholars hold that as long as China's growth goes on, the tensions between the US and China are likely to intensify. The article also shows that one of the primary concerns of South Korean scholars lies in the question of how South Korea should respond to changing regional orders and a rising China. The article argues that South Korea's strategic dilemma is reflected in a regional structure in which competition between two great powers has recently forced the periphery to impose bilateral ties on.