Hermes: God of Thieves. Plagiarism in Twentieth Century Literature

The question of imitation moves from an open and obvious phase, the phase of Classicism, during which the models from antiquity were imitated with pride and with a conscious desire to set fixed and codified models for compositions, following norms for distinction in well-defined genres, to the period of Romanticism, during which the concept of the work's uniqueness predominated, and the work was seen as the link between God and the world. During the twentieth century the attitude towards plagiarism changed again: in our century the question of artistic originality becomes anxiety-provoking and the relationship with tradition becomes competitive. The heavy weight of tradition creates in the writer a desire to exorcise in some way the fear of the death of creative originality and gives rise to the playful, demystifying re-presentation of previous works, in an attempt to desecrate genres and precursors, re-creating them overtly and covertly at the same time. Thus plagiarism transforms itself into a new creative force, in which tradition is no longer imitated in a subservient, nor a reverential fashion, nor in the sense of the subdivision of pre-established genres. Plagiarism becomes instead a challenge on the same grounds of the canonical authors, demonstrating in this manner a strong capacity to capture the essence of the author's own language (a link to the new emphasis on the act of reading). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论网络环境下期刊著作权的保护

实践和理论研究中期刊著作权常常被忽视,网络环境下期刊著作权的侵犯问题与此不无关系.期刊著作权人以期刊整体为客体享有人身性与财产性著作权.期刊著作权不是双重主体,期刊社或期刊的主办单位是期刊著作权主体.当前互联网的发展使侵犯期刊著作权更加容易,给期刊著作权保护提出了挑战.在网络环境下保护期刊著作权,要解决好取证问题与诉讼的地域管辖问题,并确定包括网络服务商在内的责任人以及赔偿数额的计算问题.     

网络版权保护的经济分析

当代经济依靠法律对于产权的确定实现生产和交易。经济学绐我们提供了改革现有版权,限定网络版权的范围的有益视角。本文从经济学的角度论证了从简化著作权权利内容入手,设定广泛的传播权从而包括网络著作权,以及从保护对象入手,简化版权保护的内容,纳入网络作品,设定网络版权两种方式的优劣,并提出相应建议。     

澳大利亚行政公益诉讼原告资格探析

澳大利亚某些立法和司法判例确立了行政公益诉讼原告类型和资格。行政公益诉讼原告主要有总检察长、个人和利益团体三类。不同类型的原告有不同的资格条件。     

关于MP3网上下载问题的探讨

从MP3音乐著作权的法律关系人手,剖析MP3网上下载行为所涉及的各类主体所应承担的权利义务关系,进而探讨如何解决网络MP3纠纷,以实现数字时代的新型利益平衡.     

美国网上证券交易监管机制及其启示

网上证券交易是伴随计算机网络技术被引入证券市场而发展起来的新兴证券交易方式，随着其在世界各国证券市场的广泛应用，对网上证券交易的监管也成为各国监管机构越来越需要重视的问题之一。美国是最早发展网上证券交易的国家，其对网上证券交易的监管机制相对比较完善和有效，其推出的一些监管措施经过一些国际组织的推荐为世界其他国家所效仿，取得了比较好的效果。本文在探究美国的网上证券交易监管机制的基础上，结合中国的实际，就中国的网上证券交易监管的发展提出了建议，以期对建立健全中国的网上证券交易监管机制有所帮助。     

论网络服务提供者的版权侵权责任

网络版权侵权现象目前发生得非常普遍,针对这一问题,我国进行了相关的专门立法活动。但是,如何从根本上理清网络服务提供者的侵权责任,仍是一个非常值得研究的问题。笔者对网络服务提供者的概念和范围重新加以梳理,根据网络版权法律关系的要求,辩明了各种网络服务提供者的基本属性,明确了网络服务提供者的法律地位,并为实现网络版权侵权责任的明晰化,创见性地将网络服务提供者划分为网络技术服务提供者和网络作品传播者,分别阐述其应该各自承担的版权侵权责任。     

从“百度文库案”窥侵犯著作权罪的立法纠结——兼评2011年《关于办理侵犯知识产权刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》

#$$ 年《若干意见》进一步明确了侵犯著作权罪的定罪量刑标准,但《若干意见》在对侵犯著作权罪的解释中仍然存在着主客观方面的纠结,立法层面的规范纠结必将使得立法意图无法实现。解开纠结的路径应为：在主观方面,提高网络信息服务提供者的审查义务,即只要网络信息服务提供者在他人上传侵权作品的网站上直接或者间接收取费用,就推定其明知他人上传的作品侵权并利用;在客观方面,将“利用他人上传的侵权作品”涵盖在“发行”的外延中。     

反贪查案工作机制探讨

上海市人民检察院第一分院反贪局自1995年贪检处成立发展至今,在办案思路、线索评估、把握初查重点及办案模式、办案谋略等方面基本形成了一整套行之有效的做法。在业务工作、队伍建设、检察改革、思想政治工作等方面取得了新的成绩,尤其在如何加强贪污贿赂案件线索的价值评估及初查方案的制定方面作了改革和努力。     

网络图书馆下版权问题新思考

网络和数字化技术的进步打破了传统版权法建立的平衡 ,特别是网络图书馆的建设 ,使传统图书馆所适用的版权理论受到质疑。因此 ,探讨网络图书馆所涉及的版权问题便成为当务之急。本文论证了在新的传播技术下 ,传统合理使用规则应受到必要的限制 ,版权所涉及的权利亟待重新配置。     

论刑事诉讼与行政诉讼的冲突及其解决

为解决刑事诉讼中出现的行政问题及行政诉讼中出现的刑事问题,避免行政诉讼与刑事诉讼审理结果的冲突,应将两类诉讼中的相关问题分为本诉附属问题与审判前提问题,允许法院刑事审判庭在特定情况下审理行政问题;在对同一行为究竟应承担刑事责任还是行政责任难以确定时,以“刑事责任优先”为处理原则。     

环境诉讼的“破”与“立”

环境纠纷有多种解决手段．行政协调、民事协商和法律诉讼。司法是社会正义的最后一道防线,而环境诉讼即绿色诉讼则是保护环境的最后一道防线。环境诉讼制度是为解决环境问题．保护国家、社会环境的公共利益和人类环境利益而采取的一项司法救济措施,其在国外已被广泛接受并形成较为成熟的诉讼制度。然而．环境诉讼在我国却很难走上正轨,因为起诉难,审理难．判决难,搜集证据难,执行难,胜诉难等许多问题的存在,出现了无人起诉、无人去追究责任的问题,致使环境污染者逃脱了应有的法律制裁．国家和社会利益遭受重大损失,可以说环境诉讼在我国立法和司法领域还是一片盲区．本文对我国环境诉讼发展的制约因素及如何发展我国环境诉讼制度进行了探讨．以求有效维护国家、社会的公共利益．进一步完善我国司法制度。     

The ordinary and the extraordinary in institutional litigation

Institutional litigation, in which courts are requested to oversee the operation of large public institutions, has been frequently attacked as a departure from the traditional model of litigation. In this Article, Professors Eisenberg and Yeazell argue that the procedures and remedies employed in institutional litigation are not unprecedented but have analogues in older judicial traditions. Nor, they assert, do the doctrines of separation of powers and federalism present any obstacles to institutional litigation. They conclude that the novelty lies in the newly created substantive rights which courts are asked to enforce.     

Singing from the same sheet: computational melodic similarity measurement and copyright law

Musical plagiarism is an area of law that is not only of interest to lawyers but captures the curiosity of the public, induces apprehension in the composer and now intrigues the computer scientist. Attention increases in the case of celebrated artists when the revenue is likely to be significant, and when the allegation is one of a perceived similarity between the infringing and infringed works. Despite the broad interest and frequently high commercial significance of this issue, there has been little systematic research into what constitutes musical plagiarism from either a technical or perceptual perspective. This article discusses some suggestions made to date for introducing a technical measurement of musical similarity in copyright disputes before presenting our own computational system. The novelty of our proposal arises from an interdisciplinary approach combining computational, musicological, and psychological perspectives to emulate legal principles, mimic the reasonable listener as well as copy the type of evidence often presented in these cases.     

美国版权侵权刑事责任的评析

美国国会分别于１９９７年和１９９８年通过了《反电子盗窃法》和《数字化千年之际版权法案》两部法律,将版权法、联邦刑法及其相关法律进行部分修正,试图强化对于通过电子方式构成的版权侵权的刑事处罚和对版权人的保护。这两部法律与相关法律一起构建了比较全面的版权刑事保护体系,因此分析美国最新版权侵权的刑事责任的发展,有助我们研究完善版权的刑事责任的法律规定。