论行政听证主持人的选任和回避

行政听证是公民参与行政的一种重要方式,现行的法律法规关于行政听证主持人的选任和回避规定还很不完善,影响到行政听政目的的实现。行政听政主持人应当从哪个机构或组织中产生,应该具备什么样的基本素质,有无回避要求等,都在很大程度上影响民众对行政听政的期望和信任。本文认为,行政听政主持人应该从行政机关的法制部门工作人员或其他具有主持人技能的团体中产生;回避同样重要,回避的程序需要具体规定。     

民主听政会:打通“隔心墙” 架起“连心桥”

“目前,我们全县65个村委会和部分村民小组已建立了融议事、理财于一体,民主决策、民主管理、民主监督有机结合的村级民主听政会制度,为干部群众打通了‘隔心墙’,架起了‘连心桥’。”云南省通海县纪委的一位干部谈起民主听政会制度十分高兴地说。该县自在全县各个村委会和部分村民小组中建立民主听政会制度以来,使村组的政务、财务及其他事务都置于     

房屋拆迁权的滥用与预防

房屋拆迁权的行使是否合法 ,是一个被立法和理论研究遗忘的问题 ,其合法性应从实体要件和程序要件两个方面评定。拆迁行为是否符合社会公共利益 ,是判定拆迁是否符合实体要件 ,以及是否被滥用的唯一标准。公共利益的层次性 ,是解决房屋拆迁权冲突的法理依据。行政救济是房屋拆迁权合法的程序要件 ,应当在房屋拆迁前实施行政听政制度 ,并允许拆迁当事人提出行政复议和行政诉讼。     

劳动教养立法中引入听证程序的必要性及可行性分析

劳动教养制度作为一种介于治安管理处罚与刑罚之间的行政性强制措施,在长期的实践中,曾发挥过积极的作用,但由于立法上的不完善,尤其是缺乏程序性的规范,使这一制度在实施中面临着越来越多的挑战。有鉴于此,本文建议在未来对劳动教养的改革中,引入听政程序,以便更好的保护被处遇人的权利,并从必要性与可行性两方面对此进行了分析。     

听证程序首次进入中国法律

八届全国人大四次会议审议通过，将于1997年1月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》，涉及了一个特殊的程序──听证程序。该程序在我国法律中是前所未有的。何为听证，全国法制人大工作委员会民法室主任张春生介绍说，就行政听证来讲，即行政机关作出的决定不利于当事人时，应该给当事入提供一个机会，让他自己去申辩理由，让他提出自己的看法，并为他提供陈述理由、申辩意见的机会──与行政机关对簿公堂。在国外法制发达的国家一般都有听证会制度，有国会听证制，如美国，也有行政程序中的听政制度。英美法德都采取听证制度。比如，…     

推进村级民主听政会制度

“四五”普法以来,为拓展依法治村、民主管理的渠道,推进农村民主法制建设进程,营造良好的安定和谐的社会环境,我们在全市811个村庄普遍推行了融群众的知情权、议事权、监督权于一体的“村级民主听政会”制度,有力地促进了农村民主法制建设。     

构建“内生与外源互动”的地方政府决策机制

我国传统的“内输入”型的地方政府决策机制本身具有一定的历史性和时代性,随着我国经济社会的转型,这一体制逐渐暴露出其不足和缺陷。为此,本文提出构建“内生与外源互动”的新的决策机制来对原有的地方政府决策机制进行发展和更新,主张从完善专家咨询制度、社会公证制度和社会听政制度方面来对决策机制进行完善和发展。     

行政许可法的执行现状及其对策分析——行政许可法实施一周年之际

<行政许可法>的实施,推进了我国依法行政、依法治国的进程.但是,<行政许可法>实施近一年来暴露出了许多亟待解决的问题.各级政府要针对出现的问题,加强法治观念建设、电子政务建设、行业和中介组织建设,完善许可配套制度、许可听政制度、财政管理制度、监督制约机制,改革行政诉讼制度、国家赔偿制度等,实现建立法治政府的目标,加快社会主义现代化建设的步伐.     

论清代皇帝决策的法律机制

中国古代,皇权与中央权力集中体现为皇帝决策权.清代统治者借鉴汉唐宋明历代政治法律实践的经验教训,并根据自身的治国理政需要,构建具有鲜明特色的皇帝决策法律机制.首先,基于"皇权无上限"的原则,法律明确规定皇帝的决策权范围,赋予各级机构对于皇帝决策权范围之外相关事项的直接决定权.其次,法律严格设定"本章批答""御门听政"两...     

我国土地管理现状及问题分析

本文从建设用地管理使用出发，具体探讨了：房改进程过快，政府双项职能混同，许可监督机构设立不合理，政府信息公开缺乏法律保障和政府效绩考核模式不合理几个问题。之后，在农村土地管理中又讨论了：公共利益的定位不准确，非公益性用地征用行为和国家赔偿的不合理以及行政救济听政制度上的缺陷问题．针对我过土地管理涌现出的各项问题进行分析并提出了部分解决方法。     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

The effects of four different solvent vapours on the restoration of obliterated stamp markings from five different wooden surfaces

The stamp markings on wooden surfaces, which are placed on trees and products including antiques, indicate the status of trees and involve identifying data regarding the products. Such markings are obliterated either to facilitate illegal logging or to conceal product information. Despite the wide literature on the restoration of obliterated characters on metal and polymer surfaces, the recovery of defaced characters on wooden surfaces appears to be understudied. Several reference texts in the forensic marks’ examination literature suggest that water, water vapor, and alkaline solutions are useful in restoring the abraded markings on the wood. Since there does not seem to be any experimental study proving such success, this study aimed to fill this gap. This study conducted experimental research by using water, ethanol, ammonia, and chloroform to recover the scraped characters on samples obtained from walnut, beech, spruce, oak, and cedar trees. The cold-stamped characters, which were defaced at varying depths, were restored using vapor and liquid phases of four solvents. While the vapor phases of water, ethanol, and ammonia yielded good outcomes on all types of wooden surfaces, the liquid phases did not seem to be useful in the revisualization process. The response of the vapors, which varied between 62 and 220 s, depended on the type of wood. The restoration technique developed in this research offers the possibility of on-site usage, easy application, utilization of low-cost solvents, rapid recovery, and effectiveness on various wooden surfaces. Overall, the restoration methodology used in this research appears to be fruitful in retrieving identifying information on wooden samples.     

The Role of Fantasy in a Serial Sexual Offender: A Brief Review of the Literature and a Case Report

Abstract: Extensive research has attempted to elucidate the role of fantasy in sexual offending. In this paper, the authors summarize the main results of the literature, especially the contents, themes, dynamics, etiopathogenesis, and potential functions of fantasy in sexual offending. Further, the authors analyze the case of a serial sexual offender who assaulted 39 women. The forensic‐psychiatric assessment revealed that his fantasies of forced sex, sexual coercion, and dominance, which were linked to narcissistic personality organization and functioning, were the primary drive mechanism in his crimes, because he imagined himself in the role of the aggressor, identified with the power associated with the role of perpetrator, and was sexually aroused by such images of omnipotent control of the victim. In conclusions, the authors suggest that fantasies of sexual aggression, coercion, and dominance of women may stimulate grandiosity and omnipotence and, in a minority of cases, may lead to sexual offending.     

南非调解仲裁委员会初探

南非调解仲裁委员会是根据1995年劳动关系法建立的主要劳动争议解决机构之一。该委员会自运行伊始,即显现出其优越性,但也暴露出许多问题,如争议提交率过高,处理迟延,委员不称职,仲裁低质量。为解决这些问题,委员会改进了争议解决程序,采取限制权利滥用措施,进行机构改革,大力培训仲裁员,并对雇主和雇员进行教育,取得了一定的效果,对我国劳动争议仲裁机构改革有一定的借鉴意义。     

挑战与回应:全球化视野下的国家主权

全球化是一个涉及到人类经济、政治、文化和社会生活诸领域的世界性历史进程。经济全球化不仅从多方面影响了主权国家的经济职能和经济主权,而且通过法律全球化对国家的法律主权构成了一定的挑战。经济全球化深刻影响到世界政治组织的构成及其活动方式和范围、对以国家为中心的、分散的主权政治架构也会产生广泛的影响。文化全球化推动了全球体系中的文化整合与文化嬗变,影响了人们的主权观念,并在一定程度上制约着人们的行为以及人们之间的关系模式,改变着国家的政治生活形式,深刻影响着国家的文化主权,对民族国家和国际社会的治理及其宪政化提供了新的机遇并带来了新的挑战。因此,为了推进全球法治进程,必须树立新的主权理念,实现主权要素的重构。     

‘Not always logical’: binational/biracial marriages in Britain, 1900–1940

ABSTRACT

This essay explores the intersection of race, religion, and nationality in marriage by concentrating on unions between Britons and ‘Arabs’ (those from North Africa and the Middle East) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Focusing on this area, most of which was not in the British Empire, allows an analysis of the intersection between the empire and the larger world. Marriage was a nexus in the intertwined prejudices of race, empire, class, and religion. Though the British primarily blamed polygamy for any marital problems, their own gendered law of nationality was equally at fault. Indeed, the centrality of gender was clearest in three circumstances. First, many women refused to be ‘white women in peril,’ instead exercising agency in their relationships. Second, British men who moved to the Middle East, converted to Islam, and married Muslim women, became legal hybrids who struggled to pass on British nationality to their wives and children. Third, British-born women married to Middle Eastern Christians faced similar problems, despite marrying other monogamists. In the 1930s, the British government formed a committee to address these issues, but the committee failed to find solutions, in part because the members, like the British state, supported racial/national coverture for women and thus refused to consider granting women equal rights in nationality. As a result, women married to men of different races and nations remained vulnerable to desertion and divorce in the interwar period. Such issues both confirmed the importance of an imperial frame of mind, but also the fact that the dilemmas went well beyond the formal empire.     

检察机关与侦查、审判机关配合制约机制的现状分析及完善

在我国刑事诉讼制度中,检察机关与侦查机关之间主要围绕侦查分工和追诉目标形成相应的配合制约机制;检察机关与审判机关之间则围绕查清犯罪事实和管辖程序展开配合、围绕裁判和审理程序展开制约。检察机关主要通过通知立案、通知撤案、不捕、不诉、追捕、追诉、纠正违法等方式对侦查机关进行制约,侦查机关则通过对不捕、不诉决定的复议、复核等方式对检察机关进行制约;检察机关主要通过抗诉和纠正违法对审判机关进行制约,审判机关则通过无罪判决、改变指控等对检察机关进行制约。在司法实践中,检察机关还通过侦诉协作、附条件逮捕、建议撤案和地方政法委协调等方式与侦查机关和审判机关进行配合。总体而言,在检察机关与侦查、审判机关之间的配合制约体系中还存在制约范围不全面、制约手段有限、制约结构不稳定、配合机制缺乏约束力、配合范围不明确、考核评价机制不协调等问题。对此,应当分别加以解决和完善。     

小鼠死后骨骼肌、心、肝、肾、脑细胞核中DNA的变化规律

目的 研究小鼠器官细胞核中DNA降解变化与死亡时间的关系,为法医学推断死亡时间提供一种新方法.方法 应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术结合荧光显微镜和计算机图像分析技术,测定小鼠在死后72h内不同时间点骨骼肌、心、肝、肾、脑细胞核头DNA含量、尾DNA含量、头半径、尾长度、尾矩、Olive矩、头面积、尾面积8项参数的变化值.结果 在小鼠死亡72h内,彗星尾DNA含量、尾长度、尾矩、Olive矩、尾面积都呈增加趋势,头DNA舍量、头半径、头面积均呈下降趋势.计算出体现DNA降解趋势的二项式回归方程(P<0.001)和多元回归方程(P<0.0001).结论 本研究提供的各组回归方程,可为法医学推断死后经过时间提供一种新的方法.     

社会转型期俄罗斯的公共所有权制度——兼论公共所有权与私人所有权的制度关系

上世纪90年代以来形成的俄罗斯公共所有权制度,在其主体、客体、权能、实现路径,及其调整社会生活范围、比重等方面,都经历了与社会转型同步的变迁。其中的重要线索是：在延续公共财产民法整体调整传统方法的前提下,围绕实现公共利益的根本目标,回应公共财产客体功能的特殊性及由此产生的法律调整方法特殊性要求,吸收与改造了大陆法国家“公产”与“私产”二分体制,构建了由俄罗斯特色的公共所有权向私人所有权循序过渡的类型序列。     

人权与公民权之异同

人权和公民权是两个关系非常密切的概念,它们既有相同之处,又有细微差别。它们的共同点表现为:起源相同,社会基础和制约条件相同,内容基本相同,价值取向和理论基础相同。它们的区别体现在:主体不完全相同,适用范围不同,属性不同,表达方式的差异,实施和监督机制的差异,救济途径的差异。