不同手机及不同通信网络通话录音质量评析

目的为送检手机通话录音质量的审查提供理论依据。方法提出一种定量化的语音检材质量评价标准,并对不同手机及不同通信网络下的录音进行质量评价。该标准基于主流鉴定设备,涵盖了声学语谱图共振峰个数及数值、基频参数、区域平均频谱等分析方法以及声纹比对测试。结果实验结果显示,不同条件下得到的通话录音质量存在一定的差异性,会对声纹图谱鉴定产生一定影响,但并不会造成本质性差异。结论语音同一认定中,对基于移动通信网络获取的检材录音应考虑到通话语音质量的差异性对检验的影响,并在鉴定分析中加以评估和克服。     

苹果手机录制录音的真实性鉴定若干问题探究

为解释苹果手机所录录音真实性鉴定中发现的各种疑问,对i Phone12（送检手机）、i Phone SE、iPhone 6、iPhone 4s手机中的录音文件进行同步、修改录音质量、复制、修剪、替换、清除等实验操作,结果显示在上述手机中,语音备忘录的录音文件只允许同步一次,手机录制的“无损”与“压缩”设置只改变语音频率,并不改变录音采样率;同时总结出从上述手机语音备忘录录音列表中复制语音的文件名变化规则,对原始录音文件编辑后的各种变化,以及iTunes语音备忘录信息查看工具的重要性等一些规律性认识,为苹果手机所录录音的真实性鉴定提供了理论依据与实践经验。     

数字录音真实性司法鉴定研究现状

随着数字录音设备的普及,以及音频编辑技术的大众化趋势,传统的检验方法和技术在当前数字录音真实性司法鉴定实践中面临着极大的挑战。模式识别和人工智能等领域的最新进展为数字录音真实性鉴定提供了有效的检验角度。通过分析和总结当前机器学习和模式识别等研究领域在数字录音真实性研究方面的前沿探索性成果,结合对当前录音真实性司法鉴定实践应用中的关键技术和方法的论述,分析和探讨数字录音真实性司法鉴定领域研究所面临的问题、挑战及未来发展趋势。指出专家经验判断分析技术和统计量化检验方法的协作并存是数字录音真实性鉴定的必然趋势和高效解决方案。     

录音设备识别司法鉴定技术研究

目标随着手机和录音笔等数字录音设备的普及,数字录音已基本取代传统的模拟录音,成为录音司法鉴定主导性检材类型。数字录音资料作为视听资料的重要组成部分,其真实性司法鉴定新技术新方法的研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。方法研究基于录音设备识别的数字录音真实性鉴定技术,通过数字录音背景噪声片段的提取,计算录音设备相关的关键统计特征,包括采样直方图分布特征和平均频谱统计特征,并使用机器学习和模式分类方法对数字录音的载体即录音设备进行准确分类。结果实验中最高的分类准确性达到97.09%。在录音设备可分性研究成果基础上,提出应用于数字录音设备司法鉴定的可行实施方案。结论研究结果表明了基于信号统计特征分析的录音设备识别方法的可行性和准确性。     

同步录音录像制度运行中的若干问题探析-以福建省职务犯罪案件为观察对象

我国法律没有规定刑事案件侦查讯问时同步录音录像的性质，所以对于同步录音的认识不一。这种情况已经对同步录音录像的规范运用产生重要的影响。基于实证调研的数据，可以对同步录音录像制度在实务中的运行状况、程序规范、存在的问题、同步录音录像的实务运用与效用进行全面的梳理。在此基础上，对同步录音录像性质与定位的争议等问题进行了回应。同步录音录像可作为侦查讯问行为合法性证据和口供补强证据，但一般情况下不能作为案件实体事实的证据。     

九龙坡区检察院：观看全程同步录音录像

4月20日上午，九龙坡区各界代表20人走进区检察院，用几分好奇、几分惊喜的眼光，第一次观看了由检察官演示的“全程同步录音录像”全过程。     

论“制作录音制品法定许可”及在我国《著作权法》中的重构

《著作权法》规定“制作录音制品法定许可”，是为了防止音乐著作权人与唱片公司签订专有许可协议而垄断唱片市场，提高唱片价格。根据立法目的，利用此项“法定许可”的主要方式，是唱片公司自聘歌手重新录制录音制品；但在经过原录音制品中表演者和录制者许可的情况下，也可以直接翻录录音制品。此项“法定许可”所允许的行为不仅是利用音乐作品制作录音制品，还包括发行录音制品。我国《著作权法》为此项“法定许可”规定的“但书”使“法定许可”丧失了其存在价值，应当在《著作权法》修改时删除。     

基于信号处理技术的音频真实性检测方法研究

随着科学技术的发展，许多案件利用语音编辑软件对录音资料进行篡改，使得公安机关根据录音资料进行案件侦破构成障碍。文章对可用于数字音频真伪检测的特征进行了梳理和总结，通过信号分析手段，利用ENF、信号量化方式、信道语谱、采样直方图、直流偏移和拼接点分析对语音真实性进行检测。     

言论广场

朱孝清 可考虑让律师在看得见听不见的地方监督讯问 前几年，重大冤假错案大多是因为刑讯逼供，而刑讯逼供造成冤假错案和我国证据制度的缺失有很大关系。为此，如何遏制刑讯逼供，司法部门要首先考虑完善一系列相关的证据制度。检察机关除了对职务犯罪嫌疑人实施同步录音录像之外，还可以尝试扩大同步录音录像的适用范围，如讯问命案、强奸案等重大刑事案件的犯罪嫌疑人时，也可以考虑实施同步录音录像。此外，还可以考虑让律师在“看得见、听不见”的地方，对司法机关讯问行为进行监督。     

浅谈“双录”工作中的几个问题

自2006年以来，全国检察机关对职务犯罪案件开展全程同步录音录像工作（以下简称“双录”工作），并下发了《人民检察院讯问职务犯罪嫌疑人实行全程同步录音录像的规定》（以下简称《规定》）和《人民检察院讯问职务犯罪嫌疑人实行全程同步录音录像技术工作流程》（以下简称《工作流程》）等规章制度，笔者所在单位也在讯问犯罪嫌疑人和询问有关证人时开展了“双录”工作。     

不同通信系统下的说话人识别探究

目的研究不同通信系统条件下,利用语音进行说话人识别的基本假设＂个体之间的语音差异大于个体自身的语音变异＂是否成立。方法选择宽带语图差异较大的不同通信系统下语音进行比对及差异的统计。结果发现说话人识别的基本假设在不同通信系统条件下成立。结论得出了不同通信系统条件下进行说话人识别的方法与判阈。     

认识非语音信息在司法话者识别中的应用

通过介绍两起利用非语音信息最终辅助确认了说话人的司法话者识别检验案件,发现在说话人识别中,当待检语音无法满足语图比对条件时,充分利用非语音信息所揭示出的个体特性将有助于解决话者识别问题。得出了当待检语音条件不充分时,依靠非语音信息来辅助进行话者识别的方法。     

Voice identification by human listeners: On earwitness reliability

This paper reviews what is currently known about voice identification by human listeners. Our own experimental data from a four-year research program into this topic is used to elucidate, support, and in some cases to contradict published work into the effects on voice identification of such factors as speech sample size and quality, voice disguise, delay in holding voice identification sessions, incidental as opposed to intentional memory for voices, the effects of the age of the witness, training in specific modes of encoding voices, and the relationship between objective accuracy and subjective feelings of certainty of correctness. It is concluded that the caution and suspicion currently accorded to visual identification must be extended also, and perhaps more so, to voice identification.Part of the research discussed in this paper was conducted under the auspices of a grant from the British Home Office to the author and Ray Bull. The author would like to thank the issue editor for his very useful comments on an earlier draft of this paper, and Harriet Rathborn for running many of the experiments.     

法庭语音学

本文对法庭语音学进行了研究综述,主要介绍了该学科的核心内容：说话人鉴定。在实际办案中,当未找到嫌疑人,只有犯罪分子的检材语音时,可以使用说话人画像/说话人分类技术。若没有犯罪分子的录音证据时,可以让受害人和证人进行说话人的听觉辨认。具体的辨认形式有两种：对熟人辨认和对陌生人辨认,在对陌生人辨认时可以采用语音辨认的方法进行。当检材语音和样本语音都齐备的时候,法庭语音分析专家就可以对二者进行比对检验了。目前语音比对分析涉及到的问题和领域有：基于贝叶斯方法的法庭推理和似然比计算、共振峰频率的测量应用、非解析感知与样例理论、法庭说话人自动识别以及不同方法的综合应用等。     

伪装语音的自动话者识别研究

本文以语音自动话者识别系统为平台,对实际案件中出现频率较高的10种伪装语音类型进行自动话者识别测试。通过对20位发音人的正常语音和10种类型伪装语音的话者辨认和话者确认测试,分析不同语音伪装类型对自动话者识别的影响。该结果对于深入认识伪装语音的特性及其话者识别研究具有重要意义,也为自动话者识别技术的改进提供了参考。     

Long-term working memory in voice identification

Abstract

The present study investigated the role of long-term working memory in voice identification. For this purpose, a mock theft design was used and three groups: voice identification experts, totally blind people and a control group of sighted listeners without any special training or experience in voice identification, were compared for their voice identification efficiency.

Results revealed that the professional voice identification experts were more accurate than the other groups. Blind listeners were as effective as the sighted in voice identification. The results confirmed predictions which were based on the long-term working memory model. Implications of these results for the practice of voice identification are discussed.     

正常、大声两种说话状态下语音的声学差异及对声纹鉴定的影响

本文主要通过对正常、大声两种说话状态下的普通话中三个单元音[a]、[i]、[u]的声强、时长、基频、谐波振幅差值、共振峰等声学参数的分析,综合比较了各参数的变化规律,发现大声说话时的语音并非正常语音的简单放大,二者不仅在声强上存在差别,同时在频率域上也发生了重要变化。同一人不同状态下发音的频谱特征差异性较大,同种状态下发音的相似性、可比性较强,为此,声纹鉴定中应尽量选取状态相同的语音进行比对。     

Voice stress evaluators and lie detection

Proponents of vocal stress analysis systems argue that they are able to detect spoken deception by analysis of "stress" in the voice signal. Presumably, they do so by examining traces made by laryngeal microtremors which, they claim exist in the voice, are associated with stress, and ultimately are associated with lying. However, most research that seeks to identify the relationships between microtremors and laryngeal function has produced negative results, and data on the ability of voice analyzers to detect stress from speech--or to identify spoken deception--have been negative or "mixed" in nature. Since perspectives based on available results leave a number of questions unanswered, a series of experiments has been undertaken. The first was focused on the basic acoustic/temporal correlates of stress in voice (the subject of an earlier report), the second on examination of stress by commercial voice analyzers, and the third on the detection of relatively high-risk lies by this same type of voice analysis procedure. It was found that correct stress/nonstress identifications occurred only at chance levels; the lie/nonlie identification scores were quite similar with professional "examiners" performing at about the same level of accuracy as other auditors. The following review is divided into two parts: a history of the controversy and a presentation of the two cited experiments.     

Computer-assisted skull identification system using video superimposition

This system consists of two main units, namely a video superimposition system and a computer-assisted skull identification system. The video superimposition system is comprised of the following five parts: a skull-positioning box having a monochrome CCD camera, a photo-stand having a color CCD camera, a video image mixing device, a TV monitor and a videotape recorder. The computer-assisted skull identification system is composed of a host computer including our original application software, a film recorder and a color printer. After the determination of the orientation and size of the skull to those of the facial photograph using the video superimposition system, the skull and facial photograph images are digitized and stored within the computer, and then both digitized images are superimposed on the monitor. For the assessment of anatomical consistency between the digitized skull and face, the distance between the landmarks and the thickness of soft tissue of the anthropometrical points are semi-automatically measured on the monitor. The wipe images facilitates the comparison of positional relationships between the digitized skull and face. The software includes the polynomial functions and Fourier harmonic analysis for evaluating the match of the outline such as the forehead and mandibular line in both the digitized images.