共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 134 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
植物DNA检验技术是利用植物遗传性状的稳态性对关联植物物证进行检验鉴定的手段。将该技术应用于现场重建,应基于植物物证与犯罪嫌疑人、被害人及其活动环境具有"重大关联性"。从命案现场重建的需求上看,应围绕犯罪嫌疑人及其可控物品中附着植物与现场植物的种属同一性判断、被害人尸体(尸块或尸骸)及其随附物品中附着植物与中心现场植物的种属同一性判断、疑似侵害物及其附着植物与嫌疑人行为关联植物的种属同一性判断等三个角度或层次进行检验和综合分析。植物DNA检验技术可阐明物证的时空运行停顿规律,为命案现场重建工作提供一种参考性解决方案。 相似文献
5.
物证鉴定若存在错误风险则会危害严重。恰当的物证鉴定错误管理可以有效减少物证鉴定错误的发生,有助于及时发现物证鉴定错误并将损害减至最小。本文探讨了在物证鉴定全部过程中有效管理物证鉴定错误的十二条措施:1)以有组织方式有条理的开展物证发现、提取、标记、记录、包装、保存和送检工作;2)持续强化物证鉴定科学基础研究和方法确认;3)在物证鉴定检验过程中实施多人平行鉴定、技术评审和管理审核程序;4)建立透明的鉴定意见冲突解决和鉴定结论表述机制;5)采用适当程序和方法有效管理和控制物证鉴定认知偏见信息;6)实施物证鉴定结论例行核查机制;7)建立检验留样和全面记录机制;8)有效评估物证鉴定结论错误风险;9)建立有效的用户培训和交流机制;10)及时发现和整改物证鉴定错误;11)构建物证鉴定科学文化;12)加强物证鉴定人培训。 相似文献
6.
手机物证检验及其在刑事侦查中的应用 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
随着移动通信技术的迅速发展和广泛应用,手机内部包含的信息已经成为犯罪侦查重要的线索和证据来源。采用专门的符合物证鉴定原理要求的技术方法检验手机的SIM卡存储器、主板存储器和闪存卡,可以获得大量的手机使用者个人信息、通信内容信息、通信发生信息、使用者写入存储信息和手机设置信息等大量信息资料。手机检验结果给出的这些信息具有非常高的侦查和证据价值的,手机也因此成为物证鉴定领域内一个新的检验对象。 相似文献
7.
8.
物证鉴定技术是刑事科学技术工作的重要组成部分,是公安机关不可或缺的基础性工作和重要科技支撑,是维护司法公正和社会稳定的重要手段。笔者对目前我国物证鉴定技术发展现状及发展过程中出现的问题,以及如何推进物证鉴定技术专业化、规范化、信息化、现代化,加快提高我国物证检验鉴定能力 相似文献
9.
浅谈微量物证的提取、保存和送检要求及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
物证是刑事技术的重要组成部分,它的存在已显示出在各类案件中的巨大应用价值,其鉴定结论作为法庭的重要证据之一。物证的种类所涉及的专业各不相同,各专业又涉及不同的鉴定项目,每个鉴定项目对物证检材及比对样品又有着各自特殊的要求。检材的提取是否规范,保存是否妥当都将直接影响到最终的鉴定结果,微量物证经过检验所提供的信息一旦被证实,便是揭露和证实犯罪的强有力的证据。在理化检验工作中,我们接触的物证种类繁多,在送检样品中经常遇到各种各样的问题,如:不规范的包装、提取方法和送检方法不当、数量和质量不符合要求等… 相似文献
10.
物证鉴定的技术方法确认和标准操作规程 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
物证鉴定中使用的技术方法直接影响和决定了物证检验结果的质量,因此对技术方法的管理是物证鉴定实验室质量保证体系的核心因素之一。开展技术方法的开发确认和内部确认并建立方法的标准操作规程,是保证实验室能够正确选择和使用科学可靠的技术方法,并获得一致结果的主要手段。运行高水平质量保证体系的物证鉴定实验室,应该在案件物证检验工作中使用经过实验室内部确认的技术方法,而且重要新技术方法还应在开发确认基础上进行内部确认,根据方法确认结果建立该方法的标准操作规程。 相似文献
11.
12.
The anthropocentric nature of forensic sciences has been changing continuously over the years and this process is continuing today. Due to its universality and multilateral implementation, and the fragmented nature of forensic epistemology, the information provided by forensic genetics can play a pivotal role in forensic science. At the same time, the link between forensic genetics and non-human forensic biological evidence has become unquestionable. It may highlight the modern requirements of forensic science, and this connection is also able to provide useful and sufficient examples for developmental processes in wildlife forensics. Obviously, the local formations, organizations, and operations of wildlife forensics can be different worldwide, but the detection and punishment of wildlife-related criminal behavior, as well as the prevention of further crimes, play a relevant role in these processes everywhere. 相似文献
13.
14.
Samuel P. Prahlow B.S. Alexander Arendt B.S. Thomas Cameron B.S. Joseph A. Prahlow M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(5):1250-1256
Homicide investigations represent an important function of death investigators. Although recognizing nonobvious homicides is crucial, an equally important role involves the identification of cases that initially present as possible homicides, but are ultimately discovered to not represent homicides. Failure to recognize such cases results in wasted time, squandered resources, false allegations, and potential life‐altering consequences. The authors review a series of cases wherein initial investigation suggested a possibility that the deaths represented homicides. By carefully considering additional information, including scene findings, history, and postmortem examination, each was determined to represent an accidental traumatic death. In addition to highlighting the importance of recognizing accidental traumatic deaths that initially present as homicides, the cases serve to highlight the fact that forensic pathology cannot be practiced without knowledge of appropriate ancillary information. Although guarding against cognitive bias is important in all forensic disciplines, including forensic pathology, access to vital case‐related ancillary information is an essential component of practicing medicine as a forensic pathologist. 相似文献
15.
新冠肺炎致死或引发的其他法律纠纷可能涉及法医学病理解剖或者法医临床学鉴定。在日常法医学解剖中时有遇到因传染性疾病死亡患者的尸体,法医鉴定机构及鉴定人应当有风险识别意识,充分认识到在解剖、检查这类尸体时的被传染风险。法医鉴定人需要采取充分有效的防护措施。由于新冠肺炎属于新型传染性疾病,相关研究成果、信息资料更新快,鉴定中的信息参考要慎重选择。同时本文对因传染性疾病死亡患者的尸体解剖中常见的职业伦理、知情同意、保险理赔和环境保护等问题进行讨论。 相似文献
16.
Abstract: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique that is commonly employed in the forensic drug analysis of pharmaceutical preparations. Detection is typically accomplished using various visualization spray reagents. Conventional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis is typically performed to confirm the TLC results. Depending on the drugs tested and the instrument conditions required, this confirmation can take up to an hour to complete. Direct analysis in real time (DART?) is an ionization source, coupled to an accurate‐mass time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer that has the capability to ionize materials under ambient conditions. To streamline analysis, the combination of TLC with DART? detection is proposed to screen and subsequently identify drug compounds, all from the same TLC plate. DART? confirmations of TLC analyses take <10 min to complete and compare favorably to GC‐MS in sensitivity and selectivity. This study validates the use of TLC‐DART in the forensic identification of the components of several pharmaceutical preparations. 相似文献
17.
Melanie S. Archer B.Sc. Ph.D. M.B.B.S. James F. Wallman B.Sc. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(5):1270-1277
Context effects are pervasive in forensic science, and are being recognized by a growing number of disciplines as a threat to objectivity. Cognitive processes can be affected by extraneous context information, and many proactive scientists are therefore introducing context‐minimizing systems into their laboratories. Forensic entomologists are also subject to context effects, both in the processes they undertake (e.g., evidence collection) and decisions they make (e.g., whether an invertebrate taxon is found in a certain geographic area). We stratify the risk of bias into low, medium, and high for the decisions and processes undertaken by forensic entomologists, and propose that knowledge of the time the deceased was last seen alive is the most potentially biasing piece of information for forensic entomologists. Sequential unmasking is identified as the best system for minimizing context information, illustrated with the results of a casework trial (n = 19) using this approach in Victoria, Australia. 相似文献
18.
根据胃排空的情况进行死亡时间的推断是法医学常用方法,但有时会出现一定的误差,本文对5例胃排空显著延缓的案例进行分析,探讨提高其准确性的方法。 相似文献
19.
20.
《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2013,4(1):e47-e48
Direct PCR is fast becoming a popular method in forensic science due to the advantages of saving time and money in the lab while increasing the probability of obtaining substantial results has a positive rippling effect. A laboratory is able to reduce the time spent on processing trace DNA samples, which can lead to investigators receiving important information in a timely manner that may not have been possible using standard methods. This study highlights the benefits of direct PCR in forensic casework by analysing trace and touch DNA on a range of substrates and exploring the loss of initial DNA due to extraction. 相似文献